垂

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See also: 埀, 乗, and 重
垂 U+5782, 垂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5782
← 垁
[U+5781] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垃 →
[U+5783]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Stroke order (Japan)
8 strokes
Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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垂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 竹十廿一 (HJTM), four-corner 20104, composition ⿻⿱千工艹 or ⿻⿱千工卄)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 227, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5012
  • Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 432, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5782

Chinese

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trad. 垂
simp. # 垂
alternative forms
𡸁
埀
𡍮 ancient form
𠂹 ancient form
𠄒 ancient form
𡸁
埀
𡍮 ancient form
𠂹 ancient form
𠄒 ancient form
𠣔 ancient form
𠃀 ancient form
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 垂
Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埵 *toːlʔ
綞 *toːlʔ
涶 *tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾 *tʰoːls
厜 *stol
腄 *tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠 *tol, *tjolʔ
娷 *tols
諈 *tols
錘 *dol, *dols, *du
甀 *dol, *dols
硾 *dols
捶 *tjolʔ
垂 *djol
陲 *djol
倕 *djol
菙 *djolʔ
睡 *djols

Originally 𡍮. Pictogram (象形) : 𠂹 + 土, flowers hanging from a plant.

Etymology

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May be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”) (STEDT), whence Burmese တွဲ (twai:, “to link; drooping, hanging”). Compare also the following Sinitic words:

  • 睡 (OC *djols, “to sleep”)
  • 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “to hang from a tree; classifier for blossoms”)
  • 鬌 (OC *ʔl'oːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *l'ol, “portion of hair left on a child after a haircut”)
  • 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong, oval”)
  • 惰 (OC *l'oːlʔ, *l'oːls, “lazy, negligent”)
  • 緌 (OC *njul, “tassel”)
  • 蕊 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “reproductive organ of flower”)
  • 繠 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “to hang down”)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sûi - literary;
  • sêr/sê/sôe - vernacular.
Note:
  • suê5 - “listless; wilted”.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 垂
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuei³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/
    /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡sʰuei⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰue⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
    Xi'an /p͡fʰei²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuɨ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fʰei⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰuei²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰuei³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰuei²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuei³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuəi²⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰue⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuei¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡sʰuei¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰuei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
    Suzhou /ze̞¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/
    Wenzhou /d͡zz̩³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ɕye⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ɕy⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyei¹³/
    Xiangtan /d͡ʑyəi¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰui²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /sui¹¹/
    Taoyuan /sui¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /søy²¹/
    Nanning /sui²¹/
    Hong Kong /søy²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sui³⁵/
    /se³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /suoi⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /sy³³/
    /ty⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /sui⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /sui³¹/
    Rime
    Character 垂
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 支 (12)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 是爲切
    Baxter dzywe
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiuᴇ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑʷiɛ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjuɛ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑwiə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiue/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑǐwe/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑwie̯/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chuí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		seoi4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 垂
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chuí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzywe ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]o[j]/
    English hang down

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 垂
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1676
    Phonetic
    component         		垂
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		𡍮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djol/

    Definitions

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    垂

    1. to suspend; to hang (down); bend (down)
    2. to drip, to shed (tears)
    3. to hand down, to bequeath, to transmit (something abstract, such as a message or tradition) to one’s successors or aftercomers
    4. nearly; almost
    5. to approach
    6. (Teochew) listless
    7. (Teochew) wilted
    8. (obsolete) difficult; hard
    9. (obsolete) hardly; harshly

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    垂

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. suspend, dangle, hang

    Readings

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    Noun

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    垂(しで) • (shide) 

    1. zigzag-shaped paper streamer often used to adorn Shinto-related objects
    2. hornbeam plant

    Alternative forms

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    Compounds

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    垂 (eum 수 (su))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    垂: Hán Nôm readings: thùy/thuỳ

    1. to hang, to fall, to follow
    2. adjacent to
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