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Jeremy Scahill

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Jeremy Scahill
Scahill in 2013
Born
Jeremy M. Scahill

1974 (age 49–50)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
EducationWauwatosa East High School
University of Wisconsin (dropped out)
OccupationInvestigative journalist
EmployerDrop Site News
Notable workBlackwater

Jeremy Scahill (born 1974) is an American activist, author, and investigative journalist. He is a founding editor of the online news publication The Intercept and author of Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army (2007), which won the George Polk Book Award. His book Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield (2013) was adapted into a documentary film which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and was nominated for the 2014 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. In July 2024, he left The Intercept and, together with Ryan Grim and Nausicaa Renner, founded Drop Site News.

Scahill is a Fellow at the Type Media Center. Scahill learned journalism and started his career on the independently syndicated daily news show Democracy Now!. He publishes a podcast titled Intercepted.

Early life

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Scahill was born in Chicago, Illinois, and was raised in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee, by "social activist" parents, Lisa and Michael Scahill, both nurses.[1] He graduated from Wauwatosa East High School in 1992.[2] His father grew up on the South Side of Chicago, son of Irish immigrants in a very Catholic family. He had planned to be a seminarian.[3] Jeremy attended a few University of Wisconsin regional campuses and a local technical college before deciding that his "time would be better spent by entering the struggle for justice in this country." After dropping out of college, Scahill spent several years on the East Coast working in homeless shelters. He started his career as an unpaid intern at the nonprofit news program Democracy Now! of the Pacifica Radio network. While he was at Democracy Now!, Scahill learned the technical side of radio, and learned "journalism as a trade, rather than an academic study".[4]

Discussing the roots of his activism, Scahill said: "I think we all have to remember something that Dan Berrigan, the radical Catholic priest, said about Dorothy Day, founder of the Catholic Worker movement. He said she lived as though the truth were true." And: "Victory is relative when you listen to the powerful. But we have a victory in our midst, because the entire world is on our side. So I say that we call for an end to the death penalty in this country, and we call for an end to the collective death penalty being meted out on the rest of the world by this criminal government."[5]

He also worked in 2000 as a producer for Michael Moore's TV series The Awful Truth on Bravo.[6]

Journalism career

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Scahill became a senior producer and correspondent for Democracy Now! and remains a frequent contributor. Scahill and his Democracy Now! colleague Amy Goodman were co-recipients of the 1998 George Polk Award for their radio documentary "Drilling and Killing: Chevron and Nigeria's Oil Dictatorship", which investigated the Chevron Corporation's role in the killing of two Nigerian environmental activists.[7]

In 1998, Scahill traveled to Iraq for Democracy Now! and Pacifica Radio, where he reported on the impact of the economic sanctions on Iraq and the "No-Fly Zone" bombings in Northern and Southern Iraq.[8] An article in AlterNet has described Jeremy Scahill as a "progressive journalist".[9]

In October 2013 Scahill joined with reporters Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras to establish an on-line investigative journalism publishing venture funded by eBay billionaire Pierre Omidyar.[10] The idea for the new media outlet came from Omidyar's "concern about press freedoms in the US and around the world."[11] The Intercept, a publication of First Look Media, went live on February 10, 2014.[12] The short-term goal of the digital magazine is to publish reports about information contained in documents disclosed by Edward Snowden concerning the NSA. According to editors Greenwald, Poitras, and Scahill, their "longer-term mission is to provide aggressive and independent adversarial journalism across a wide range of issues, from secrecy, criminal and civil justice abuses and civil liberties violations to media conduct, societal inequality and all forms of financial and political corruption."[13]

On November 30, 2013, Scahill refused to participate in a Stop the War Conference in London unless Syrian nun Mother Agnes was dropped from the symposium. Mother Agnes eventually pulled out.[14] In February 2017, Scahill canceled his appearance on Real Time with Bill Maher after finding out that Milo Yiannopoulos was scheduled to appear on the same day.[15]

Scahill criticized the US government's decision to charge WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange under the Espionage Act of 1917 for his role in the 2010 publication of a trove of Iraq War documents and diplomatic cables. Scahill tweeted: "This is about retaliation for publishing evidence of U.S. war crimes and other crimes by the most powerful nation on Earth. It's a threat to press freedom."[16]

On May 9, 2019, the intelligence analyst Daniel Everette Hale was arrested for leaking classified information to a reporter.[17] The reporter to whom Hale leaked was not explicitly named, but a book-signing at which they met was identified, and reporters concluded that Hale had leaked to Scahill.

In July 2024, Scahill left The Intercept, along with Ryan Grim, to co-found Drop Site News.[18]

Works

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Kosovo conflict

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See also: Kosovo War

In 1999, he covered the Kosovo conflict, reporting live from Belgrade and Kosovo itself.[19] In an article in the International Socialist Review, Scahill accused the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) of being complicit in Albanian atrocities against Serbs.[20]

In 1999, the Scahill and Goodman's documentary Drilling and Killing: Chevron and Nigeria's Oil Dictatorship was also awarded one of the prizes of the Overseas Press Club. The keynote speaker was a major supporter of the Kosovo War, Richard Holbrooke, who, to the applause of 300 attendees, announced that the building of the Radio Television of Serbia has been bombed by the NATO. The bombing left 16 media workers dead. The only protesting voices at the ceremony were Scahill and Goodman who wanted to ask Holbrooke questions, but he refused. They then rejected the prize. In 2019 Scahill apologized to the victims' family members in the name of the US government, calling the bombing a war crime.[21][22][23]

After Slobodan Milosevic's death in 2006, Scahill accused the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) of practicing "victors' justice" and being "a poor substitute for a true international court."[24]

War on Terror

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See also: War on Terror

Between 2001 and 2003, Scahill reported frequently from Baghdad for Democracy Now! and other media outlets. As the Iraq invasion began, Scahill appeared frequently on Democracy Now!, often co-hosting with Amy Goodman.[25]

Scahill has reported from Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Yemen, the former Yugoslavia,[26] post-Katrina Louisiana,[27] and elsewhere across the globe. Scahill is a frequent guest on many programs, appearing regularly on The Rachel Maddow Show,[28] Real Time with Bill Maher,[2] and Democracy Now![29] He has also appeared on ABC World News, CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, The Daily Show,[30] CNN, The NewsHour, MSNBC,[31] Bill Moyers Journal,[32] and NPR.[33][34][35] In addition, Scahill has written for The Times, The Sunday Telegraph, the BBC, The Indypendent,[36] the Los Angeles Times,[37] Z Magazine,[38] Socialist Worker,[39] International Socialist Review,[40] The Progressive,[41] In These Times,[42] and The Guardian.[43]

He has been a vocal critic of private military contractors, particularly Blackwater Worldwide, which is the subject of his book, Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army.[44] The book received numerous accolades, including the Alternet Best Book of the Year Award, a spot on both the Barnes & Noble and Amazon lists of the Best Nonfiction Books of 2007, and notable mention in The New York Times.[45]

Scahill's work has sparked several Congressional investigations. In 2010, Scahill testified before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee on the United States' shadow wars in Pakistan, Yemen, and elsewhere:

As the war rages on in Afghanistan and—despite spin to the contrary—in Iraq as well, US Special Operations Forces and the Central Intelligence Agency are engaged in parallel, covert, shadow wars that are waged in near total darkness and largely away from effective or meaningful Congressional oversight or journalistic scrutiny. The actions and consequences of these wars is seldom discussed in public or investigated by the Congress. The current US strategy can be summed up as follows: We are trying to kill our way to peace. And the killing fields are growing in number.[46]

In July 2011, Scahill revealed the existence of a CIA-run counterterrorism center at the airport in Mogadishu, Somalia, and reported on a previously unknown secret prison located in the basement of the U.S.-funded Somali National Security Agency, in which—according to a U.S. official—U.S. agents interrogated prisoners. [citation needed]

When the public became aware of President Obama's "Kill List",[47] Scahill was frequently cited as an expert on the topic of extrajudicial killings.[48] In 2019, he argued that Donald Trump probably represented "the best hope that we've had since 9/11 to end some of these forever wars."[49]

Blackwater

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Scahill's first book, The New York Times bestseller Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army,[50] thoroughly revised and updated to include the Nisour Square massacre, was released in paperback edition in 2008.[51][52] Blackwater depicts the rise of the controversial military contracting firm Blackwater, now called Academi.[53]

Scahill exposed the presence of Blackwater contractors in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina and his reporting sparked a Congressional inquiry and an internal Department of Homeland Security investigation.[54]

Dirty Wars

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Scahill in 2014

Scahill's book Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield was published by Nation Books on April 23, 2013.[55] [56] The main premise of the book is Obama's continuation of Bush's doctrine that "the world is a battlefield" and relying on missiles and drone strikes, JSOC to carry the bulk of the covert operations and targeted killings of suspected terrorists. Scahill expands on this theme by covering topics such as the assassination of U.S. citizens, namely Anwar Awlaki and his 16-year-old son Abdulrahman Anwar al-Awlaki, and the lack of accountability of U.S. special forces, such as the Gardez massacre,[57] where U.S. special forces killed two males, including the pro-U.S. local police commander, as well as three females, two of whom were pregnant. An Afghan investigation found signs of evidence tampering, such as bullets being removed from the wall where the women were shot.[58] Several family members of the victims alleged that the special forces subsequently used their knives to dig the bullets out of the bodies and cleaned the resultant wounds to purge any evidence of the U.S. raid.[59]

The book was released around the same time as a 2013 American documentary directed by Richard Rowley based on a screenplay written by Scahill and David Riker. Scahill both produced and narrated the film. Dirty Wars premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival on January 18, 2013 and was released in four theaters on June 7, 2013. The film was nominated for the 2014 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, ultimately losing to 20 Feet from Stardom.[60]

Abdulelah Haider Shaye

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Scahill has been an advocate for imprisoned Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Haider Shaye. Scahill's March 13, 2012 article in The Nation states that President Obama leaned on Yemen to keep Shaye in jail because of his reporting on the 2009 Al Ma'jalah bombings—Shaye described remnants of U.S. Tomahawk missiles, although the United States initially denied involvement.[61] Subsequent English-language reports on the issue have relied on Scahill's journalism.[62][63][64]

Israel's invasion of Gaza

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Scahill has been a critic of Israel's military response in Gaza since the October 7 Hamas attacks. Writing for The Intercept, Scahill argues that the October 7 attacks were a result of a 75-year campaign by Israel, of ethnic cleansing and apartheid in Gaza.[65] According to him, the primary agenda of Benjamin Netanyahu has long been "the absolute destruction of Palestine and its people".[65]

On October 19, 2024, in a guest appearance on MSNBC with anchor Ayman Mohyeldin, Scahill accused that MSNBC had people on their network who promoted Israeli propaganda.[66][67]

Awards and recognition

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Scahill has won numerous awards, including the George Polk Award (twice),[68] numerous Project Censored Awards, and the Izzy Award,[69] named after investigative journalist I. F. Stone. He was among the few Western reporters to gain access to the Abu Ghraib prison when Saddam Hussein was in power and his story on the emptying of that prison won a 2003 Golden Reel Award from The National Federation of Community Broadcasters.[70] In 2013, he was awarded the Windham–Campbell Literature Prize, one of the richest literary awards in the world.[71][72]

Selected writings

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  • "Blood Is Thicker Than Blackwater" | This article appeared in the May 8, 2006 edition of The Nation[73]
  • "Blackwater's Private Spies" | This article appeared in the June 23, 2008 edition of The Nation[74]
  • "Mercenary Jackpot" | This article appeared in the August 28, 2006 edition of The Nation[75]
  • "Washington's War in Yemen Backfires" | This article appeared in the March 5–12, 2012 edition of The Nation[76]
  • "Blowback in Somalia" | This article appeared in the September 26, 2011 edition of The Nation[77]
  • "The CIA's Secret Sites in Somalia" | This article appeared in the August 1–8, 2011 edition of The Nation[78]
  • "Osama's Assassins" | This article appeared in the May 23, 2011 edition of The Nation[79]
  • The Assassination Complex: Inside the Government's Secret Drone Warfare Program, book by Jeremy Scahill and the staff of The Intercept[80][81]

References

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  1. ^ O'Neill, Patrick (October 10, 2007). "Author Jeremy Scahill discusses how Blackwater is changing how war is waged". Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Real Time Episode 249". HBO: Real Time With Bill Maher. May 18, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  3. ^ "Jeremy Scahill Remembers His Longtime Friend, Father Daniel Berrigan: "The Man was a Moral Giant"". Democracy Now!. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  4. ^ "C-SPAN Video Player – Journalist Jeremy Scahill Speech n the Iraq War, Blackwater & WikiLeaks". Cspan.org. August 13, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  5. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (June 22, 2007). "Confronting empire". Socialist Worker. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  6. ^ Jeremy Scahill | Speaker Profile and Speaking Topics, apbspeakers.com; accessed December 7, 2015.
  7. ^ "Previous Award Winners". Long Island University. 1998. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  8. ^ "Hussein Replaces Iraqi Ambassadors". Democracy Now!.
  9. ^ Hazen, Don. "Bold Face Progressives: Jeremy Scahill's Blackwater Book Big Hit at Giant Book Expo in L.A." Alternet.
  10. ^ '"There is a War on Journalism": Jeremy Scahill on NSA Leaks & New Investigative Reporting Venture', Democracy Now!, December 5, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  11. ^ 'Pierre Omidyar commits $250m to new media venture with Glenn Greenwald', The Guardian, October 16, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  12. ^ 'The Intercept, the first online publication from eBay founder Pierre Omidyar, is now live', The Next Web, February 10, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  13. ^ "Welcome to the Intercept". First Look Media. 2014. Archived from the original on February 10, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  14. ^ Jalabi, Raya (December 5, 2013). "Critics question Catholic nun's 'alternative story' on Syria civil war". The Guardian.
  15. ^ Elber, Lynn (February 16, 2017). "Sparks fly over Maher's booking of provocateur Yiannopoulos". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  16. ^ ""This is about attacking journalism": Press freedom defenders on Assange espionage charges". Salon. May 24, 2019.
  17. ^ Bill Chappell (May 9, 2019). "U.S. Charges Former Intelligence Analyst With Leaking Classified Data To Reporter". National Public Radio. Retrieved September 29, 2019. The indictment does not identify the reporter by name. But it says the reporter made a documentary about the U.S. military's use of drones and was a scheduled speaker at "a Washington, D.C. restaurant/bookstore" on or about April 29, 2013.
  18. ^ "Scahill and Grim Launch New Media Outlet With The Intercept's Support". The Intercept. July 8, 2024. Archived from the original on July 8, 2024. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  19. ^ "Jeremy Scahill Reports from Belgrade". Democracy Now!. May 18, 1999. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  20. ^ "Washington's Men in Kosovo". International Socialist Review. October–November 2000. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
  21. ^ Višnja Aranđelović (April 23, 2023). "Ubijeni radnici RTS-a nemaju ni dostojanstven memorijal" [Killed RTS workers have no dignified memorial]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 9.
  22. ^ "Pacifica Rejects Overseas Press Club Award". Democracy Now!. April 23, 1999.
  23. ^ Beta (April 22, 2019). "UNS: Američki novinar se izvinio u ime svoje države za bombardovanje RTS-a" [UNS: American journalist apologized for his state for bombing RTS]. Danas (in Serbian).
  24. ^ "Rest Easy, Bill Clinton, Milosevic can't talk anymore". The Huffington Post. March 13, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  25. ^ "Inside Baghdad: Democracy Now! Correspondent Jeremy Scahill Reports On What Iraqis Fear". Democracy Now!. March 21, 2003. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  26. ^ "Jeremy Scahill". Selvesandothers.org. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  27. ^ "The Militarization of New Orleans: Jeremy Scahill Reports from Louisiana". Democracynow.org. September 16, 2005. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  28. ^ "Jeremy Scahill on The Rachel Maddow Show". The Rachel Maddow Show. MSNBC. Archived from the original on May 26, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  29. ^ "SHOWS FEATURING JEREMY SCAHILL". Democracy Now!. 1997–2012. Archived from the original on December 18, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  30. ^ "Jeremy Scahill's book Blackwater exposes America's outsourcing of mercenaries in Iraq". The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. April 19, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  31. ^ "Jeremy Scahill: CNN Playing Ball With C.I.A. For Spin On Secret Prisons". Countdown with Keith Olbermann. Current TV. July 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  32. ^ "Jeremy Scahill on Blackwater". PBS: Bill Moyers Journal. October 19, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  33. ^ "Why The U.S. Is Aggressively Targeting Yemen". Fresh Air from WHYY. May 16, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  34. ^ "Journalist Scahill Charts the Rise of Blackwater USA". Fresh Air from WHYY. March 19, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  35. ^ "Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again". Fresh Air from WHYY. December 16, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  36. ^ "Profile: Jeremy Scahill". The Indypendent. 2008–2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  37. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (June 16, 2008). "Blackwater's bright future". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  38. ^ "The Miami Model". Z Magazine. January 2004. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  39. ^ "Let's talk about Israel's nukes". SocialistWorker.org.
  40. ^ "ISR issue 14 - Jeremy Scahill reports from Kosovo". Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  41. ^ "Oil Is Our Damnation - The Progressive".
  42. ^ "Scahill on Osama's Assassination - Video - In These Times". Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  43. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (December 1, 2008). "Barack Obama's kettle of hawks". The Guardian (UK). London. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  44. ^ New York: Nation Books, 2007. ISBN 1-56025-979-5 (hardcover); revised and updated edition, 2008. ISBN 1-56858-394-X
  45. ^ Garner, Dwight (April 8, 2007). "Inside the List". The New York Times.
  46. ^ "Jeremy Scahill Testifies Before Congress on America's Secret Wars". The Nation. December 9, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  47. ^ Becker, Jo; Shane, Scott (May 29, 2012). "Secret 'Kill List' Proves a Test of Obama's Principles and Will". The New York Times. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  48. ^ "The "Kill List"". UP With Chris Hayes. MSNBC. June 1, 2012. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  49. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (January 22, 2019). "Donald Trump Is a Liar — but He May Represent Our Best Hope to End the U.S. Forever Wars". The Intercept. 1:41.
  50. ^ "Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army". Perseus Books. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  51. ^ "Blackwater: From the Nisoor Square Massacre to the Future of the Mercenary Industry". Democracy Now!. June 2, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  52. ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction". The New York Times. April 8, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  53. ^ "Advance Praise for Blackwater". blackwaterbook.typepad.com. January 1, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  54. ^ "In the Black(water)". The Nation. May 29, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  55. ^ "Nation Books". Nation Books. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  56. ^ "Jeremy Scahill: The Secret Story Behind Obama's Assassination of Two Americans in Yemen". Democracy Now!. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  57. ^ "Made in America: The Gardez Massacre". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  58. ^ "After denials, US admits Feb. killing of Afghan women". April 5, 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  59. ^ Oppel, Richard A.; Abdul Waheed Wafa (April 5, 2010). "Afghan Investigators Say U.S. Troops Tried to Cover Up Evidence in Botched Raid". The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
  60. ^ "Nominees for the 86th Oscars". Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  61. ^ Scahill, Jeremey (March 13, 2012). "Why Is President Obama Keeping a Journalist in Prison in Yemen?". The Nation. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  62. ^ Scahill, Jeremey; Marco Werman; Joyce Hackel (April 6, 2012). "Prominent Yemeni Journalist Lands in Jail; US Wants him to Stay There". The World. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  63. ^ "Jeremy Scahill: Why is President Obama Keeping Yemeni Journalist Abdulelah Haider Shaye in Prison?". democracynow.org. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  64. ^ White House Stands By Obama Push for Yemeni Journalist to Remain Behind Bars, ABC News, Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  65. ^ a b Jeremy Scahill (February 7, 2024). "Netanyahu's War On Truth". The Intercept. Retrieved October 22, 2024. It is also true that if Israel had not engaged in a 75-year campaign of ethnic cleansing and apartheid, there would not have been an October 7
  66. ^ Jon Queally (October 20, 2024). "Voices Against 'Extermination Campaign' in Gaza Call Out to the World: 'This Has to Stop!'". Common Dreams. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
  67. ^ @AymanMSNBC (October 19, 2024). "In the days following the killing of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, the war in Gaza has not come close to slowing down. @AymanM talks to @jeremyscahill about what the assassination means for the conflict and its influence on ceasefire talks" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  68. ^ "Previous Award Winners". Long Island University. 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  69. ^ "Investigative Journalist Jeremy Scahill Wins Izzy Award for Independent Media". Ithaca College. March 24, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  70. ^ "NFCB Announces 2003 Golden Reel Award Winners" (PDF). The National Federation of Community Broadcasters. March 21, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  71. ^ Dorie Baker (March 4, 2013). "Yale awards $1.35 million to nine writers". YaleNews. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  72. ^ "Jeremy Scahill Wins $150,000 Windham Campbell Award for Writing". Democracy Now!. March 6, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.[permanent dead link]
  73. ^ "Blood Is Thicker Than Blackwater". Archived from the original on September 24, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2013 – via The Nation.
  74. ^ "Blackwater's Private Spies" – via The Nation.
  75. ^ "Mercenary Jackpot" – via The Nation.
  76. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (February 15, 2012). "Washington's War in Yemen Backfires" – via The Nation. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  77. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (September 7, 2011). "Blowback in Somalia" – via The Nation. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  78. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (December 10, 2014). "The CIA's Secret Sites in Somalia" – via The Nation. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  79. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (May 4, 2011). "Osama's Assassins" – via The Nation. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  80. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (May 3, 2016). The Assassination Complex: Inside the Government's Secret Drone Warfare Program. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-5011-4413-4.
  81. ^ Edward Snowden (May 3, 2016). "Governments can reduce our dignity to that of tagged animals (foreword to The Assassination Complex)". The Guardian. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
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