杈

See also: 𭩚

杈 U+6748, 杈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6748 ← 杇 [U+6747] CJK Unified Ideographs 杉 → [U+6749]

Translingual

Han character

杈 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈 (DEI), four-corner 4794₀, composition ⿰木叉)

1. branch of a tree

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14451
• Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1163, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6748

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (叉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
叉	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
杈	*sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
靫	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
汊	*sʰraːls
衩	*sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
扠	*hr'eːl
釵	*sʰreːl
芆	*sʰreːl
訍	*sʰreːls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls) : semantic 木 + phonetic 叉 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		杈
2nd round simp.		叉

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chā (cha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caa¹ / caa³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha / chhe / chhee

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chā
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cha
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa¹
    • Yale: chā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
    • Palladius: ча (ča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caa¹ / caa³
    • Yale: chā / cha
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa¹ / tsaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ca¹ / ca³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
    • Tâi-lô: tsha
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
    • Tâi-lô: tshe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
    • Tâi-lô: tshee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

• chha - literary;
• chhe/chhee - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrheaH

Rime
Character	杈	杈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初加切	楚懈切
Baxter	tsrhae	tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠa/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caa1	caai3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杈	杈	杈
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1176	1179	1187
Phonetic component	叉	叉	叉
Rime group	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	叉		差
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːl/	/*sʰraːls/	/*sʰreːls/

Definitions

杈

1. pitchfork

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chà, chā

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˋ, ㄔㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caa¹ / caa³
• Jin (Wiktionary): ca³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha / chhe / chhee

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chà
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chà
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa⁴
    • Yale: chà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
    • Palladius: ча (ča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chā
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cha
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa¹
    • Yale: chā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
    • Palladius: ча (ča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caa¹ / caa³
    • Yale: chā / cha
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa¹ / tsaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ca¹ / ca³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaː³³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ca³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰa⁴⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
    • Tâi-lô: tsha
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
    • Tâi-lô: tshe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
    • Tâi-lô: tshee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

• chha - literary;
• chhe/chhee - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrheaH

Rime
Character	杈	杈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初加切	楚懈切
Baxter	tsrhae	tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠa/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰɛH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰaiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caa1	caai3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杈	杈	杈
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1176	1179	1187
Phonetic component	叉	叉	叉
Rime group	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	叉		差
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːl/	/*sʰraːls/	/*sʰreːls/

Definitions

杈

1. fork of a tree

Compounds

• 丫杈 (yāchà)
• 杈丫
• 杈子 (chàzi)
• 杈枒／杈丫
• 杈桿兒／杈杆儿
• 杈椏／杈桠
• 枝杈 (zhīchā)
• 枒杈／丫杈
• 椏杈／桠杈 (yāchà)
• 樹杈／树杈 (shùchà)

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 杈 – see 權 (“power; authority; right; entitlement; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 權).

References

• “杈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01620
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02050-023

Japanese

Kanji

杈

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. fork of a tree
2. pitchfork

Readings

• On (unclassified): さ (sa)、しゃ (sha)、さい (sai)
• Kun: えだ (eda)

Korean

Hanja

杈 (eum 차 (cha))

1. 가지: branch

Vietnamese

Han character

杈: Hán Nôm readings: soa, xà, xoa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation