Parsec (parser)

Parsec

Original author(s)	Daan Leijen, Paolo Martini, Antoine Latter
Developer(s)	Herbert Valerio Riedel, Derek Elkins, Antoine Latter, Roman Cheplyaka, Ryan Scott
Initial release	November 2, 2006 (2006-11-02)
Stable release	3.1.17.0 / April 5, 2024 (2024-04-05)
Repository	github.com/haskell/parsec
Written in	Haskell
Operating system	Linux, macOS, Windows
Platform	Haskell Platform
Available in	English
Type	Parser combinator, library
License	BSD-2-clause
Website	hackage.haskell.org/package/parsec

Parsec is a library for writing parsers written in the programming language Haskell. It is based on higher-order parser combinators, so a complicated parser can be made out of many smaller ones. It has been reimplemented in many other languages, including Erlang, Elixir, OCaml, Racket, F#, and the imperative programming languages C#, and Java.

Because a parser combinator-based program is generally slower than a parser generator-based program, Parsec is normally used for small domain-specific languages, while Happy is used for compilers such as the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC).

Other Haskell parser combinator libraries that have been derived from Parsec include Megaparsec and Attoparsec.

Parsec is free software released under the BSD-3-Clause license.

Example

Parsers written in Parsec start with simpler parsers, such as ones that recognize certain strings, and combine them to build a parser with more complicated behavior. For example, digit parses a digit, and string parses a specific string (like "hello").

Parser combinator libraries like Parsec provide utility functions to run the parsers on real values. A parser to recognize a single digit from a string can be split into two functions: one to create the parser, and a main function that calls one of these utility functions (parse in this case) to run the parser:

import Text.Parsec      -- has general parsing utility functions
import Text.Parsec.Char -- contains specific basic combinators
type Parser = Stream s m Char => ParsecT s u m String

parser :: Parser
parser = string "hello"

main :: IO ()
main = print (parse parser "<test>" "hello world")
-- prints 'Right "hello"'

We define a Parser type to make the type signature of parser easier to read. If we wanted to alter this program, say to read either the string "hello" or the string "goodbye", we could use the operator <|>, provided by the Alternative typeclass, to combine two parsers into a single parser that tries either:

parser = string "hello" <|> string "goodbye"

External links

• Parsec on the Haskell wiki
• Parsec on Hackage
• parsec on GitHub