User:Curoi/List of former National Monuments of the United States

Former Monuments

Monument Name	Photo	Date Established	Date Redesignated/ Incorporated	Status, Agency	Location	Description
Ackia Battleground		1938	1961	National Parkway, NPS	Mississippi 34.278°N 88.742°W / 34.278; -88.742 (Ackia Battleground)
Arches		April 12, 1929	November 12, 1971	National Park, NPS	Utah 38.68°N 109.57°W / 38.68; -109.57 (Arches)	This site features more than 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the famous Delicate Arch. In a desert climate, millions of years of erosion have led to these structures, and the arid ground has life-sustaining soil crust and potholes, which serve as natural water-collecting basins. Other geologic formations are stone columns, spires, fins, and towers.
Badlands		March 4, 1929	November 10, 1978	National Park, NPS	South Dakota 43.75°N 102.50°W / 43.75; -102.50 (Badlands)	The Badlands are a collection of buttes, pinnacles, spires, and grass prairies. It has the world's richest fossil beds from the Oligocene epoch, and the wildlife includes bison, bighorn sheep, black-footed ferrets, and swift foxes.
Becharof		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Wildlife Refuge, FWS	Alaska 58.00°N 156.25°W / 58.00; -156.25 (Becharof)
Bering Land Bridge		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Preserve, NPS	Alaska 65.833°N 164.167°W / 65.833; -164.167 (Bering Land Bridge)
Big Hole Battlefield		June 23, 1910	May 17, 1963	National Battlefield, NPS	Montana 46.638°N 113.644°W / 46.638; -113.644 (Big Hole Battlefield)
Biscayne		October 18, 1968	June 28, 1980	National Park, NPS	Florida 25.65°N 80.08°W / 25.65; -80.08 (Biscayne)	Located in Biscayne Bay, this park at the north end of the Florida Keys has four interrelated marine ecosystems: mangrove forest, the Bay, the Keys, and coral reefs. Threatened animals include the West Indian manatee, American crocodile, various sea turtles, and peregrine falcon.
Black Canyon of the Gunnison		March 2, 1933	October 21, 1999	National Park, NPS	Colorado 38.57°N 107.72°W / 38.57; -107.72 (Black Canyon of the Gunnison)	The park protects a quarter of the Gunnison River, which slices sheer canyon walls from dark Precambrian-era rock. The canyon features incredibly steep descents, and is a popular site for river rafting and rock climbing. The deep, narrow canyon, made of gneiss and schist, is often in shadow and therefore appears black.
Bryce Canyon		June 8, 1923	February 25, 1928	National Park, NPS	Utah 37.57°N 112.18°W / 37.57; -112.18 (Bryce Canyon)	Bryce Canyon is a giant geological amphitheater on the Paunsaugunt Plateau. The unique area has hundreds of tall sandstone hoodoos formed by erosion. The region was originally settled by Native Americans and later by Mormon pioneers.
Capitol Reef		August 2, 1937	December 18, 1971	National Park, NPS	Utah 38.20°N 111.17°W / 38.20; -111.17 (Capitol Reef)	The park's Waterpocket Fold is a 100-mile (160 km) monocline that exhibits the earth's diverse geologic layers. Other natural features are monoliths, sandstone domes, and cliffs shaped like the United States Capitol.
Carlsbad Cave		October 25, 1923	May 14, 1930	National Park, NPS	New Mexico 32.17°N 104.44°W / 32.17; -104.44 (Carlsbad Caverns)	Carlsbad Caverns has 117 caves, the longest of which is over 120 miles (190 km) long. The Big Room is almost 4,000 feet (1,200 m) long, and the caves are home to over 400,000 Mexican free-tailed bats and sixteen other species. Above ground are the Chihuahuan Desert and Rattlesnake Springs. (WHS)
Castle Pinckney		October 15, 1924	March 29, 1956	NRHP, Sons of Confederate Veterans	South Carolina 32.774°N 79.911°W / 32.774; -79.911 (Castle Pinckney)
Channel Islands		April 26, 1938	March 5, 1980	National Park, NPS	California 34.01°N 119.42°W / 34.01; -119.42 (Channel Islands)	Five of the eight Channel Islands are protected, and half of the park's area is underwater. The islands have a unique Mediterranean ecosystem originally settled by the Chumash people. They are home to over 2,000 species of land plants and animals, and 145 are unique to them, including the island fox. Professional ferry services offer transportation to the islands from the mainland.
Chaco Canyon		March 11, 1907	December 19, 1980	National Historical Park, NPS	New Mexico 36.06°N 107.97°W / 36.06; -107.97 (Chaco Canyon)
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal		January 18, 1961	January 8, 1971	National Historical Park, NPS	Maryland, Washington, D.C. 38.900°N 77.058°W / 38.900; -77.058 (Chesapeake and Ohio Canal)
Congaree Swamp		October 18, 1976	November 10, 2003	National Park, NPS	South Carolina 33.78°N 80.78°W / 33.78; -80.78 (Congaree)	On the Congaree River, this park is the largest portion of old-growth floodplain forest left in North America. Some of the trees are the tallest in the Eastern US. An elevated walkway called the Boardwalk Loop guides visitors through the swamp.
Colonial		December 30, 1930	June 5, 1936	National Historical Park, NPS/ Preservation Virginia	Virginia 37.219°N 76.518°W / 37.219; -76.518 (Colonial)
Cinder Cone		May 6, 1907	August 9, 1916	National Park, NPS	California 40.547°N 121.320°W / 40.547; -121.320 (Colonial)	Lassen Peak, the largest plug dome volcano in the world, is joined by all three other types of volcanoes in this park: shield, cinder dome, and composite. Though Lassen itself last erupted in 1915, most of the rest of the park is continuously active: numerous hydrothermal features, including fumaroles, boiling pools, and bubbling mud pots, are heated by molten rock from beneath the peak.
Death Valley		February 11, 1933	October 31, 1994	National Park, NPS	California, Nevada 36.24°N 116.82°W / 36.24; -116.82 (Death Valley)	Death Valley is the hottest, lowest, and driest place in the United States. Daytime temperatures have topped 130 °F (54 °C) and it is home to Badwater Basin, the lowest elevation in North America. A diversity of colorful canyons, desolate badlands, shifting sand dunes, sprawling mountains, and over 1000 species of plants populate this geologic graben. Additional points of interest include salt flats, historic mines, and springs.
Denali		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Park, NPS	Alaska 63.33°N 150.50°W / 63.33; -150.50 (Denali)	Centered on Denali, the tallest mountain in North America, Denali is serviced by a single road leading to Wonder Lake. Denali and other peaks of the Alaska Range are covered with long glaciers and boreal forest. Wildlife includes grizzly bears, Dall sheep, caribou, and gray wolves.
Edison Laboratory		July 14, 1956	September 5, 1962	National Historical Park, NPS	New Jersey
Father Millet Cross		September 5, 1925	September 7, 1949	State Park, New York	New York
First State		March 25, 2013	December 19, 2014	National Park, NPS	Delaware
Fort Jefferson		January 4, 1935	October 26, 1992	National Park, NPS	Florida 24.63°N 82.87°W / 24.63; -82.87 (Dry Tortugas)	The islands of the Dry Tortugas, at the westernmost end of the Florida Keys, are the site of Fort Jefferson, a Civil War-era fort that is the largest masonry structure in the Western Hemisphere. With most of the park being remote ocean, it is home to undisturbed coral reefs and shipwrecks and is only accessible by plane or boat.
Fort Laramie		July 16, 1938	April 29, 1960	National Historical Site, NPS	Wyoming
Fossil Cycad		October 21, 1922	September 1, 1957	BLM	South Dakota
Gates of the Arctic		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Park and Preserve, NPS	Alaska 67.78°N 153.30°W / 67.78; -153.30 (Gates of the Arctic)	The country's northernmost park protects an expanse of pure wilderness in Alaska's Brooks Range and has no park facilities. The land is home to Alaska natives, who have relied on the land and caribou for 11,000 years.
Glacier Bay		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Park and Preserve, NPS	Alaska 58.50°N 137.00°W / 58.50; -137.00 (Glacier Bay)	Glacier Bay has numerous tidewater glaciers, mountains, fjords, and a temperate rainforest, and is home to large populations of grizzly bears, mountain goats, whales, seals, and eagles. When discovered in 1794 by George Vancouver, the entire bay was covered in ice, but the glaciers have since receded more than 65 miles (105 km). (WHS)
Grand Canyon		January 11, 1908	February 26, 1919	National Park, NPS	Arizona 36.06°N 112.14°W / 36.06; -112.14 (Grand Canyon)	The Grand Canyon, carved by the mighty Colorado River, is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 1 mile (1.6 km) deep, and up to 15 miles (24 km) wide. Millions of years of erosion have exposed the colorful layers of the Colorado Plateau in countless mesas and canyon walls, visible from both the north and south rims, or from a number of trails that descend into the canyon itself. (WHS)
Grand Canyon "II"		December 22, 1932	January 3, 1975	National Park, NPS	Arizona 36.06°N 112.14°W / 36.06; -112.14 (Grand Canyon)	The Grand Canyon, carved by the mighty Colorado River, is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 1 mile (1.6 km) deep, and up to 15 miles (24 km) wide. Millions of years of erosion have exposed the colorful layers of the Colorado Plateau in countless mesas and canyon walls, visible from both the north and south rims, or from a number of trails that descend into the canyon itself. (WHS)
Great Sand Dunes		March 17, 1932	September 13, 2004	National Park, NPS	Colorado 37.73°N 105.51°W / 37.73; -105.51 (Great Sand Dunes)	The tallest sand dunes in North America, up to 750 feet (230 m) tall, were formed by deposits of the ancient Rio Grande in the San Luis Valley. Abutting a variety of grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands, the park also has alpine lakes, six 13,000-foot mountains, and old-growth forests.
Harpers Ferry		June 30, 1944	1950	National Historical Park, NPS	Virginia, West Virginia
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad		March 25, 2013	December 19, 2014	National Historical Park, NPS	Maryland
Holy Cross		May 11, 1929	1963	Wilderness Area, USFS	Colorado
Jackson Hole		March 15, 1943	September 14, 1950	National Park, NPS	Wyoming 43.73°N 110.80°W / 43.73; -110.80 (Grand Teton)	Grand Teton is the tallest mountain in the Teton Range. The park's historic Jackson Hole and reflective piedmont lakes teem with unique wildlife and contrast with the dramatic mountains, which rise abruptly from the sage-covered valley below.
Joshua Tree		August 10, 1936	October 31, 1994	National Park, NPS	California 33.79°N 115.90°W / 33.79; -115.90 (Joshua Tree)	Covering large areas of the Colorado and Mojave Deserts and the Little San Bernardino Mountains, this exotic desert landscape is populated by vast stands of the famous Joshua tree. Great changes in elevation reveal starkly contrasting environments including bleached sand dunes, dry lakes, rugged mountains, and maze-like clusters of monzogranite monoliths.
Katmai		September 24, 1918	December 2, 1980	National Park, NPS	Alaska 58.50°N 155.00°W / 58.50; -155.00 (Katmai)	This park on the Alaska Peninsula protects the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, an ash flow formed by the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, as well as Mount Katmai. Over 2,000 grizzly bears come here each year to catch spawning salmon. Other wildlife includes caribou, wolves, moose, and wolverines.
Kenai Fjords		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Park, NPS	Alaska 59.92°N 149.65°W / 59.92; -149.65 (Kenai Fjords)	Near Seward on the Kenai Peninsula, this park protects the Harding Icefield and at least 38 glaciers and fjords stemming from it. The only area accessible to the public by road is Exit Glacier; the rest must be viewed or reached from boat tours.
Kobuk Valley		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Park, NPS	Alaska 67.55°N 159.28°W / 67.55; -159.28 (Kobuk Valley)	Kobuk Valley protects 61 miles (98 km) of the Kobuk River and three regions of sand dunes. Created by glaciers, the Great Kobuk, Little Kobuk, and Hunt River Sand Dunes can reach 100 feet (30 m) high and 100 °F (38 °C), and they are the largest dunes in the Arctic. Twice a year, half a million caribou migrate through the dunes and across river bluffs that expose well-preserved ice age fossils.
Lake Clark		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Park, NPS	Alaska 60.96667°N 153.41667°W / 60.96667; -153.41667 (Lake Clark)
Lassen Peak		May 6, 1907	August 9, 1916	National Park, NPS	California 40.48806°N 121.50500°W / 40.48806; -121.50500 (Lassen Peak)	Lassen Peak, the largest plug dome volcano in the world, is joined by all three other types of volcanoes in this park: shield, cinder dome, and composite. Though Lassen itself last erupted in 1915, most of the rest of the park is continuously active: numerous hydrothermal features, including fumaroles, boiling pools, and bubbling mud pots, are heated by molten rock from beneath the peak.
Lehman Caves		January 24, 1922	October 27, 1986	National Park, NPS	Nevada 38.98°N 114.30°W / 38.98; -114.30 (Great Basin)	Based around Nevada's second tallest mountain, Wheeler Peak, Great Basin National Park contains 5,000-year-old bristlecone pines, a rock glacier, and the limestone Lehman Caves. It also enjoys some of the country's darkest night skies. Animals which call the park home include Townsend's big-eared bat, pronghorn, and Bonneville cutthroat trout.
Lewis and Clark Cavern		May 11, 1908	August 24, 1937	State Park, Montana	Montana
Marble Canyon		January 20, 1969	January 3, 1975	National Park, NPS	Arizona 36.06°N 112.14°W / 36.06; -112.14 (Grand Canyon)	The Grand Canyon, carved by the mighty Colorado River, is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 1 mile (1.6 km) deep, and up to 15 miles (24 km) wide. Millions of years of erosion have exposed the colorful layers of the Colorado Plateau in countless mesas and canyon walls, visible from both the north and south rims, or from a number of trails that descend into the canyon itself. (WHS)
Meriwether Lewis		February 6, 1925	August 10, 1961	National Parkway, NPS	Tennessee
Minidoka Internment		January 17, 2001	May 8, 2008	National Historic Site, NPS	Idaho
Mound City Group		March 2, 1932	May 27, 1992	National Historical Park, NPS	Ohio
Mount Olympus		March 2, 1909	June 29, 1938	National Park, NPS	Washington 47.97°N 123.50°W / 47.97; -123.50 (Olympic)	Situated on the Olympic Peninsula, this park straddles a diversity of ecosystems from Pacific shoreline to temperate rainforests to the alpine slopes of Mount Olympus. The scenic Olympic Mountains overlook the Hoh Rain Forest and Quinault Rain Forest, the wettest area in the continental United States. (WHS)
Mukuntuweap/ Zion		July 31, 1909	November 19, 1919	National Park, NPS	Utah 37.30°N 113.05°W / 37.30; -113.05 (Zion)	Located at the junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert, this geological wonder has colorful sandstone canyons, mountainous mesas, and countless rock towers. Natural arches and exposed plateau formations compose a large wilderness roughly divided into four ecosystems: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest.
Noatak		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Preserve, NPS	Alaska
Old Kaasan		October 25, 1916	July 26, 1955	National Forest, USFS	Alaska
Papago Saguaro		1914	April 7, 1930	Municipal Park, Arizona, City of Tempe, Water Users Association	Arizona
Patrick Henry		August 15, 1935	December 21, 1944	National Memorial, Patrick Henry Memorial Foundation	Virginia
Pecos		June 28, 1965	July 2, 1991	National Historical Park, NPS	New Mexico
Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial		June 2, 1936	October 15, 1966	National Memorial, NPS	Ohio
Petrified Forest		Arizona 35.07°N 109.78°W / 35.07; -109.78 (Petrified Forest)	December 9, 1962	93,532.57 acres (378.5 km2)	836,799	This portion of the Chinle Formation has a great concentration of 225-million-year-old petrified wood. The surrounding Painted Desert features eroded cliffs of wonderfully red-hued volcanic rock called bentonite. There are also dinosaur fossils and over 350 Native American sites.
Pinnacles		January 16, 1908	January 10, 2013	National Park, NPS	California 36.48°N 121.16°W / 36.48; -121.16 (Pinnacles)	Named for the eroded leftovers of a portion of an extinct volcano, the park is famous for its massive black and gold monoliths of andesite and rhyolite, which are popular with rock climbers, and a hiker's paradise of quiet trails crossing scenic Coast Range wilderness. The park is home to the endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) and one of the few locations in the world where these extremely rare birds can be seen in the wild. Pinnacles also supports a dense population of prairie falcons, and more than 13 species of bat which populate its talus caves.
Saguaro		Arizona 32.25°N 110.50°W / 32.25; -110.50 (Saguaro)	October 14, 1994	91,439.71 acres (370.0 km2)	673,572	Split into the separate Rincon Mountain and Tucson Mountain districts, this park is evidence that the dry Sonoran Desert is still home to a great variety of life spanning six biotic communities. Beyond the namesake giant saguaro cacti, there are barrel cacti, chollas, and prickly pears, as well as lesser long-nosed bats, spotted owls, and javelinas.
Santa Rosa Island		May 17, 1939	July 30, 1946	National Seashore, NPS	Florida
Shoshone Cavern		September 21, 1909	March 17, 1954	BLM	Wyoming
Sieur de Monts		Maine 44.35°N 68.21°W / 44.35; -68.21 (Acadia)	February 26, 1919	47,389.67 acres (191.8 km2)	2,563,129	Covering most of Mount Desert Island and other coastal islands, Acadia features the tallest mountain on the Atlantic coast of the United States, granite peaks, ocean shoreline, woodlands, and lakes. There are freshwater, estuary, forest, and intertidal habitats.
Sitka		March 23, 1910	October 18, 1972	National Historical Park, NPS	Alaska
Tumacácori (Kino Missions)		September 15, 1908	August 6, 1990	National Historical Park, NPS	Arizona
Verendrye		June 29, 1917	July 30, 1956	Fort Berthold Indian Reservation	North Dakota
Wheeler		December 7, 1908	August 3, 1950	National Forest, USFS	Colorado
Whitman Mission		1936	January 1, 1963	National Historic Site, NPS	Washington
Wrangell–​St. Elias		Alaska 61.00°N 142.00°W / 61.00; -142.00 (Wrangell – St. Elias)	December 2, 1980	8,323,147.59 acres (33,682.6 km2)	74,722	An immense plot of mountainous country protects the convergence of the Alaska, Chugach, and Wrangell-Saint Elias Ranges, which include many of the continent's tallest mountains and volcanoes, including the 18,008-foot Mount Saint Elias. More than a quarter of the park is covered with glaciers, including the tidewater Hubbard Glacier, piedmont Malaspina Glacier, and valley Nabesna Glacier. (WHS)
Yukon–Charley Rivers		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Preserve, NPS	Alaska
Yukon Flats		December 1, 1978	December 2, 1980	National Wildlife Refuge, FWS	Alaska
Zion 'II' (Kolob Section)		1937	1956	National Park, NPS	Utah 37.30°N 113.05°W / 37.30; -113.05 (Zion)	Located at the junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert, this geological wonder has colorful sandstone canyons, mountainous mesas, and countless rock towers. Natural arches and exposed plateau formations compose a large wilderness roughly divided into four ecosystems: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest.