憯

憯 U+61AF, 憯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61AF ← 憮 [U+61AE] CJK Unified Ideographs 憰 → [U+61B0]

憯 U+2F8AE, 憯 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AE ← 憤 [U+2F8AD] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 懞 → [U+2F8AF]

Translingual

Han character

憯 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心一山日 (PMUA), four-corner 9106₁, composition ⿰忄朁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 404, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11261
• Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2353, character 14
• Unihan data for U+61AF

• Unihan data for U+2F8AE

Chinese

trad.		憯
simp. #		憯
alternative forms		㦧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 憯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
簪	*ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm
撍	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	*sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb
朁	*sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	*zlom, *zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎn (can³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan³
    • Yale: tsǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
    • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caam²
    • Yale: cháam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám
    • Tâi-lô: tshám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zharm
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tshomX, tshemX

Rime
Character	憯	憯
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	七感切	青忝切
Baxter	tshomX	tshemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌmX/	/t͡sʰemX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəmX/	/t͡sʰemX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒmX/	/t͡sʰɛmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəmX/	/t͡sʰɛmX/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀmX/	/t͡sʰemX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒmX/	/t͡sʰiemX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰămX/	/t͡sʰiemX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎn	qiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam2	cim2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːmʔ/, /*sʰlɯːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憯	憯
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6699	6712
Phonetic component	兓	兓
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	慘	憯
Old Chinese	/*sʰluːmʔ/	/*sʰlɯːmʔ/

Definitions

憯

1. Alternative form of 慘／惨 (cǎn)
2. sorrowful, sad
3. already, nevertheless

Compounds

• 憯悽／憯凄
• 憯惻／憯恻
• 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)

 

Korean

Hanja

憯 (eum 참 (cham))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.