宙
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]宙 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中田 (JLW), four-corner 30602, composition ⿱宀由)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 283, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7108
- Dae Jaweon: page 559, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 921, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5B99
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
宙 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
| 抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
| 妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 紬 | *l'ɯw |
| 怞 | *l'ɯw |
| 鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
| 菗 | *rlɯw |
| 宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
| 由 | *lɯw |
| 蚰 | *lɯw |
| 秞 | *lɯw |
| 邮 | *lɯw |
| 釉 | *lɯwɢs |
| 柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
| 苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
| 舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢs) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). It originally represented the farthest place accessible by boat or vehicle and, by extension, came to express the idea of spatial expansion or vastness.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zau6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiu
- Eastern Min (BUC): dêu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diu4 / diu5
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiū / tiǔ
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zeu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
- Wade–Giles: chou4
- Yale: jòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
- Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zau6
- Yale: jauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzau6
- Guangdong Romanization: zeo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐu̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiu
- Hakka Romanization System: qiu
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiu4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dêu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiɛu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: diu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiu⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: diu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiu²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: drjuwH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯwɢs/
Definitions
[edit]宙
- (obsolete) (of a house) ridgepole and beams
- 而燕雀佼之，以為不能與之爭於宇宙之間。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
- Ér yànquè jiǎo zhī, yǐwèi bùnéng yǔ zhī zhēng yú yǔzhòu zhījiān. [Pinyin]
- So the swallows and sparrows mocked them (the fenghuang), saying that they were incapable of matching them in squabbling among the eaves and roof, ridgepole, and beams.
而燕雀佼之，以为不能与之争于宇宙之间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete, except in 宇宙) infinite time
- 有實而無乎處，有長而無乎本剽，有所出而無竅者有實。有實而無乎處者，宇也；有長而無本剽者，宙也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu shí ér wú hū chù, yǒu cháng ér wú hū běnpiāo, yǒu suǒchū ér wú qiào zhě yǒu shí. Yǒu shí ér wú hū chù zhě, yǔ yě; yǒu cháng ér wú běn piāo zhě, zhòu yě. [Pinyin]
- He has a real existence, but it has nothing to do with place; he has continuance, but it has nothing to do with beginning or end. He has a real existence, but it has nothing to do with place, such is his relation to space; he has continuance, but it has nothing to do with beginning or end, such is his relation to time.
有实而无乎处，有长而无乎本剽，有所出而无窍者有实。有实而无乎处者，宇也；有长而无本剽者，宙也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 宇宙在乎手。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: 《黃帝陰符經》(The Yellow Thearch's Classic of the Hidden Talisman), circa 8th century CE, translated based on James Legge's version.
- Yǔzhòu zài hū shǒu. [Pinyin]
- All space and time are at his disposal.
- (obsolete) heaven, sky
- (geology) eon (geochronologic unit)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “宙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 312.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]宙
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じゅう (jū)←ぢう (diu, historical)
- Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)←ちう (tiu, historical)
- Kun: そら (sora, 宙)、も (mo, 宙)
Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 宙 |
| ちゅう Grade: 6 |
| kan'on |
Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 宙 (MC drjuwH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 뜌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttyúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〯 (tyǔ) (Yale: tyǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [주(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]
- hanja form? of 주 (“infinite time in 우주 (宇宙, uju, “space”)”)
- hanja form? of 주 (“house; ridgepole; pillar”)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 우주 (宇宙, uju, “space”)
- 우주선 (宇宙船, ujuseon, “spaceship”)
- 우주인 (宇宙人, uju'in, “alien; astronaut”)
- 대우주 (大宇宙, dae'uju, “macrocosm”)
- 소우주 (小宇宙, souju, “microcosm”)
- 우주복 (宇宙服, ujubok, “spacesuit”)
- 주합루 (宙合樓, Juhamnu, “Juhamnu”)
- 우주만물 (宇宙萬物, ujumanmul, “all things”)
- 우주왕복선 (宇宙往復船, ujuwangbokseon, “space shuttle”)
- 우주비행사 (宇宙飛行士, ujubihaengsa, “astronaut”)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ちゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ちう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading も
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