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Naples Metro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the rapid transit system. For metro city, see Metropolitan City of Naples.
Naples Metro
Toledo Station on Line 1
Toledo Station on Line 1
Overview
Native nameMetropolitana di Napoli
LocaleNaples, Campania, Italy
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3
Number of stations30
Websitewww.metropolitanadinapoli.it
Operation
Began operation1993
Operator(s)Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (Line 1 and 6)
Ente Autonomo Volturno (Line 11)
Technical
System length34.5 km
System map

The Naples Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Napoli) is a rapid transit system serving the city of Naples, Campania, Italy and some parts of the adjacent comuni of its metropolitan area through Line 11. The system comprises three underground rapid transit lines (Line 1, Line 6 and Line 11).

It is the third largest underground network in Italy, behind Milan and Rome.

History

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In 1911, construction on the urban section of the Rome–Formia–Naples railway, the Villa Literno–Napoli Gianturco railway was commenced, and although it was suspended for the duration of World War I, the line was eventually opened on 28 September 1925 as an urban railway service line, the first in Italy.[1] This service is now known as Line 2.

After World War II, the existing Circumvesuviana railway was upgraded to a modern commuter rail, and also the Cumana railway became relevant for the commuter transport. In 1962, the Circumflegrea railway was opened.[2]

Construction of the first underground metro railway (Line 1) began in 1976, and the first part opened on 28 March 1993.[3] Initially called the Metropolitana Collinare ("Hills metro") it ran for 4 km (2.5 mi) between Colli Aminei and Vanvitelli.[4] Two years later, in 1995, the line was extended to reach Piscinola[4] giving an overall track length of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi).[5]

Although progress had been made from the early setbacks and problems, it was still apparent by 1997 that the network suffered badly from the lack of network integration and poor connections, as well as the fact that large areas of Naples were not close to stations. In 1997, the city government drew up a new Piano Comunale dei Trasporti di Napoli (City Transport Plan) which called for a review of the network, improved controls over maintenance expenditure and general finances, a new tariff control system and better management of the urban rail network of Naples.[6]

The transport plan called for a three phase major redevelopment. Phase 1 would involve an expansion to a total of five lines, including major redevelopment of Line 1, and take the network up to 53 km (33 mi) of track (45 km (28 mi) of existing lines), with 68 stations (23 newly built), and 12 interchange nodes, to be completed by 2001. Phase 2 was designed to increase the network to 7 lines, with 84 stations, and 16 interchange nodes, plus 10 bus interchanges, to be completed by 2007. Phase 3 would see the network expanded to 10 rail lines with 93 km (58 mi) of track, and a further 30 km (19 mi) of new light rail (tram lines) linking 114 stations, with 21 interchanges, and 24 bus interchanges to be completed by 2011. The plan called for 70% of Neapolitans to be living within 500 metres of a transport access point by 2011.[5]

In conjunction with the regional government of Campania, the comune government of Naples incorporated a new fully state-controlled joint-stock corporation called Metronapoli, which was 99% controlled by the comune and 1% controlled by ANM (Azienda Napoletana Mobilità), with a mission statement of: "providing an efficient public rail transport service of quality to the city".

In 2000, a new line, Line 9, was proposed. Intended to connect the National Archaeological Museum via the Museo di Capodimonte, providing an alternative route to part of Line 1, the project was abandoned.

Metronapoli took over responsibility for running the urban rail transport network of Naples as part of a planned massive re-invigoration of public transport in the Campania region, on 1 February 2001. The regional government announced a rivoluzione del ferro (rail revolution) which involved a planned expansion of the region's network at a cost of €3.8 billion, and would see the construction of 1,400 km (870 mi) of new tracks and 80 new stations for a total of 423 stations on the network within Campania.

On 14 April 2001, service on Line 1 was extended from Vanvitelli to Museum (Museo) station.[4]

In 2005, Line 11 opened between Piscinola and Mugnano stations.

On 3 December 2005, the CIPE (Interdepartmental Committee for Economic Planning) announced over €600 million worth of funding to be spent the Metropolitana di Napoli network. €323 million was allocated for Montesanto station (Cumana and Circumflegrea), €61.1 million for Quattro Giornate station (Line 1 and Circumflegrea), with both projects to be completed by 2010, as well as €119.7 million to be spent to improve the section of Line 1 between Capodichino and Centro Direzionale and €100 million for the San Pasquale–Municipio section.[7]

From 23 December 2006 to 20 February 2007, a special exhibition of models and multimedia presentations was held at Castel dell'Ovo to showcase all of the planned improvements to the Metropolitana di Napoli network, and was extremely well received by locals.

Line 6, which is categorized as a "light metro" line, opened in February 2007, running on 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) of route and serving 4 stations.[8]

In 2009, Line 11 extended to Aversa Centro station.

On 28 March 2011, Line 1 was extended from Museo station to Università. On 17 September 2012, the Toledo station between Dante and Università opened on Line 1.[4] On 31 December 2013, Line 1 was extended to Garibaldi right next to the central train station. On 2 June 2015, the station Municipio (Town Hall) was opened between Università and Toledo on Line 1. In August 2021, Duomo Station began operating, its steel and glass dome delayed by subterranean archeological discoveries and related funding and construction pressures.

On 16 July 2024, Line 6 was extended from Mergellina to Municipio.[9][10][11][12]

Operator

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Azienda Napoletana Mobilità is currently responsible for the transport services and maintenance of Line 1, Line 6, pedestrian subways, and the funicular railways (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto).

Ente Autonomo Volturno is currently responsible for the transport services and maintenance of Line 11 and pedestrian subways.

Infrastructure

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See also: List of Naples Metro stations

Lines

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The Naples Metro currently operates on four lines.

Map


Line Opened Length Stations Average weekday
ridership 		Yearly ridership
(millions)
Line 1 1993[4] 18.8 km (11.7 mi)[13] 19[14] 180,000[13] 41.094[15]
Line 6 2007[16] 5.5 km (3.4 mi)[13] 8[16] 3,000 1.095
Line 10 Under construction 12.3 km (7.6 mi)[17] 13 (planned)[17] – –
Line 11 2005[16] 10.3 km (6.4 mi)[13] 5[16] 4,124 1.505

Projected line extensions

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Projected Metro Line 1

Extension work is underway on Line 1 between Garibaldi and Capodichino (Naples International Airport). By 2027, Line 1 will become a circular line of 25 km (15.5 mi).[18] In December 2024, Centro Direzionale station is set to be inaugurated.

On Line 2, the Galileo Ferraris Station is under construction.

On Line 11, extension work is underway after Aversa Centro station.

In July 2020, a new 13 km (8.1 mi), 13 station metro line was announced; Line 10, linking Naples city centre to the Napoli Afragola railway station (which opened in 2017) via the adjacent city of Afragola.[19] Construction on this line could begin as soon as 2025, and is expected to generate 150,000 daily passengers, or 43 million annually.

Rolling stock

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  • Line 1: CAF Inneo, AnsaldoBreda Metronapoli M1 (in dismissal)
  • Line 6: T67
  • Line 11: ACOTRAL MA 100, CAF Inneo (As of September 2024, not yet in operation).
  • Line 1
    Line 1
  • Line 6
    Line 6
  • Line 11
    Line 11

Travelling

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Ticketing

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A train (Line 1) arriving at the Vanvitelli station.

To use the service for a single trip, an ANM type "B" single journey ticket is required, priced at 1.50 euros. Valid for travel on the metro network are the daily and weekly tickets, as well as the monthly and annual passes issued by ANM (for Lines 1 and 6) and EAV (for line 11), in addition to integrated tickets and passes from the UnicoCampania system.

Operations

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Line 1 operates from 6:00 AM, with service ending around 1:30 AM on Fridays and Saturdays, and at 11:00 PM from Sunday to Thursday.[20] Headways on Line 1 are generally between 7–10 minutes.[21][16] Commercial speeds on Line 1 are 32 km/h (20 mph).[16] Line 6 begins service daily at 7:30 AM and, as of August 2024, temporarily ends around 3:00 PM, with plans to extend the service into the late evening hours once fully operational.[22] Finally, for Line 11, the service starts daily at 6:00 AM and concludes at 10:00 PM.[23]

These schedules are maintained consistently throughout the year without interruptions.

Artwork

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Main article: Art Stations of the Naples Metro
Reproduction of the Farnese Hercules, displayed in the atrium of Museo station.
Detail of the Ceres level of Chiaia station, featuring reproductions of statues from the Farnese collection.

Line 1 and 6 have been renamed "Metrò dell'Arte" (Art Metros) reflecting the fact that ten stations exhibit works of art. These include both permanent exhibits and the provision for temporary displays. With the construction and enhancement of the various lines, the Municipality of Naples launched the Stazioni dell'arte (Piano delle 100 stazioni),[24] which involves commissioning well-known contemporary artists and architects to design the stations. Subsequently, the Campania region issued a resolution (Resolution of 19/05/2006 No. 637[25]) outlining guidelines for the design and construction of stations within the regional railway network.[26][27]

The goal pursued by the authorities is to build stations that are both functional and simultaneously serve as beautiful and comfortable community hubs; concurrently, there is an aim to urbanistically revitalize the surrounding areas.

Art Stations feature numerous contemporary artworks specifically designed for the stations by internationally renowned artists as well as emerging local architects. These stations have been recognized as some of the most beautiful in Europe.

Museo station (Stazione Museo) also displays archaeological remains and exhibits that were unearthed during the construction of the station, while others have been transferred to the Naples National Archaeological Museum above the station, from which it is named.[28]

Another initiative started in 2008 was to provide free books for riders on the network.[29]

Archaeological artifacts

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The Greco-Roman city resurfaces in the excavations of the Municipio station, in the homonymous square.

During the excavation of the metro, numerous archaeological artifacts were discovered. These artifacts, dating back to prehistoric, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Medieval, and Aragonese periods, provide excellent testimony to ancient Naples. They are currently displayed at the Neapolis Station, a small museum space that is part of the larger complex of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.

The six stations where the most artifacts were uncovered, located on the lower section of Lines 1 and 6, are: Salvator Rosa, Toledo, Municipio Porto, Università, Duomo and Chiaia.

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ Giovanni Cornolò (2011). Automotrici elettriche. Dalle origini al 1983. Duegi Editrice. p. 28. ISBN 978-88-95096-05-6.
  2. ^ L. Munzi: Nuovi treni SEPSA. In: ″Italmodel Ferrovie″ Nr. 220 (November 1978), p. 765.
  3. ^ Metropolitana di Napoli. In: ″I Treni Oggi″ Nr. 137 (May 1993), p. 8.
  4. ^ a b c d e "HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Linea 1 - Storia della Linea 1 metropolitana di Napoli" [HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Line 1 - History of Naples Metro Line 1] (in Italian). Metronapoli SpA. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  5. ^ a b Robert Schwandl. "Napoli". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
  6. ^ David Briginshaw (1999). "Signs Of Progress In Naples And Turin - Brief Article". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
  7. ^ "Trasporti su ferro, dal Cipe l'ok ai progetti della Regione". Il Mattino. 3 December 2005.
  8. ^ "HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Linea 6 - Con Linea 6 il sistema Metronapoli avanza" [HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Line 6 - With Line 6, the system advances Metronapoli] (in Italian). Metronapoli SpA. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  9. ^ "Napoli, inaugurata la Linea 6: «Un nuovo passo avanti per le infrastrutture»". www.ilmattino.it (in Italian). 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  10. ^ "Napoli, pronto il metrò di Chiaia: la Linea 6 inaugura la stazione di Peter Greenaway". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 2024-07-10. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  11. ^ "Riapre Linea 6 a Napoli, collega Piazza Municipio a Tecchio | ANSA.it". www.ansa.it. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  12. ^ "Napoli, apre Linea 6 della Metropolitana". www.teleborsa.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  13. ^ a b c d "anm in cifre" [anm in figures] (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Archived from the original on 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
  14. ^ "metro" (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Archived from the original on 2015-06-20. Retrieved 2015-06-19. Serve complessivamente 17 stazioni su un percorso di 18 km di rete, raggiungendo in alcuni punti una pendenza del 5,5%. ([Line 1] serves a total of 17 stations over a distance of 18 km network, reaching in places a slope of 5.5%.) Including Municipio station that opened in June 2015, there are now 18 stations on Line 1.
  15. ^ "Carta della mobilità 2020 - ANM" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "metro" (PDF) (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Archived from the original on 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
  17. ^ a b "Metro Linea 10 Afragola-Napoli: finalmente parte il progetto" (in Italian). Napolike.it. 3 December 2022. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  18. ^ "Naples orders further CAF metro cars for line 1 extension". Urban Transport Magazine. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  19. ^ "La Nuova Metro Linea 10: da piazza Cavour 6 stazioni in città e poi altre 7 in provincia di Napoli". napoli da vivere (in Italian). 20 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  20. ^ "Orari e Frequenze". ANM - Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (in Italian). Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  21. ^ "Frequenze def" [Final frequencies] (PDF) (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Retrieved 2015-06-19.[dead link‍]
  22. ^ "Orari e Frequenze". ANM - Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (in Italian). Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  23. ^ "Orari in vigore metro arcobaleno" (PDF). 22 April 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  24. ^ "Aree tematiche - Territorio - Pianificazione Urbanistica - Piani della mobilità - Piano delle 100 stazioni - Sintesi Informativa".
  25. ^ "Approval of the guidelines for the design and construction of the Regional Metro System stations. (with attachment)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-19. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  26. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20111224021754/http://www.acam-campania.it/web/it/Il%20sistema%20della%20metropolitana%20regionale%20in%20Campania.pdf
  27. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20150522125944/http://www.internapoli.it/articolo.asp?id=6653
  28. ^ "Naples Metro". Metrobits.org. 25 September 2008.
  29. ^ "Libri gratis in Metropolitana Linea 1". Napolibella. 2 November 2008.
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