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{{also|EPOCH}}
==English==

===Alternative forms===
*{{alter|en|epocha}} {{defdate|17th–19th c.}}

===Etymology===
From {{bor|en|ML.|epocha}}, from {{der|en|grc|ἐποχή||a check, cessation, stop, pause, epoch of a star, i.e., the point at which it seems to halt after reaching the highest, and generally the place of a star; hence, a historical epoch}}, from {{m|grc|ἐπέχω||I hold in, check}}, from {{m|grc|ἐπι-||upon}} + {{m|grc|ἔχω||I have, hold}}. {{doublet|en|epoche}}.
{{root|en|ine-pro|*seǵʰ-}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈiːpɒk/|/ˈɛpɒk/|/ˈɛpək/|a=UK}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-epoch.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-epoch2.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɛp.ək/|/ˈɛpˌɑk/|/ˈiˌpɑk/|/ˈeɪˌpɑk/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-epoch.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːpɒk|ɛpək|s=2}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|s}}

# A particular [[period]] of [[history]], or of a person's [[life]], ''especially'' one considered [[noteworthy]] or [[remarkable]].
#: {{syn|en|age|era|q2=only in general usage}}
#* {{RQ:Landon Francesca Carrara|page=198|volume=I|text=I grew bitter in my words—I believed the worst of everyone; nay, I sometimes doubted the affection of my kind, my indulgent parents. But let me hastily pass over this vain and profitless '''epoch''',—the fierce tempest, and the weary calm, were but the appointed means by which I reached the harbour of faith and rest.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=s:en:The Waning of the Middle Ages|year=1924|tlr=F. Hopman|by=w:Johan Huizinga|original=Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen|passage=And it occasionally happens that a period in which one had, hitherto, been mainly looking for the coming to birth of new things, suddenly reveals itself as an '''epoch''' of fading and decay.}}
# A [[notable]] [[event]] which marks the [[beginning#Noun|beginning]] of such a period.
# {{lb|en|chronology|astronomy|computing}} A specific [[instant]] in time, chosen as the [[point of reference]] or [[zero]] value of a system that involves identifying instants of time.
#: {{cot|en|datum<q:cartography, engineering>}}
#: {{ux|en|UNIX '''epoch'''; J2000 '''epoch'''}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2000|author=Carl D. Murray; Stanley F. Dermott|title=Solar System Dynamics|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139936156|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_8LBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT93&dq=J2000+%22epoch%22&hl=&cd=12&source=gbs_api#v=onepage&q=J2000%20%22epoch%22&f=false|text=Appendix A gives formulae for the calculation of the orbital elements of the planets at any time referred to the mean ecliptic and equinox of the '''epoch''' of noon on 1st January 2000; this is called the J2000 '''epoch'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2016|author=Preston Miller; Chapin Bryce|title=Learning Python for Forensics|publisher=Packt Publishing Ltd|isbn=9781783285242|page=281|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggNwDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA281&dq=%22epoch%22+1970&hl=&cd=2&source=gbs_api#v=onepage&q=%22epoch%22%201970&f=false|text=There are two major '''epoch''' times associated with most timestamps: <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code> and <code>1601-01-01 00:00:00</code>. The first, starting in 1970, is traditionally referred to as POSIX time as it is a common timestamp in UNIX and UNIX-like systems.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2022|author=Tomasz Lelek; Jon Skeet|title=Software Mistakes and Tradeoffs: How to Make Good Programming Decisions|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781617299209|page=155|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8JrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&dq=%22proleptic%22+.NET&hl=&cd=2&source=gbs_api#v=onepage&q=%22proleptic%22%20.NET&f=false|text=The .NET '''epoch''' is midnight at the start of January 1st, AD 1, although that's AD 1 in a proleptic Gregorian calendar, which refers to even ''more'' complexity we haven't talked about yet.}}
# {{senseid|en|geology}}{{lb|en|geology}} A [[geochronologic]] [[unit]] of [[hundred]]s of [[thousand]]s to [[million]]s of [[year]]s; a [[subdivision]] of a [[period]], and [[subdivided]] into [[age]]s (or sometimes [[subepoch]]s).
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1881|title=Island Life|author=w:Alfred Russel Wallace|chapter=VIII|chapterurl={{fullurl:s:en:Island Life/VIII}}|passage=Now during the time of the glacial '''epoch''' the greatest distance of the sun in winter was 98¼ millions of miles, whereas it is now, in winter, only 91½ millions of miles, the mean distance being taken as 93 million miles.}}
#* {{quote-journal|1=en|author=w:Donald Worster|title=A Drier and Hotter Future|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/a-drier-and-hotter-future|magazine=w:American Scientist|month=January|year=2012|volume=100|issue=1|page=70|passage=Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the '''epoch''' when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.|accessdate=12 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126223603/http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/a-drier-and-hotter-future|archivedate=26 January 2012}}
# {{lb|en|ML}} One complete [[presentation]] of the [[training#Noun|training]] [[data]] set to an [[iterative]] [[machine learning]] [[algorithm]].
#: {{syn|en|generation}}
#: {{ux|en|The neural network was trained over 500 '''epochs'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2021|author=Joe Papa|title=PyTorch Pocket Reference|publisher=O'Reilly Media|isbn=9781492089957|text=For now, let's test and evaluate our GAN by comparing the results from the first '''epoch''' with the generated images from the last '''epoch'''.}}

====Derived terms====
{{der2|en| Amazonian epoch|epoch-making|Genesee epoch|habitable epoch|Hesperian epoch|Noachian epoch|Planck epoch}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|epochal}}
* {{l|en|epoche}}, {{l|en|epoché}}
* {{l|en|epochless}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|particular period of history}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|epokë|f}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|عَصْر|m}}, {{t+|ar|عُصُور|m-p}}, {{t+|ar|زَمَان|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դարաշրջան}}, {{t+|hy|դար}}, {{t+|hy|ժամանակաշրջան}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|dövr}}, {{t|az|epoxa}}, {{t+|az|əsr}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|дәүер}}, {{t|ba|заман}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|эпо́ха|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|কাল}}, {{t+|bn|যুগ}}, {{t+|bn|জমানা}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|епо́ха|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ယုဂ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|època|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|時代|tr=shídài}}; {{t+|cmn|會|tr=huì}} {{q|Taoist}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|epocha|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|epoke|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|tijdperk|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|epoko}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|epohh}}, {{t+|et|ajajärk}}
* Farefare: {{t|gur|epoka}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|aikakausi}}, {{t+|fi|ajanjakso}}, {{t+|fi|epookki}}
* French: {{t+|fr|époque|f}}, {{t+|fr|ère|f}}, {{t+|fr|période|f}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|epuche|f}}, {{t|fur|ete|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|época|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ეპოქა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Epoche|f}}, {{t+|de|Ära|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|εποχή|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|תְּקוּפָה|f|tr=tkufá}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|युग|m}}, {{t+|hi|काल|m}}, {{t|hi|ज़माना|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kor}}, {{t+|hu|korszak}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|tímabil|n}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kala}}, {{t+|id|kurun}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|epoca|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|時代|tr=じだい, jidai}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|дәуір}}, {{t|kk|заман}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|យុគ}}, {{t+|km|កាល}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|시대(時代)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|dewr}}, {{t+|kmr|zeman}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|доор}}, {{t+|ky|заман}}, {{t|ky|эпоха}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ຍຸກ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|epocha|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|laikmets|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|epocha|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|епо́ха|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|zaman}}, {{t+|ms|masa}}, {{t|ms|epok}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|epoke|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|epoke|m}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|ieldu|f}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|عصر|m|tr=asᶕr}}, {{t|ps|دور|m|tr=dawr}}, {{t+|ps|زمانه|f|tr=zamāná, zəmāná}}, {{t+|ps|دوره|f|tr=dawrá}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|دوره|tr=davre}}, {{t+|fa|زمان|tr=zamân}}, {{t+|fa|دوران|tr=dowrân}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|epoka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|época|f}}, {{t+|pt|era|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|epocă|f}}, {{t+|ro|eră|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|эпо́ха|f}}, {{t+|ru|пери́од|m}}, {{t+|ru|э́ра|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|епо́ха|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|epóha|f}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|èbbica|f}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|epocha|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|epoha|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|época|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|epok|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|daktion}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|давра}}, {{t+|tg|замон}}, {{t|tg|аср}}, {{t|tg|давр}}, {{t|tg|замона}}, {{t|tg|даврон}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|дәвер}}, {{t+|tt|заман}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ยุค}}, {{t+|th|กาล}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|devir}}, {{t+|tr|çağ}}, {{t+|tr|zaman}}, {{t+|tr|asır}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|döwür}}, {{t+|tk|zaman}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|епо́ха|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|دور|m|tr=daur}}, {{t|ur|زمانہ|m|tr=zamānā}}, {{t|ur|عصر|m|tr='asar}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|دەۋر}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|davr}}, {{t+|uz|epoxa}}, {{t+|uz|asr}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thời đại}} ({{t|vi|時代}})
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|עפּאָכע|f}}
* Zazaki: {{t+|zza|çağ|n}}, {{t+|zza|dewr|m}}, {{t+|zza|zeman|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|notable event}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|käännekohta}}, {{t+|fi|epookki}}
* French: {{t+|fr|singularité|f}}, {{t+|fr|évènement|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|avvenimento|m}}, {{t+|it|singolarità|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|eveniment|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|time reference point}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|epookki}}
* Italian: {{t|it|orario epocale}}, {{t+|it|epoca}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|época|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|geochronologic unit}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|世|tr=shì}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|epookki}}
* German: {{t+|de|Epoche|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kala}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|epok|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t-check|sh|[[епоха]] [[epoha]]|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+check|sh|epoha|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+check|es|época|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+check|sv|epok|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb|epochs|+|+}}

# {{lb|en|sciences|transitive}} To [[divide]] (data) into [[segment]]s by [[time]] [[period]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=July 6, 2015|author=|title=Stronger Neural Modulation by Visual Motion Intensity in Autism Spectrum Disorders|journal=PLOS ONE|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0132531|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0132531|volume=|issue=|pages=
|passage=The continuous data were '''epoched''' into segments of 1500 ms (starting 500 ms before visual stimulus onset), time-locked to stimulus onset (0 ms) and sorted according to experimental conditions.}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=cehop|Poche|chope|poché}}

{{C|en|Time}}

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