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Joachim Brendel

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Joachim Brendel
Joachim Brendel
Born(1921-04-27)27 April 1921
Ulrichshalben, Germany
Died7 July 1974(1974-07-07) (aged 53)
Cologne, West Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–1945
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 51
Commands1./JG 51, III./JG 51
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Joachim Brendel (27 April 1921 – 7 July 1974) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. Brendel was credited with 189 aerial victories—that is, 189 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All but six of his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces on the Eastern Front in more than 950 combat missions, including 162 ground support missions.[1][2]

Born in Ulrichshalben, Brendel joined the military service in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany in 1939. Following flight training, he was posted to 2. Staffel (squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing). He flew his first combat missions in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and claimed his first aerial victory on 29 June 1941. There, after 101 aerial victories, he was presented with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 November 1943. In July 1944, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of the III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 51 "Mölders". Following his 153rd aerial victory, Brendel was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 14 January 1945. He continued flying operationally until the end of World War II. He died on 7 July 1974 in Cologne, West Germany.

Early life and career

[edit]

Brendel, the son of a police Hauptmann (captain), was born on 27 April 1921 in Ulrichshalben, present-day a borough of Ilmtal-Weinstraße, at the time in Thuringia of the Weimar Republic. After attending a Gymnasium, a secondary school, and graduating with his Abitur (diploma), he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe as a Fahnenjunker (cadet) on 15 November 1939. Following fighter pilot training,[Note 1] he was posted to 2. Staffel (squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in early 1941.[4]

World War II

[edit]

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. JG 51, under the command of Oberst Werner Mölders, was preparing for Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union which was launched on 22 June 1941. On 29 June, Brendel claimed his first aerial victory.[1] On 1 July, he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) and two days later he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse).[4]

Brendel then flew a number of ground support missions, was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 21 April 1942. On 8 December, he claimed his 10th victory on his 225th combat mission.[1] He claimed his 20th victory on 24 February 1943 and received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 15 March 1943.[4] On 25 May, Brendel was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of JG 51s 1. Staffel (1st squadron), replacing Oberleuntant (First Lieutenant) Hans Boos who had been killed in a mid-air collision on 21 April.[5] His number of aerial victories claimed increased to 30 on 5 May, and on 17 May he was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold). On 10 June, Brendel claimed his 40th opponent shot down and was promoted to Oberleuntant on 1 July.[4]

On the first day of the Battle of Kursk, 5 July 1943, Brendel claimed two Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down on the northern flank of the attack. His wingman, Unteroffizier Oskar Romm was credited with the destruction of a third Il-2.[6] The next day, Brendel led his 1. Staffel in an attack against 15 Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers from the 221 Bomber Aviation Division. Brendel claimed one bomber destroyed but the fighter escort from 282 Fighter Aviation Division successfully engaged the German fighters.[7]

Brendel became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 12 July 1943, claiming aerial victories 53 to 57.[4] On 28 July, Brendel was shot down and wounded in his Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-6 (Werknummer' 470002—factory number) by Soviet anti artillery behind enemy lines.[8] He managed to return to German held territory. On 1 October 1943, he was promoted to Hauptman with a rank age dated to 1 April 1944. On 22 November, Brendel claimed six aircraft shot down on his 551st combat mission, taking his total to 101 aerial victories. For this achievement he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) that day.[4] He was the 60th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[9]

Group commander

[edit]

On 29 July 1944, Brendel claimed a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter shot down in the vicinity of Białystok. His opponent may have been Kapitan Vladimir Shchegolev from the 162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, a fighter ace credited with 14 individual and three shared victories who was killed in action that day.[10] On 1 September 1944, Brendel was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 51. He succeeded Hauptmann Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber in this function who was transferred.[11] Command of 1. Staffel was briefly passed to Leutnant Gerhard Mai before Leutnant Kurt Dombacher was given command of the Staffel on 10 September.[12]

Flying with III. Gruppe on 16 October 1944, Brendel achieved his 150th victory on his 792nd combat mission. Following his 153rd victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 14 January 1945, the 697th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored. He continued flying on the Eastern Front, claiming his 174th and 175th victory on 4 March 1945. End of March, he was ordered to Berlin where the presentation of the Oak Leaves was made at the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM— Ministry of Aviation) in Berlin by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring.[4]

On 18 February 1945, III. Gruppe claimed six aerial victories during the battle of the Courland Pocket, including four by Brendel.[13] Two days later, he claimed three further victories.[14] He claimed his last victory on the 25 April 1945, finishing the war with 189 victories and emerged as JG 51 highest claiming fighter pilot on the Eastern Front, including over 90 heavily armored Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft.[15]

Later life

[edit]

He died on 7 July 1974 in Cologne, West Germany and was buried in Salzburg, Austria.[16]

Summary of career

[edit]

Aerial victory claims

[edit]

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Brendel was credited with 189 aerial victories.[17] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 178 aerial victory claims, plus 13 further unconfirmed claims. This number includes one claim over a United States Army Air Forces flown B-17 Flying Fortress, and 177 Soviet Air Forces piloted aircraft on the Eastern Front.[18]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 07813". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[19]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Brendel an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Brendel did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 12. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[20]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1 29 June 1941 18:20 DB-3[21]
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[20]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 30 April 1942
2 31 March 1942 14:55 I-61 (MiG-3)[22] 4 29 April 1942 18:55 MiG-3 Lake Dechino[22]
3 5 April 1942 11:05 Il-2 Demyansk[22]
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[23]
Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
5 7 May 1942 10:35 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Demyansk[24] 12 6 January 1943 10:44 Pe-2 PQ 07813[25]
6 3 July 1942?[Note 2] 13:28 Il-2[24] 13 6 January 1943 10:57 Pe-2 PQ 07851[25]
7 6 July 1942 19:25 MiG-3[24] 14 6 January 1943 11:00 Pe-2 PQ 07822[25]
8 9 July 1942 04:20 MiG-3[26] 15 16 January 1943 08:16 MiG-3 PQ 17712, Velikiye Luki[25]
35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Toropa
9 12 July 1942 09:00 MiG-3[26] 16 18 January 1943 08:02 Pe-2 PQ 07743[25]
10 8 December 1942 13:00 Il-2 PQ 26192, Bely[27] 17 18 January 1943 08:05 Pe-2 PQ 07741[25]
11 14 December 1942 10:42 MiG-3 southwest of Belyi[27] 18 18 January 1943 08:09 Pe-2 PQ 06131[25]
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[28]
Eastern Front — 4 February 1943 – 31 December 1943
19 24 February 1943 09:12 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54122[29]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Sukhinichi 		28 21 March 1943 16:05 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 53763[30]
vicinity of Perwoawgustowskiy
20 24 February 1943 09:15 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54131[29]
20 km (12 mi) south of Sukhinichi 		29 15 April 1943 09:28 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 64832[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mtsensk
21 7 March 1943 14:25 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 36432[29]
25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Dunigo 		30 5 May 1943 07:00 R-5 PQ 35 Ost 62141[31]
20 km (12 mi) northwest of Kursk
22 9 March 1943 07:27 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63244[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zalegoshch 		31 6 May 1943 13:30 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 64754[31]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Oryol
23 9 March 1943 07:32 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63433[30]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Zmiyovka 		32 7 May 1943 05:05 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63121[31]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Oryol
24 18 March 1943 06:40 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 53562[30]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky 		33 7 May 1943 05:15 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63181[31]
vicinity of Zmiyovka
25 18 March 1943 06:42 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 53543[30]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky 		34 8 May 1943 07:49 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63644[31]
5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Maloarkhangelsk
26 18 March 1943 06:44 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 53822[30]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Dmitriyev-Lgovsky 		35 11 May 1943 13:30 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 53632[31]
vicinity of Trosna
27 21 March 1943 06:23 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 45521[30]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Utrikowo
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[23]
Eastern Front — 4 February 1943 – 31 December 1943
36 28 May 1943 11:24 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63151[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Oryol 		68 25 July 1943 12:30 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 53427[33]
5 km (3.1 mi) west of Kromy
37 5 June 1943 09:35 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 44454[32]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Dyatkovo 		69 25 July 1943 12:33?[Note 3] Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 53425[33]
5 km (3.1 mi) west of Kromy
38 8 June 1943 19:11 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54892[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Oryol 		70 28 July 1943 10:35?[Note 5] Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 54657[33]
20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Belyov
39 8 June 1943 19:12 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54864[32]
20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Oryol 		71 28 July 1943 10:37 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 54654[33]
20 km (12 mi) west-southwest of Belyov
40 10 June 1943 19:37 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 44472[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Dyatkovo 		72 28 July 1943 10:39 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 54643, southwest of Bolkhov[33]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Znamenskoye
41 10 June 1943 19:49 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 45893[32]
25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Sukhinichi 		73 15 September 1943 08:00 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 16697, southeast of Lake Akitovskoye[35]
42 5 July 1943 08:52 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63694[36]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		74 15 September 1943 17:05 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 25496, west of Yelnya[37]
43 5 July 1943 08:54 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 73571[36]
40 km (25 mi) west-southwest of Livny 		75 17 September 1943 07:18 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 35374, Wilkowa[37]
44 6 July 1943 05:39 Boston PQ 35 Ost 53653[36]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Trosna 		76 17 September 1943 10:43 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 35318, Wjawka[37]
45 6 July 1943 13:55 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63553[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk 		77 17 September 1943 13:48 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 25622, west of Chamino[37]
46 7 July 1943 08:20 Boston PQ 35 Ost 53593[36]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Trosna 		78 19 September 1943 15:42 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 25476, west of Schozokowo[37]
47 8 July 1943 03:51 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63741[36]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Fatez 		79 20 September 1943 13:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 25619, Olchowskij[37]
Yelnya
48 8 July 1943 03:58 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63573[36]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna 		80 5 October 1943 15:10 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 15525, Lenino[37]
49 9 July 1943 05:40 Il-2?[Note 6] PQ 35 Ost 63553[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk 		81 6 October 1943 11:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 06172[37]
25 km (16 mi) south-southeast of Nevel
50 9 July 1943 05:41 LaGG-3?[Note 7] PQ 35 Ost 63552[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk 		82 6 October 1943 15:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 06149[37]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Nevel
51 9 July 1943 05:44 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63523[36]
20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		83 12 October 1943 11:20 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 05696, Gorki[37]
52 11 July 1943 03:55 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63581[36]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		84 13 October 1943 08:55 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 15512, Dajewo[37]Lajewo??
53♠ 12 July 1943 05:46?[Note 8] Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 63226[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Zalegoshch 		85 13 October 1943 13:00 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 15355, Litowka[37]
54♠ 12 July 1943 05:48 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 63231[38]
20 km (12 mi) east of Zalegoshch 		86 20 October 1943 15:00 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 03877, Uborow[39]
55♠ 12 July 1943 05:54 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 64897[38]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Zalegoshch 		87 20 October 1943 15:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 03888, Prud[39]
56♠ 12 July 1943 19:40 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 54277[38]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Kozelsk 		88 21 October 1943 10:10 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 02251[39]
35 km (22 mi) northwest of Ossijaki
57♠ 12 July 1943 19:46 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 54278[38]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Kozelsk 		89 21 October 1943 12:28 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 02211[39]
45 km (28 mi) south-southeast of Rechytsa
58 13 July 1943 09:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 63228[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Zalegoshch 		90 22 October 1943 13:43 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 02244, Kortschewka[39]
59 13 July 1943 11:47?[Note 9] Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 63264[38]
25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Zalegoshch 		91 25 October 1943 11:15 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 03872[39]
40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Rechytsa
60 14 July 1943 14:37 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 54172[38]
20 km (12 mi) east-northeast of Zhizdra 		92 6 November 1943 07:30 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 01391, northwest of Kiev[39]
61 17 July 1943 10:23 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 53636[38]
vicinity of Trosna 		93 6 November 1943 14:35 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 01743, Malowilowka[39]
62 17 July 1943 19:05?[Note 10] MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54632[38]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of Bolkhov 		94 11 November 1943 09:40 Il-2 northeast of Bila Tserkva[39]
63 19 July 1943 12:03 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 64814[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mtsensk 		95♠ 22 November 1943 09:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 03493[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Gomel
?[Note 11] 19 July 1943 12:30 LaGG-3 96♠ 22 November 1943 09:07 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 13371[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Gomel
64 20 July 1943 09:20 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 64875[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Zalegoshch 		97♠ 22 November 1943 12:05 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 13577, southwest of Klimovka[39]
65 21 July 1943 18:15 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 64811[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mtsensk 		98♠ 22 November 1943 12:25 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 03496, northeast of Kostyukovka[39]
66 22 July 1943 13:02 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63133[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of Zalegoshch 		99♠ 22 November 1943 12:27 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 03436, Logatino[39]
67 22 July 1943 13:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 63135[33]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of Zalegoshch 		100♠ 22 November 1943 12:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 13377[39]
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Gomel
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[40]
Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 August 1944
101 10 January 1944 14:30 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost N/06749[41]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Liozna 		115 7 August 1944 08:30 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/22312[42]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Dęblin
102 12 January 1944 09:58 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/96831[41]
10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Kamary 		116 14 August 1944 17:22 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/12328[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Garwolin
103 12 January 1944 10:35 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost N/05126[41]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Kamary 		117 16 August 1944 08:36 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/24765[42]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Lomza
104 12 January 1944 10:36 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost N/06788[41]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Kamary 		118 16 August 1944 14:20 La-5 PQ 25 Ost N/24791[43]
25 km (16 mi) southeast of Lomza
105 12 January 1944 13:50 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost N/05162[41]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Kamary 		119 18 August 1944 16:40 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/13392[43]
40 km (25 mi) northeast of Warsaw
106 5 February 1944 14:28 Pe-2 PQ 25 Ost N/93337[41]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Parichi 		120 20 August 1944 12:42 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/13523, northeast of Warsaw[43]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Gerdauen
107 8 April 1944 09:38 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/42676[41]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Kovel 		121 21 August 1944 16:22 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/13522, northeast of Warsaw[43]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Warsaw
108 30 April 1944 13:47?[Note 12] Il-2 PQ 25 Ost N/42871[41]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Kovel 		122 22 August 1944 08:25 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost N/23128[43]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Ostrov
109 23 June 1944 10:30 La-5 PQ 35 Ost N/05421[42]
30 km (19 mi) north-northeast of Orsha 		123 22 August 1944 08:42 Yak-9?[Note 13] PQ 25 Ost N/23129[43]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Ostrov
—
[Note 14] 		24 June 1944 10:36 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost N/05427[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southeast of Byerazino 		124 24 August 1944 11:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/24745[43]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Lomza
110 24 June 1944 10:50 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost N/05382[42]
30 km (19 mi) north-northeast of Orsha 		125 24 August 1944 14:37 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/13264[43]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Ostrov
111 30 June 1944 17:50?[Note 15] La-5 PQ 25 Ost N/94313[42]
25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of Orsha 		126 25 August 1944 06:57 Yak-7 PQ 25 Ost N/13529, northeast of Warsaw[43]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Warsaw
112 9 July 1944 07:15?[Note 16] Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/54744[42]
20 km (12 mi) north of Oryol 		127 25 August 1944 07:14 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/13521, northeast of Warsaw[43]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Warsaw
113 19 July 1944 17:50 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost N/32816[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Cholm 		128 26 August 1944?[Note 17] 08:45 LaGG-3?[Note 17] PQ 25 Ost N/13254[43]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Ostrov
114 29 July 1944 10:05 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/34746[42]
vicinity of Białystok 		129?[Note 18] 28 August 1944 14:11 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost N/13245[43]
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[45]
130 16 September 1944 16:55 Pe-2 PQ 25 Ost 27516[46]
55 km (34 mi) north-northwest of Telsche 		14 January 1945
—
 unknown
131 16 September 1944 16:58 Pe-2 PQ 25 Ost 27556[46]
45 km (28 mi) north of Telsche 		18 February 1945
—
 unknown vicinity of Heiligenbeil
132 17 September 1944 15:56 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 27556[46]
25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Mitau 		18 February 1945
—
 unknown vicinity of Heiligenbeil
133 17 September 1944 16:12 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 27556[46]
35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Mitau 		18 February 1945
—
 unknown vicinity of Heiligenbeil
134 22 September 1944 10:27 Boston PQ 25 Ost 27491[46]
50 km (31 mi) south-southwest of Tukkum 		18 February 1945
—
 unknown vicinity of Heiligenbeil
135 24 September 1944 08:29 Pe-2 PQ 25 Ost 37362[46] 19 February 1945
—
 unknown
136 5 October 1944 15:27 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 27883[47]
30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Telsche 		19 February 1945
—
 unknown
137 5 October 1944 15:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 27739[47]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Telsche 		20 February 1945
—
 unknown
138 6 October 1944 11:44 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 36345[47]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Nemakščiai 		20 February 1945
—
 unknown
139 6 October 1944 11:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 36377[47]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Nemakščiai 		20 February 1945
—
 unknown
140 9 October 1944 14:38 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 26725[47]
vicinity of Tauroggen 		21 February 1945
—
 Il-2
141 13 October 1944 15:34 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 25267[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Trakehnen 		21 February 1945
—
 Il-2
142♠ 14 October 1944 12:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 25228[47]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Blumenfeld 		21 February 1945
—
 Il-2
143♠ 14 October 1944 14:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 16173[47]
30 km (19 mi) east of Neusiedel 		21 February 1945
—
 P-39
144♠ 14 October 1944 14:46 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 16157[47]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Memel 		23 February 1945
—
 unknown
145♠ 14 October 1944 14:47 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 16155[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Polangen 		174 4 March 1945
—
 Il-2
146♠ 14 October 1944 15:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 16326[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Polangen 		175 4 March 1945
—
 Il-2
147 16 October 1944 09:59 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 25256[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Memel 		176 8 March 1945 14:32 Pe-2
148 16 October 1944 10:02 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 25261[47]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Blumenfeld 		177 9 March 1945 12:00+ unknown
149 18 October 1944 09:46 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 25484[47]
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Blumenfeld 		178 9 March 1945 12:00+ unknown
150 20 October 1944 10:06 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 25243[47]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Gumbinnen 		18 March 1945
—
 unknown
151 22 October 1944 12:36 Yak-3 PQ 25 Ost 25367[47]
20 km (12 mi) east of Trakehnen 		18 March 1945
—
 unknown
152 24 October 1944 12:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] PQ 25 Ost 25511[47]
20 km (12 mi) east of Rautenberg 		18 March 1945
—
 unknown
153 14 December 1944 12:18 Yak-3[47] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Gumbinnen 189 25 April 1945
—
 Yak-9

Awards

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings, and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[3]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 2 July 1942.[20]
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:32.[34]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:36.[34]
  6. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3.[28]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as an Ilyushin Il-2.[28]
  8. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 05:45.[28]
  9. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:43.[28]
  10. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:08.[28]
  11. ^ This claim is listed by Mathews and Foreman as his 64th aerial victory,[28] but not by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[33]
  12. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:48.[34]
  13. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Ilyushin Il-2.[44]
  14. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim was confirmed and is listed as his 111th aerial victory.[34]
  15. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:08.[34]
  16. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:05.[34]
  17. ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 28 August 1944 as a Lavochkin La-5.[44]
  18. ^ This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[44]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 71.
  2. ^ Spick 1996, p. 228.
  3. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Stockert 2011, p. 266.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 486, 502.
  6. ^ Bergström 2007, p. 39.
  7. ^ Bergström 2007, p. 44.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 504.
  9. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  10. ^ Bergström 2008, p. 79.
  11. ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 164, 250.
  12. ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 319.
  13. ^ Bergström 2008, p. 103.
  14. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 172.
  15. ^ Weal 2001, p. 45.
  16. ^ Stockert 2011, p. 267.
  17. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
  18. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 147–151.
  19. ^ Planquadrat.
  20. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 147.
  21. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 334.
  22. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2005, p. 72.
  23. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 147–148.
  24. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 269.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 273.
  26. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 270.
  27. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 272.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 148.
  29. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 489.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 490.
  31. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 491.
  32. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 492.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 495.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 149.
  35. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 499.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 493.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2012, p. 500.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2012, p. 494.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Prien et al. 2012, p. 501.
  40. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 149–150.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2022, p. 323.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2022, p. 324.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2022, p. 325.
  44. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 150.
  45. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 150–151.
  46. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2022, p. 410.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Prien et al. 2022, p. 411.
  48. ^ a b Thomas 1997, p. 81.
  49. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 58.
  50. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 59.
  51. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 242.
  52. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 144.
  53. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 94.

Bibliography

[edit]
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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2007). Kursk—The Air Battle: July 1943. Hersham, Surrey: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-88-8.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2008). Bagration to Berlin—The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945. Burgess Hill: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
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  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Stockert, Peter (2011). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 7 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 7] (in German). Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. OCLC 76072662.
  • Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
  • Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
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