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{{also|Trench}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}
[[File:Cheshire_Regiment_trench_Somme_1916.jpg|thumb|A British '''trench''' during World War I.]]

===Etymology===
Borrowed into {{inh|en|enm|-}} from {{der|en|fro|trenche}}. {{doublet|en|tranche|traunch}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/tɹɛnt͡ʃ/}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛntʃ|s=1}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-trench.wav|a=Southern England}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A long, narrow [[ditch]] or [[hole]] dug in the ground.
#: {{ux|en|The '''trenches''' for installing the underground cables were dug with a trencher.}}
# {{lb|en|military}} A narrow [[excavation]] as used in [[warfare]], as a cover for [[besieging]] or [[emplaced]] forces.
#: {{ux|en|The soldiers in the '''trenches''' rely on logistical support.}}
# {{lb|en|archaeology}} A [[pit]], usually [[rectangular]] with smooth walls and floor, [[excavate]]d during an archaeological investigation.
# {{lb|en|informal}} A [[trench coat]].
#* '''1999''', April 24, Xiphias Gladius <ian@schultz.io.com>, "Re: trenchcoat mafia", ''ne.general.selected'', Usenet:
#*: I was the first person in my high school to wear a '''trench''' and fedora constantly, and Ben was one of the first to wear a black '''trench'''.
#* '''2007''', {{w|Nina Garcia}}, ''The Little Black Book of Style'', HarperCollins, as excerpted in [[w:Elle|''Elle'']], October, page 138:
#*: A classic '''trench''' can work in any kind of weather and goes well with almost anything.

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|fire trench|mini-trench|oceanic trench|stench trench|trench art|trench binoculars|trench broom|trench cut|trench effect|trench mentality|trench plate|trench stick|trench-plough|trench-plow
|entrench|trench dress
|entrenching tool
|in the trenches
|micro trenching
|slit trench
|trench boot
|trench coat|trench derby
|trench club
|trencher
|trench fever
|trench foot
|trench knife
|trench mortar
|trench mouth
|trench warfare
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|tranche}}<!-- Cognate -->

====Translations====
{{trans-top|long, narrow ditch or hole}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|hendek|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|خَنْدَق|m}}, {{t|ar|أُخْدُود|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խրամատ}}
* Basque: {{t|eu|lubaki}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|траншэ́я|f}}, {{t|be|роў|m}}, {{t|be|кана́ва|f}}, {{t|be|ако́п|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|и́зкоп|m}}, {{t+|bg|кана́вка|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|trinxera|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|壕溝|tr=háogōu}}, {{t+|cmn|戰壕|tr=zhànháo}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|příkop|m}}, {{t+|cs|výkop|m}}, {{t|cs|zákop|m}}, {{t+|cs|rýha|f}}, {{t|cs|brázda|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|grøft|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|geul|f}}, {{t+|nl|sloot|m|f}}, {{t+|nl|greppel|m|f}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|fosaĵo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|kraav}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|oja}}
* French: {{t+|fr|tranchée|f}}, {{t+|fr|fossé|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|trincheira|f}}, {{t|gl|gabia|f}}, {{t+|gl|foxo|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|თხრილი}}, {{t|ka|ტრანშეა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Graben|m}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|χαράκωμα|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|τάφρος|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|תְּעָלָה|tr=te'ala}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|खाई|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|árok}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|trancheo}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|palung}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|kanava}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|díog|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|fosso|m}}, {{t+|it|trincea|f}}, {{t+|it|fossato|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|塹壕|tr=ざんごう, zangō}}, {{t+|ja|トレンチ|tr=torenchi}}, {{t+|ja|溝|tr=みぞ, mizo}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ប្រឡាយ}}
* Kikuyu: {{t|ki|mũkaro|c3}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|참호(塹壕)}}, {{t|ko|트렌치}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ຄູ}}, {{t|lo|ຮ່ອງ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|fossa|f}}, {{t|la|scrobis|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|ров|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|parit}}, {{t|ms|jurang}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|खंदक|m}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|tranchie|f}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|grøft|m|f}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|خندق|tr=hendek}}, {{t|ota|آرق|tr=ark}} {{qualifier|for irrigation}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|ترانشه|tr=terânše}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okop|m}}, {{t+|pl|rów|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fosso|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tranșee|f}}, {{t+|ro|fosă|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|транше́я|f}}, {{t+|ru|око́п|m}}, {{t+|ru|ров|m}}, {{t+|ru|кана́ва|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|trainnse|f}}, {{t|gd|clais|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|о̀пкоп|m}}, {{t|sh|ро̏в|m}}, {{t|sh|ја́рак|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|òpkop|m}}, {{t+|sh|rȍv|m}}, {{t+|sh|járak|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|priekopa|f}}, {{t|sk|výkop|m}}, {{t|sk|zákop|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|jarek|m}}, {{t|sl|rov|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|trinchera|f}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|mtaro}}, {{t+|sw|handaki}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|dike|n}}, {{t+|sv|fåra|c}}, {{t+|sv|ränna|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|trintsera}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|хандақ}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|కందకము}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|คู}}, {{t+|th|ร่อง}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ས་ཤུར}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|hendek}}, {{t+|tr|siper}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|транше́я|f}}, {{t+|uk|око́п|m}}, {{t+|uk|окі́п|m}}, {{t+|uk|рів|m}}, {{t+|uk|кана́ва|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|hào}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|ffos|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|military excavation}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|loopgraaf}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|hendek|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|خَنْدَق|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խրամ}}, {{t+|hy|խանդակ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|xəndək}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|ако́п|m}}, {{t|be|траншэ́я|f}}, {{t|be|роў|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|око́п|m}}, {{t+|bg|транше́я|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|壕溝|tr=háogōu}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|zákop|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|skyttegrav|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|loopgraaf|f}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|tranĉeo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|kaevik}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|juoksuhauta}}, {{t|fi|ampumahauta}}
* French: {{t+|fr|tranchée|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|trincheira|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სანგარი}}, {{t|ka|ტრანშეა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schützengraben|m}}, {{t+|de|Graben|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|όρυγμα|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ὄρυγμα|n}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|खाई|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|lövészárok}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|skotgröf|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|trincea|f}}, {{t+|it|fossato|m}}, {{t+|it|buca|f}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жертаса}}, {{t|kk|траншея}}, {{t|kk|ор}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|siper}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|окоп}}, {{t+|ky|траншея}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|tranšeja|f}}, {{t|lv|ierakums|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|apkasas|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|ров|m}}, {{t|mk|транше́ја|f}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|awarua}}, {{t|mi|kōruarua}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|trenche}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|skyttergrav|m|f}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|skyttargrav|f}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|خندق|tr=hendek}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|سنګر|m|tr=sangar}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|سنگر|tr=sangar}}, {{t|fa|ترانشه|tr=trânše}}, {{t+|fa|خندق|tr=xandaq}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okop|m}}, {{t+|pl|rów|m}}, {{t+|pl|transzeja|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|trincheira|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tranșee|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|око́п|m}}, {{t+|ru|транше́я|f}}, {{t+|ru|ров|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|транше́ја|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|tranšéja|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|zákop|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|jarek|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|trinchera|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|skyttegrav|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|trintsera}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|хандақ}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|คู}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|siper}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|око́п|m}}, {{t+|uk|окі́п|m}}, {{t|uk|транше́я|f}}, {{t+|uk|рів|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|خَنْدَق|tr=xandaq}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|خەندەك}}, {{t|ug|ئاكوپ}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|transheya}}, {{t+|uz|okop}}, {{t+|uz|xandaq}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|chiến hào}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|אַקאָפּע|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|usually|followed by {{m|en|upon}}}} To [[invade]], especially with regard to the [[right]]s or the [[exclusive]] [[authority]] of another; to [[encroach]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1640|author=w:Ben Jonson|title=Underwoods|page=68
|passage=Shee is the Judge, Thou Executioner, Or if thou needs would'st '''trench''' upon her power, Thou mightst have yet enjoy'd thy crueltie, With some more thrift, and more varietie.}}
#* {{RQ:Isaac Taylor Saturday Evening|passage=Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a boundless attribute, were to '''trench''' upon the prerogative of the divine nature?}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1949|author=w:Charles Austin Beard|title=American Government and Politics|page=16
|passage=He could make what laws he pleased, as long as those laws did not '''trench''' upon property rights.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2005|author=Carl von Clausewitz; J. J. Graham|title=On War|page=261
|passage=[O]ur ideas, therefore, must '''trench''' upon the province of tactics.}}
# {{lb|en|military|infantry}} To excavate an [[elongate]]d pit for protection of soldiers and or equipment, usually [[perpendicular]] to the [[line of sight]] toward the enemy.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 4-1|I|i|passage=No more shall '''trenching''' war channel her fields.}}
#* {{RQ:Homer Pope Iliad|20
|passage=Advanc'd upon the field there stood a mound<br>Of earth congested, wall'd , and '''trench'd''' around}}
# {{lb|en|archaeology}} To excavate an elongated and often narrow pit.
# To have direction; to aim or tend.
#* {{RQ:Bacon Essayes|chapter=Of Judicature|passage=the reason and consequence thereof may '''trench''' to point of estate}}
# To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, etc.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Venus and Adonis|passage=The wide wound that the boar had '''trenched''' / In his soft flank.}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona|III|ii|passage=This weak impress of love is as a figure / '''Trenched''' in ice, which with an hour's heat<br>Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form.}}
# To cut furrows or ditches in.
#: {{ux|en|to '''trench''' land for the purpose of draining it}}
# To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next.
#: {{ux|en|to '''trench''' a garden for certain crops}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|trenchant}}

==French==

===Etymology===
From {{uder|fr|en|-}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA|tre_ntch}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# [[trench coat]]

{{C|fr|Clothing}}

==Italian==

===Etymology===
From {{der|it|en|trench coat}}.

===Noun===
{{it-noun|m|#}}

# [[trench coat]]

{{C|it|Clothing}}

==Middle English==

===Noun===
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|trenche}}

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