Khatyrka
Khatyrka
Хатырка | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of the village of Khatyrka | |
Location of Khatyrka  | |
  Khatyrka Location of Khatyrka  Khatyrka Khatyrka (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) | |
| Coordinates: 62°03′N 175°15′E / 62.050°N 175.250°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[1] |
| Administrative district | Anadyrsky District[2] |
| Founded | c.1756[3] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1.16 km2 (0.45 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 377 |
| • Estimate (January 2018)[6] | 323 |
| • Density | 330/km2 (840/sq mi) |
| • Municipal district | Anadyrsky Municipal District[7] |
| • Rural settlement | Khatyrka Rural Settlement[7] |
| • Capital of | Khatyrka Rural Settlement[7] |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (MSK+9  [8]) |
| Postal code(s)[9] | 689120 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 42733[10] |
| OKTMO ID | 77603479101 |
Khatyrka (Russian: Хатырка; Chukot: Ватыркан, Vatyrkan) is a rural locality (a selo) in Anadyrsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia,[2] located on the shore of the Bering Sea southwest of Beringovsky. Population: 377 (2010 Census);[4] [5] with an estimated population of 323 as of 2018. Municipally, it is incorporated as Khatyrka Rural Settlement.[7]
History
[edit]Khatyrka is one of the oldest settlements in Anadyrsky district, having been founded around 1756.[3] The name of the village and the nearby river was taken from the cape first mapped by the naval officer Sarychyevym, but first visited by the merchants Bakov and Novikov.[3]
The Chuckchi call the place Vatyrkan, meaning dry or exhausted as the area surrounding the village is used for reindeer grazing.[11] There are currently two brigades operating as the Khatyrskoye municipal agricultural unitary enterprise, tending for around 2000 reindeer on the tundra.[11] Within the village, the cultural centre supports the national ensemble "Chukotka Dawns" (Russian: Чукотские зори).[3]
Demographics
[edit]The population according to the 2010 census was 377,[4] of which 191 were male and 186 female,[5] which is essentially in line with an April 2003 estimate, which recorded the population at 375, of which around 87% are of indigenous origin.[12]
Economy
[edit]The main occupations revolve around traditional indigenous economic activities of fishing and hunting, both on land and sea. There is also a successful reindeer herding enterprise on the pastures surrounding Khatyrka with around four hundred heads.[12] Although this is a traditional enterprise among many Arctic peoples, these formerly nomadic enterprises were grouped together in the Soviet Union to form a collective farm (kolkhoz).
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, almost all government support was removed from the state farms as the market economy took over. However, unlike in villages such as Alkatvaam and Tavayvaam, when the state farm became the Municipal Unitary Enterprise of Rural Agricultural Producers, the herders were able to continue their livelihood.[12]
There is an irony that the traditional economic driver of reindeer herding is succeeding here for the time being when it has either disappeared or been significantly reduced elsewhere given that the name of the village used by the Chukchi is Vatyrkan which translates as "a dry, exhausted land",[12] despite the pastures surrounding the village.
As with many Chukotkan villages, Khatyrka has a traditional Chukchi ensemble and a cultural center.[12] Additionally, the village has a new secondary boarding school, kindergarten, local hospital, recreation center, library, post office, communications center, shop and a bakery.[12] The main occupation of the inhabitants is livestock. Brigades herd reindeer on pastures in the vicinity of the village above the river. In the village the municipal agricultural enterprise "Khatyrskoye" is based to run the reindeer herding operations. The village is also involved in traditional fishing and hunting of sea mammals, and a fish processing plant operates to service this. In 2011 the company launched a new slaughterhouse complex.[13] Electricity is provided to the village by a local generator.[14]
Transport
[edit]Khatyrka is not connected to any other inhabited place by any permanent road being situated on the coast at the mouth of the River Khatyrka.[15] There is however, a number of roads within the village, including:[16]
- Улица Набережная (Ulitsa Naberezhnaya, lit. Quay Street)
- Улица Озерная (Ulitsa Ozernaya, lit. Lake Street)
- Улица Речная (Ulitsa Rechnaya, lit. River Street)
- Улица Рылькеу (Ulitsa Rylkey, lit. River Street)
- Улица Советская (Ulitsa Sovetskaya, lit. Soviet Street)
- Улица Центральная (Ulitsa Tsentralnaya, lit. Central Street)
- Улица Школьная (Ulitsa Shkolnaya, lit. School Street)
A helicopter service to Anadyr is provided once or twice a month.[17]
Administrative vs. municipal jurisdiction
[edit]Until July 2008, Khatyrka was a part of both Beringovsky Municipal and Beringnovsky Administrative District. In May 2008, Beringovsky Municipal District was merged into Anadyrsky Municipal District;[18] however, this change did not affect the borders of Beringovsky Administrative District. Khatyrka continued to administratively be a part of the latter until June 2011, when Beringovsky Administrative District was merged into Anadyrsky Administrative District and ceased to exist.
Climate
[edit]Khatyrka has a tundra climate (Köppen ET)[19] because the warmest month has an average temperature between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F). All seasons are moderated by the ocean, resulting in much less severe winters than in the interior. This does cause seasonal lag, which delays spring warm-up as well as making August the warmest month.
| Climate data for Khatyrka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.8 (82.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.1 (12.0) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.4 (6.1) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.7 (0.1) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.0 (−36.4) |
−40.6 (−41.1) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−21.4 (−6.5) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−40.6 (−41.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49.2 (1.94) |
34.3 (1.35) |
34.4 (1.35) |
26.8 (1.06) |
28.6 (1.13) |
33.5 (1.32) |
56.7 (2.23) |
80.0 (3.15) |
46.7 (1.84) |
49.1 (1.93) |
50.7 (2.00) |
40.7 (1.60) |
530.7 (20.89) |
| Source: climatebase.ru (1955–1991)[20] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c Law #33-OZ, Article 13.2
- ^ a b Directive #617-rp
- ^ a b c d e Rural Settlement of Khatyrka – Anadyrsky Municipal District official website
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c The results of the 2010 Census are given for Khatyrka Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Anadyrsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Khatyrka is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Khatyrka Rural Settlement.
- ^ Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Численность населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года Archived 2019-08-31 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d Law #148-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Archived 2012-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Anadyrsky Municipal District
- ^ a b Khatyrka Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine – Chukotka Electoral Commission website
- ^ a b c d e f The Red Cross Chukotka. Information about Beringovsky District (archived)
- ^ Губернатор Чукотского автономного округа Роман Копин побывал с рабочей поездкой село Хатырка Анадырского района[permanent dead link] (Governor of the Chukotka Autonomous District Roman Kopin paid a working visit to the village Khatyrka Anadyr district), 17 October 2011
- ^ Поселковая дизельная электростанция Archived 2014-08-22 at the Wayback Machine (Poselkovaya diesel power), grouptm.ru
- ^ Map P-59-60 Archived 2013-05-02 at the Wayback Machine at Vlasenko.net
- ^ Khatyrka – Beringovsky District at Pochtovik Mail Delivery Company
- ^ ГП ЧАО Расписание движения ВC Ми-8 ГП ЧАО "ЧукотАВИА" по национальным селам Archived 2014-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (Timetables Su Mi-8 GP CHAO "Chukotavia" to national villages), 2014, chukotavia.ru
- ^ Law #41-OZ, Article 1.4
- ^ McKnightand Hess, pp.235–7
- ^ "Khatyrka, Russia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
Sources
[edit]- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №148-ОЗ от 24 ноября 2008 г. «О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Анадырского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №24-ОЗ от 1 апреля 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Приложение 2 к Закону Чукотского автономного округа "О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Анадырского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №46/1 (373/1), 28 ноября 2008 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #148-OZ of November 24, 2008 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Anadyrsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #24-OZ of April 1, 2011 On Amending Appendix 2 of the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Anadyrsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication date.).
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Чукотского автономного округа. Распоряжение №517-рп от 30 декабря 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных образований Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Распоряжения №323-рп от 27 июня 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Распоряжение Правительства Чукотского автономного округа от 30 декабря 2008 года №517-рп». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Directive #517-rp of December 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Formations of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Directive #323-rp of June 27, 2011 On Amending the Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Directive No. 517-rp of December 30, 2008. ).
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №41-ОЗ от 30 мая 2008 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований Анадырский муниципальный район и Беринговский муниципальный район и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №71-ОЗ от 10 сентября 2010 г «Об упразднении сельского поселения Краснено Анадырского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Чукотского автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №22/1 (349/1), 6 июня 2008 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #41-OZ of May 30, 2008 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of Anadyrsky Municipal District and Beringovsky Municipal District an on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #71-OZ of September 10, 2009 On Abolishing Krasneno Rural Settlement of Anadyrsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.).
- McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.