Pavel Rybalko

Pavel Semyonovich Rybalko
Rybalko in 1938
Born	4 November [O.S. 23 October] 1894 Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
Died	28 August 1948(1948-08-28) (aged 53) Moscow, USSR
Allegiance	Soviet Union
Years of service	1914–1948
Rank	Marshal of the armored troops
Commands	3rd Tank Army 57th Army 3rd Guards Tank Army
Battles / wars	World War I Russian Civil War Polish–Soviet War World War II Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive Vistula–Oder Offensive Upper Silesian Offensive Battle of Berlin Prague Offensive
Awards	Hero of the Soviet Union (2)
Other work	Commander of Armoured Forces of the Red Army

Pavel Semyonovich Rybalko (Russian: Па́вел Семёнович Рыба́лко, Ukrainian: Павло́ Семе́нович Риба́лко; 23 October 1894 – 28 August 1948) was a commander of armoured troops in the Red Army during and following World War II.

Early life and career

Pavel Rybalko served in the Russian and later the Soviet Army from 1914. He served during World War I as a soldier, as an assistant commander of the partisan squadron during the Russian Civil War, and as a cavalry commander and a commander and instructor during the Polish-Soviet War. After attending the Frunze Military Academy in 1931 to 1934, he served in the Far East in 1935 and was afterwards assigned to the Auto-Armoured Tank Directorate in Moscow.

During that period, he studied intensively the principles of modern armoured warfare, as developed by the western theorists (Generals von Kleist, Guderian and Fuller), as well as the doctrine of "deep operations," as theorized by Triandafillov and Tukhachevsky. His next assignments were as military attaché in Poland, where he was the last military attaché and left a few days before the Soviet invasion, and in China. He then took a post of lecturer in tactics at the Kazan tank school.

World War II

Very surprisingly and to his extreme frustration, Rybalko spent the first year of the war as a lecturer in Kazan. He finally got an operational assignment in May 1942, as deputy commander of the 3rd Tank Army of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. Throughout the war, Rybalko's name was closely associated with the 3rd Tank Army. In the winter of 1942–1943, included in the Voronezh Front, his army spearheaded the different operations that tried to exploit and transform the Germans' defeat in Stalingrad into a large-scale strategic victory in the southern theater of operations. That included Operation Star in February, which was aimed at the liberation of Kharkov, one of the first major Soviet cities to be reconquered by the Red Army. However, Erich von Manstein's counteroffensive recaptured the city and inflicted serious damages to the exhausted and overextended 3rd Tank Army.

Commander of the 3rd Tank Army, Pavel Rybalko among the tank soldiers, Spring 1943

Refitted and renamed the 3rd Guards Tank Army, Rybalko's army played crucial roles in the strategic counteroffensives that followed the Battle of Kursk (Operation Kutuzov), in the recapture of Kiev (6 November 1943). The winter and the spring of 1944 saw a succession of large operations, aiming at the destruction of the southern wing of the Wehrmacht. Operations (Zhitomir-Berdichev in December 1943 to January 1944 and Proskurov-Chernivtsi in March to April 1944) succeeded at least in the complete liberation of Ukraine by the end of the summer. During the various operations, Rybalko showed impressive tactical and operational skills, particularly during the Lvov-Sandomierz Operation.

Still in command of his 3rd Guards Tank Army, Rybalko took a major place in the various operations that were launched in North Ukraine: Galicia (summer 1944) and Silesia (late 1944 and winter 1945). Finally, as part of Ivan Konev's 1st Ukrainian Front, Rybalko's army was one of the four Guards Tank armies engaged in the giant Battle for Berlin.

Immediately after the capture of Berlin, Rybalko and his tank army were tasked with the assault on the city in the Prague offensive and on 9 May liberated Prague.

Postwar

After the war, he became commander of the mechanized forces of the Red Army.

Grave of Pavel Rybalko at the Novodevichy Cemetery

He emerged from the war as one of the most brilliant Soviet tank commanders. He fully understood the nature of armoured warfare and mastered the operational aspects of armoured armies command.

He died in 1948 of kidney disease and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery.

Legacy

The Tashkent Higher Tank Command School is named after him.

Awards and decorations

Soviet Union

	Hero of the Soviet Union, twice (17 November 1943, 6 April 1945)
	Order of Lenin, twice (17 November 1943, 21 February 1945)
	Order of the Red Banner, thrice (1921, 3 November 1944, 1948)
	Order of Suvorov, 1st class, thrice (28 January 1943, 25 August 1944, 29 May 1945)
	Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (27 August 1943)
	Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 1st class (29 May 1944)
	Medal "For the Defence of Moscow" (1 May 1944)
	Medal "For the Defence of Stalingrad" (22 December 1942)
	Medal "For the Liberation of Prague" (9 June 1945)
	Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" (9 June 1945)
	Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1945)
	Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (24 January 1938)
	Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy" (22 February 1948)
	Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow" (20 September 1947)

Foreign

	Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion (Czechoslovakia)
	Military Order of the White Lion "For Victory", 2nd class (Czechoslovakia)
	War Cross 1939–1945, twice (Czechoslovakia)
	Knight of the Virtuti Militari (Poland)
	Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 3rd class (Poland)
	Medal "For Oder, Neisse and the Baltic" (Poland)
	Medal of Victory and Freedom 1945 (Poland)

External links

• (in English) Biography on Generals.dk
• (in Russian) Biography
• Stalin's Generals, Harold Shukman Ed, Richard Woff, Phoenix Book, 2001
• Red Army Tank Commanders, Richard N. Armstrong, Schiffer Publishing, 1994