-ik

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See also: ik, Ik, IK, ik', ik-, and -ík

Abenaki

Suffix

-ik

  1. A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

Usage notes

  • Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
  • See the usage notes at -ak.

Azerbaijani

Suffix

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ıq -ik -uq -ük
postvocalic -yıq -yik -yuq -yük

-ik

  1. First-person plural present simple copula
    1. [we] are

Basque

Alternative forms

Suffix

-ik

  1. Partitive suffix.
    ‎etxe (“house”) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (“any house?”)
  2. Adverbial suffix, -ly
    ‎poz (“joy”) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (“happy, happily”)

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
―
―
―
―
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
―
―
―
prolative -tzat
―
―
―

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ik

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.

Suffix

-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)

  1. Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
    kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”)
    kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”)
    neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”)

Declension

Declension of -ik (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -ik -ikud
accusative nom.
gen. -iku
genitive -ikute
partitive -ikut -ikuid
illative -ikusse -ikutesse
-ikuisse
inessive -ikus -ikutes
-ikuis
elative -ikust -ikutest
-ikuist
allative -ikule -ikutele
-ikuile
adessive -ikul -ikutel
-ikuil
ablative -ikult -ikutelt
-ikuilt
translative -ikuks -ikuteks
-ikuiks
terminative -ikuni -ikuteni
essive -ikuna -ikutena
abessive -ikuta -ikuteta
comitative -ikuga -ikutega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ik

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /-ɪk/
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

-ik

  1. forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
  2. forms feminine collective nouns
  3. forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -ik

Hungarian

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “We seem to be missing an etym section for the intransitive (reflexive?) verb-forming suffix -ik, as documented in the Etymology section in -zik.”

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective suffix.

Suffix

-ik

  2. (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix. Specifies which one of a specific set of things/persons. Used with adjectives. See usage notes below.
    rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)
    más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)
    A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).
Usage notes
  • (adjective-forming suffix) The -ik creates a determining or specifying adjective from a comparative adjective so it will answer the question melyik? (“which?”). In a few cases it takes not a comparative but a positive adjective, which already incorporates the idea of comparison (e.g. más (“different”)). It is very often used with a definite article (a/az (“the”)).
Derived terms
Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ik
Hungarian pronouns suffixed with -ik

Etymology 2

Possessive suffix.

Suffix

-ik

  2. possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
    1. their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
      kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)
      érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)
    2. (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
      kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
      érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)
Usage notes
  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
    -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

Etymology 3

Personal suffix.

Suffix

-ik

  2. (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
    Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.
  4. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
    Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják
    Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)]
Usage notes

The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.

Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person Back
    vowel     		Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.
    Present tense definite – personal endings
Person Back vowel Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -od -ed -öd
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular or
formal 2nd person singular 		-ja -i
mi 1st person plural -juk -jük
ti 2nd person plural -játok -itek
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural or
formal 2nd person plural 		-ják -ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ik

See also

Indonesian

Etymology

From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix

-ik

  1. -ic.
    analitik ― analytic

Usage notes

The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.

Derived terms

Category Indonesian terms suffixed with -ik not found

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ik

  1. Alternative form of -y

Etymology 2

From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ik

  1. Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.
Derived terms
Middle English terms suffixed with -ik
Descendants
  • English: -ic
References

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ikъ

Suffix

-ik

  1. Forms nouns, often diminutive.

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -ik

Descendants

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Pronunciation

Template:pl-p

Suffix

-ik m

  1. Forms nouns, often diminutive.
    ‎słodki + ‎-ik → ‎słodzik

Declension

(personal nouns)

Declension of -ik
singular plural
nominative -ik -icy/-iki (deprecative)
genitive -ika -ików
dative -ikowi -ikom
accusative -ika -ików
instrumental -ikiem -ikami
locative -iku -ikach
vocative -iku -icy

(other nouns)

Declension of -ik
singular plural
nominative -ik -iki
genitive -ika -ików
dative -ikowi -ikom
accusative -ik -iki
instrumental -ikiem -ikami
locative -iku -ikach
vocative -iku -iki

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ik

Further reading

  • -ik in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • -ik in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Suffix

-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.

See also

Slovak

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Suffix

-ik m

  1. Alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong.
    ‎vták + ‎-ik → ‎vtáčik
    ‎hriešny + ‎-ik → ‎hriešnik

Etymology 2

From Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Suffix

-ik m

  1. Fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed
    ‎akadémia + ‎-ik → ‎akademik

Declension

  • Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:
Declension of -ik
singular plural
nominative -ik -iky
genitive -ika -ikov
dative -iku -ikom
accusative -ik -iky
locative -iku -ikoch
instrumental -ikom -ikmi
  • Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:
Declension of -ik
singular plural
nominative -ik -ici
genitive -ika -ikov
dative -ikovi -ikom
accusative -ika -ikov
locative -ikovi -ikoch
instrumental -ikom -ikmi

Further reading

  • Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
  • -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Turkish

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
-ık -ik -uk -ük

Etymology 1

Front unrounded variant of -ık. From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik), from Proto-Turkic *-uk[1].

Pronunciation

Suffix

Form of -ık after the vowels E / İ.

  1. Derives participle forms of verbs; adjectival and/or resulting state or product of the action.
    ‎değiş- (“intransitive; to change”) + ‎-ik → ‎değişik (“different, varied”)

Etymology 2

From French -ique, from Latin -icus.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ik

  1. -ic
  2. -ical
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -ik

References

  1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+Uk" - in Nişanyan Sözlük

Veps

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Presumably related to Finnish -ko.

Particle

-ik

  1. Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.

Volapük

Suffix

-ik

  1. Used to form adjectives and determiners.
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