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For other uses, see ICES (disambiguation).
ICES
Company typeNot-for-profit corporation
Industry
Founded1992
Founder
Headquarters
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Key people
Michael Schull, President and CEO
Products
Number of employees
400+
Websitehttp://www.ices.on.ca

ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences) is an independent, non-profit corporation that applies the study of health informatics for health services research and population-wide health outcomes research in Ontario, Canada, using data collected through the routine administration of Ontario's system of publicly funded health care.  

ICES scientists have secure access to Ontario's health administrative data. ICES research teams produce peer-reviewed scientific journal articles, as well as reports and atlases to assist health care providers, government planners and policy makers in improving population health through the advancement of evidence-based practice and health policy.

ICES was established in 1992 and is governed by a board of directors. ICES receives core funding from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). In addition, ICES faculty and staff receive peer-reviewed grants from federal funding agencies such as the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and project-specific funds from provincial and national organizations.[1]

ICES' central location is on the campus of Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, with satellite locations in Kingston, Ontario, London, Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario and Sudbury, Ontario.[2]

Research programs

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ICES research is distributed across eight health areas:[3]

  1. Cancer
  2. Cardiovascular
  3. Chronic Disease and Pharmacotherapy
  4. Kidney, Dialysis and Transplantation
  5. Life Stage
  6. Mental Health and Addictions
  7. Populations and Public Health
  8. Primary Care and Health Systems

History

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In the early 1990s, the Government of Ontario identified a growing need for evidence on health system performance in Ontario, in order to ensure the quality and efficiency of health services being provided.[4] Dr. David Naylor and Dr. Jack Williams proposed to provincial health officials the creation of a new research institute that would securely analyse the administrative data routinely collected by the government through the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP), in order to produce population-based evidence.

ICES was launched in April 1992, with Naylor as the founding chief executive officer.[4]

Privacy and security

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ICES is designated as a "prescribed entity" in Ontario under the Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA). Under Section 45 of PHIPA, this designation allows ICES to collect and use administrative data for the purposes of monitoring and evaluating the provincial health system.[5] To be eligible to collect and use information under this authority, an organization must receive the approval of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario (the IPC), which must find that the organization is equipped to protect it. All ICES policies, practices and procedures for using data are reviewed and approved by the IPC every three years.[6]

Methodology and data holdings

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The ICES data repository consists of patient-level, coded and linkable health records. It includes publicly funded administrative health services records for the Ontario population eligible for universal health coverage since 1986, within Ontario's population of 14.7 million (as of 2019).[7] Through partnerships, the data repository also securely links data from a variety of health surveys and registries.[8] By linking the different data sets together using anonymous numeric unique identifiers, ICES scientists track different aspects of health service use and patient outcomes over time and across the province.[9]

Examples of research impact

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  1. A 1997 ICES study[10] led by Dr. Donald Redelmeier and published in the New England Journal of Medicine on the links between mobile phone use and motor vehicle collisions helped lay the groundwork for legislation banning driver cell phone use in Ontario and many other jurisdictions.[11]
  2. A 2004 ICES study[12] led by Dr. Muhammad Mamdani published in The Lancet found that of 45,000 Ontario seniors prescribed rofecoxib, 80% had an increase in hospital admissions for heart failure, while patients using other NSAIDs had a 40% increase. Although the absolute risk for heart failure was less than 1%, this finding was significant, given that more than 1 in 5 Ontario seniors were taking these medications. Vioxx was withdrawn from the market later that year.[13]
  3. A 2006 ICES study[14] led by Dr. Laura Park- Wyllie showed that gatifloxacin, a commonly prescribed antibiotic marketed as Tequin, could cause potentially life-threatening blood sugar abnormalities. The investigation showed that patients treated for low blood sugar levels were more than four times as likely to have received gatifloxacin as other common antibiotics, while those hospitalized with high blood sugar levels were nearly 17 times as likely to have been treated with the medication. Health Canada issued a warning[15] shortly after the study appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, and soon after, the drug's manufacturer announced it was halting production.[16]
  4. ICES research into the impact of mandatory reporting on reducing hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infections led by Dr. Nick Daneman[17] has influenced Ontario's MOHLTC policies on mandatory hospital reporting of quality improvement targets.[18]
  5. A 2013 ICES study led by Thérèse Stukel identified nearly 80 informal multispecialty physician networks that formed the theoretical basis for the Ontario Community Health Links initiative currently underway for managing care for patients with complex conditions. The concept was cited as a model for using big data in the public interest in the 2015 Government of Canada "Report of the Advisory Panel on Healthcare Innovation" led by Dr. David Naylor.[19]
  6. Work led by ICES chief science officer Astrid Guttmann in 2015 showed that the number of children and youth being treated for concussion in Ontario had risen sharply during 2003–2011.[20] Concern with these findings helped pave the way for the implementation of "Rowan's Law," requiring measures be taken to prevent and mitigate head injuries due to participation in youth sports.[21]
  7. The 2015 ICES research report "Brain Disorders in Ontario: Prevalence, Incidence and Costs from Health Administrative Data" produced in collaboration with the Ontario Brain Institute[22] is being used in 2016 to plan Ontario's Dementia Strategy.[23]
  8. A 2015 ICES Western study led by Dr. Amit Garg and published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed the feasibility of a new technique to assess risk in living kidney donor candidates, which showed that some donors are unnecessarily excluded as donors for kidney transplantation due to older age or comorbidities. The findings form a framework for the new international clinical practice guidelines[24] in living kidney donation and a risk assessment tool[25] that is being used with donor candidates in Ontario as part of the informed consent process.
  9. Due to a rapid rise in the number of research studies conducted using routinely collected health data, ICES researchers were part of an international committee of researchers who published reporting guidelines called "RECORD" for all observational studies conducted using health data, which are applicable to research using health administrative data, electronic health records, registries, and other data sources.[26] RECORD has been endorsed and implemented by over 15 journals since its publication in October 2015, including the PLoS group of journals, JAMA, The BMJ, and CMAJ.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "About ICES". www.ices.on.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  2. ^ "ICES Contacts & Locations". www.ices.on.ca. Archived from the original on 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  3. ^ "Research Programs". www.ices.on.ca. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  4. ^ a b Dolan, Doug; Grainger, James; MacCallum, Nancy; Creatura, Deborah; Shiller, Jacqueline Forrester and Susan (2012-10-29). "The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences: 20 Years and Counting". Healthcare Quarterly. 15 (4): 19–21. doi:10.12927/hcq.2012.23194. PMID 23803399.
  5. ^ "Law Document English View". Ontario.ca. 2014-07-24. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  6. ^ frank@v51.com. "Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Letter, 2005 - IPC". IPC. Retrieved 2016-10-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "Ontario Fact Sheet". Ontario Ministry of Finance. October 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  8. ^ "ICES Data". www.ices.on.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  9. ^ "Working with ICES Data". www.ices.on.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  10. ^ Redelmeier, D. A.; Tibshirani, R. J. (1997-02-13). "Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (7): 453–458. doi:10.1056/NEJM199702133360701. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 9017937.
  11. ^ McCartt, Anne T.; Kidd, David G.; Teoh, Eric R. (2016-10-12). "Driver Cellphone and Texting Bans in the United States: Evidence of Effectiveness". Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine. 58: 99–114. ISSN 1943-2461. PMC 4001674. PMID 24776230.
  12. ^ Mamdani, Muhammad; Juurlink, David N.; Lee, Douglas S.; Rochon, Paula A.; Kopp, Alex; Naglie, Gary; Austin, Peter C.; Laupacis, Andreas; Stukel, Thérèse A. (2004-05-29). "Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors versus non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and congestive heart failure outcomes in elderly patients: a population-based cohort study". Lancet. 363 (9423): 1751–1756. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16299-5. ISSN 1474-547X. PMID 15172772. S2CID 19098525.
  13. ^ "Muhammad Mamdani, 39: helps Canada make drug decisions". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  14. ^ Park-Wyllie, Laura Y.; Juurlink, David N.; Kopp, Alexander; Shah, Baiju R.; Stukel, Thérèse A.; Stumpo, Carmine; Dresser, Linda; Low, Donald E.; Mamdani, Muhammad M. (2006-03-30). "Outpatient Gatifloxacin Therapy and Dysglycemia in Older Adults" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (13): 1352–1361. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055191. hdl:1807/16915. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 16510739.
  15. ^ "Update regarding the association of Tequin (gatifloxacin) with serious hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia". Health Canada. May 17, 2006. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  16. ^ "Drug Company Taking Tequin Off Market". SF Gate. 2007-11-25. Archived from the original on 2007-11-25. Retrieved 2016-10-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  17. ^ Daneman, N; Stukel, TA; Ma, X; Vermeulen, M; Guttmann, A (2012-07-17). "Reduction in Clostridium difficile Infection Rates after Mandatory Hospital Public Reporting". PLOS Medicine. 9 (7): e1001268. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001268. PMC 3398960. PMID 22815656.
  18. ^ "Hospital C. difficile rates decline with mandatory reporting". CBC News. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  19. ^ Naylor, D (July 2015). "Report of the Advisory Panel on Healthcare Innovation". Government of Canada. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  20. ^ "More Ontario children, youth being treated for concussions: study". CTVNews. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  21. ^ "Rowan's Law Advisory Committee Act, 2016". Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Archived from the original on 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  22. ^ "Brain Disorders in Ontario: Prevalence, Incidence and Costs from Health Administrative Data". www.ices.on.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  23. ^ "Developing Ontario's Dementia Strategy: Discussion Paper". Government of Ontario. 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  24. ^ Richardson, Robert; Connelly, Maureen; Dipchand, Christine; Garg, Amit X.; Ghanekar, Anand; Houde, Isabelle; Johnston, Olwyn; Mainra, Rahul; McCarrell, Ruth; Mueller, Thomas; Nickerson, Peter; Pippy, Christine; Storsley, Leroy; Tinckam, Kathryn; Wright, Linda; Yilmaz, Serdar; Landsberg, David; Protocols Working Group of the Canadian Blood Services' Living Donation Advisory Committee (2015). "Kidney Paired Donation Protocol for Participating Donors 2014". Transplantation. 99 (10 Suppl 1): S1–S88. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000000918. PMID 26425842.
  25. ^ "ESRD Risk Tool". www.transplantmodels.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  26. ^ Benchimol, Eric I.; Smeeth, Liam; Guttmann, Astrid; Harron, Katie; Moher, David; Petersen, Irene; Sørensen, Henrik T.; von Elm, Erik; Langan, Sinéad M. (2015-10-01). "The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement". PLOS Medicine. 12 (10): e1001885. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 4595218. PMID 26440803.
  27. ^ "RECORD Endorsements". record-statement.org. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
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