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Chemical compound
Broparestrol (INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name ) (brand names Acnestrol , Longestrol ; former developmental code name LN-107 ), also known as α-bromo-α,β-diphenyl-β-p-ethylphenylethylene (BDPE ), is a synthetic , nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group[ 1] that has been used in Europe as a dermatological agent and for the treatment of breast cancer .[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] The drug is described as slightly estrogenic [ 7] and potently antiestrogenic ,[ 8] [ 9] and inhibits mammary gland development and suppresses prolactin levels in animals.[ 10] It is structurally related to clomifene and diethylstilbestrol .[ 6] [ 10] Broparestrol is a mixture of E- and Z- isomers (LN-1643 and LN-2299, respectively), both of which are active, and are similarly antiestrogenic but, unlike broparestrol, were never marketed.[ 2]
^ Hospital M, Busetta B, Courseille C, Precigoux G (1975). "X-ray conformation of some estrogens and their binding to uterine receptors" . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry . 6 (3–4): 221–5. doi :10.1016/0022-4731(75)90136-3 . PMID 171486 .
^ a b Elks J (14 November 2014). "Broparestrol" . The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies . Springer. pp. 183–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3 .
^ Milne GW (8 May 2018). "Broparestrol" . Drugs: Synonyms and Properties: Synonyms and Properties . Taylor & Francis. pp. 1401–1402. ISBN 978-1-351-78989-9 .
^ "Broparestrol" . Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory . Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1 .
^ Muller (19 June 1998). European Drug Index: European Drug Registrations (Fourth ed.). CRC Press. pp. 23–. ISBN 978-3-7692-2114-5 .
^ a b Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms . Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1 .
^ Villee CA, Hagerman DD (April 1957). "Compounds with antiestrogenic activity in vitro" . Endocrinology . 60 (4): 552–558. doi :10.1210/endo-60-4-552 . PMID 13414683 .
^ Al-Hassan, Mohammed I. (1987). "Synthesis of broparestrol using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry . 321 (1): 119–121. doi :10.1016/0022-328X(87)80330-3 . ISSN 0022-328X .
^ Magarian RA, Overacre LB, Singh S, Meyer KL (1994). "The medicinal chemistry of nonsteroidal antiestrogens: a review" . Current Medicinal Chemistry . 1 : 61-104 (95). doi :10.2174/0929867301666220210212635 . S2CID 89392480 .
^ a b Drosdowsky M, Edery M, Guggiari M, Montes-Rendon A, Rudali G, Vives C (May 1980). "Inhibition of prolactin-induced mammary cancer in C3Hf (XVII) mice with the trans isomer of bromotriphenylethylene". Cancer Research . 40 (5): 1674–1679. PMID 6245799 .
Estrogens
ER Tooltip Estrogen receptor agonists
Steroidal: Alfatradiol
Certain androgens /anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone , testosterone esters , methyltestosterone , metandienone , nandrolone esters ) (via estrogenic metabolites)
Certain progestins (e.g., norethisterone , noretynodrel , etynodiol diacetate , tibolone )
Clomestrone
Cloxestradiol acetate
Conjugated estriol
Conjugated estrogens
Epiestriol
Epimestrol
Esterified estrogens
Estetrol †
Estradiol
Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate , estradiol benzoate , estradiol cypionate , estradiol enanthate , estradiol undecylate , estradiol valerate , polyestradiol phosphate , estradiol ester mixtures (Climacteron ))
Estramustine phosphate
Estriol
Estriol esters (e.g., estriol succinate , polyestriol phosphate )
Estrogenic substances
Estrone
Estrone esters
Ethinylestradiol #
Hydroxyestrone diacetate
Mestranol
Methylestradiol
Moxestrol
Nilestriol
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
Promestriene
Quinestradol
Quinestrol
Progonadotropins
Antiestrogens
ER Tooltip Estrogen receptor antagonists (incl. SERMs Tooltip selective estrogen receptor modulators /SERDs Tooltip selective estrogen receptor downregulators )Aromatase inhibitors Antigonadotropins
Androgens /anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone , testosterone esters , nandrolone esters , oxandrolone , fluoxymesterone )
D2 receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone , metoclopramide , risperidone , haloperidol , chlorpromazine , sulpiride )
GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin , goserelin )
GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix , elagolix )
Progestogens (e.g., chlormadinone acetate , cyproterone acetate , gestonorone caproate , hydroxyprogesterone caproate , medroxyprogesterone acetate , megestrol acetate )
Others
ER Tooltip Estrogen receptor
Agonists
Steroidal: 2-Hydroxyestradiol
2-Hydroxyestrone
3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol
3α-Androstanediol
3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
3α-Hydroxytibolone
3β-Hydroxytibolone
3β-Androstanediol
4-Androstenediol
4-Androstenedione
4-Fluoroestradiol
4-Hydroxyestradiol
4-Hydroxyestrone
4-Methoxyestradiol
4-Methoxyestrone
5-Androstenediol
7-Oxo-DHEA
7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
7α-Methylestradiol
7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
8,9-Dehydroestradiol
8,9-Dehydroestrone
8β-VE2
10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED)
11β-Chloromethylestradiol
11β-Methoxyestradiol
15α-Hydroxyestradiol
16-Ketoestradiol
16-Ketoestrone
16α-Fluoroestradiol
16α-Hydroxy-DHEA
16α-Hydroxyestrone
16α-Iodoestradiol
16α-LE2
16β-Hydroxyestrone
16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)
17α-Estradiol (alfatradiol )
17α-Dihydroequilenin
17α-Dihydroequilin
17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)
17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol
17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol
17β-Dihydroequilenin
17β-Dihydroequilin
17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin
Abiraterone
Abiraterone acetate
Alestramustine
Almestrone
Anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone and esters , methyltestosterone , metandienone (methandrostenolone) , nandrolone and esters , many others; via estrogenic metabolites)
Atrimustine
Bolandiol
Bolandiol dipropionate
Butolame
Clomestrone
Cloxestradiol
Conjugated estriol
Conjugated estrogens
Cyclodiol
Cyclotriol
DHEA
DHEA-S
ent -Estradiol
Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol)
Epimestrol
Equilenin
Equilin
ERA-63 (ORG-37663)
Esterified estrogens
Estetrol
Estradiol
Estramustine
Estramustine phosphate
Estrapronicate
Estrazinol
Estriol
Estrofurate
Estrogenic substances
Estromustine
Estrone
Etamestrol (eptamestrol)
Ethinylandrostenediol
Ethinylestradiol
Ethinylestriol
Ethylestradiol
Etynodiol
Etynodiol diacetate
Hexolame
Hippulin
Hydroxyestrone diacetate
Lynestrenol
Lynestrenol phenylpropionate
Mestranol
Methylestradiol
Moxestrol
Mytatrienediol
Nilestriol
Norethisterone
Noretynodrel
Orestrate
Pentolame
Prodiame
Prolame
Promestriene
RU-16117
Quinestradol
Quinestrol
Tibolone
Xenoestrogens: Anise -related (e.g., anethole , anol , dianethole , dianol , photoanethole )
Chalconoids (e.g., isoliquiritigenin , phloretin , phlorizin (phloridzin) , wedelolactone )
Coumestans (e.g., coumestrol , psoralidin )
Flavonoids (incl. 7,8-DHF , 8-prenylnaringenin , apigenin , baicalein , baicalin , biochanin A , calycosin , catechin , daidzein , daidzin , ECG , EGCG , epicatechin , equol , formononetin , glabrene , glabridin , genistein , genistin , glycitein , kaempferol , liquiritigenin , mirificin , myricetin , naringenin , penduletin , pinocembrin , prunetin , puerarin , quercetin , tectoridin , tectorigenin )
Lavender oil
Lignans (e.g., enterodiol , enterolactone , nyasol (cis -hinokiresinol) )
Metalloestrogens (e.g., cadmium )
Pesticides (e.g., alternariol , dieldrin , endosulfan , fenarimol , HPTE , methiocarb , methoxychlor , triclocarban , triclosan )
Phytosteroids (e.g., digitoxin (digitalis ), diosgenin , guggulsterone )
Phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol , campesterol , stigmasterol )
Resorcylic acid lactones (e.g., zearalanone , α-zearalenol , β-zearalenol , zearalenone , zeranol (α-zearalanol) , taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol) )
Steroid -like (e.g., deoxymiroestrol , miroestrol )
Stilbenoids (e.g., resveratrol , rhaponticin )
Synthetic xenoestrogens (e.g., alkylphenols , bisphenols (e.g., BPA , BPF , BPS ), DDT , parabens , PBBs , PHBA , phthalates , PCBs )
Others (e.g., agnuside , rotundifuran )
Mixed (SERMs Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators ) Antagonists
Coregulator-binding modulators: ERX-11
GPER Tooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor
Agonists Antagonists Unknown