Hypocreales

Hypocreales
	Tolypocladium sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
(unranked):	Sordariomyceta
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Subclass:	Hypocreomycetidae
Order:	Hypocreales; Lindau (1897)

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families.^[1] Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae.^[2] Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order.^[3] According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021^[update] the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species.^[4] Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order,^[5] where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae.^[6] Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed.^[7] Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.^[8]

Description

Species of Hypocreales are usually recognized by their brightly colored, perithecial ascomata, or spore-producing structures. These are often yellow, orange or red.

Families

(with amount of genera);^[3]^[5]

Bionectriaceae (47)
Calcarisporiaceae (1)
Clavicipitaceae (50)
Cocoonihabitaceae (1)
Cordycipitaceae (21)
Flammocladiellaceae (1)
Hypocreaceae (17)
Myrotheciomycetaceae (4)
Nectriaceae (70)
Niessliaceae (21)
Ophiocordycipitaceae (12)
Polycephalomycetaceae
Sarocladiaceae (comprises two genera, Parasarocladium - 9 species and Sarocladium - 30 species)
Stachybotryaceae (39)
Tilachlidiaceae (3)

Genera incertae sedis

According to a 2020 review of fungal classification, the following genera within the Hypocreales have an uncertain taxonomic placement (incertae sedis), and have not been assigned to any family:^[3]

Acremoniopsis A.Giraldo, Gené & Guarro (2014) – 1 sp.
Andreaeana (Palm & Jochems) Palm & Jochems (1924) - 1 sp.^[9]
Bulbithecium Udagawa & T.Muroi (1990) – 1 sp.
Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel (1916) – 10 spp.
Chondronectria Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa (2017) – 1 sp.
Cylindronectria Etayo (2017) – 1 sp.
Diploospora Grove (1916) – ca. 7 spp.
†Entropezites^[10] Poinar & R.Buckley 2007) – 1 sp.
Gynonectria Döbbeler (2012) – 1 sp.
Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain (1970) – 2 spp.
Haptospora G.L.Barron (1991) – 3 spp.
Illosporiopsis D.Hawksw. (2001) – 1 sp.
Illosporium Mart. (1817) – 17 spp.
Leptobarya Etayo (2017) – 2 spp.
Metadothella Henn. (1904) – 1 sp.
Munkia Speg. (1886) – 4 spp.
†Mycetophagites^[10] Poinar & R.Buckley (2007) – 1 sp.
Neomunkia Petr. (1847) – 1 sp.
Peloronectria Möller (1901) – 3 spp.
Pseudoacremonium Crous (2014) – 1 sp.
Pseudomeliola Speg. (1889) – 10 spp.
Rodentomyces Doveri, Pecchia, Sarrocco & Vannacci (2016) – 1 sp.
Roselliniella Vain (1921) – 19 spp.
Saksenamyces A.N.Rai & P.N.Singh (2018) – 1 sp.
Sedecimiella K.L.Pang, Alias & E.B.G.Jones (2010) – 1 sp.
Sorosporella N.Sorokin, 1888 - 2spp.
Stanjemonium W.Gams, O'Donnell, Schroers & M.Chr. (1999) – 4 spp.
Stilbella Lindau (1900) – 61 spp.
Ticonectria Döbbeler (1998) – 3 spp.
Tilakidium Vaidya, C.D.Naik & Rathod (1986) – 1 sp.

References

^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
^ Lombard, L; Houbraken, J; Decock, C; Samson, RA; Meijer, M; Réblová, M; Groenewald, JZ; Crous, PW (2016). "Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae". Persoonia. 36: 156–246. doi:10.3767/003158516X691582. PMC 4988370. PMID 27616791.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
^ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Sordariales". Catalog of Life. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
^ Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7. hdl:10033/622756. S2CID 219808477.
^ Samarakoon, M.C.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.M.; Stadler, M.; Jones, E.B.G.; Promputtha, I.; Suwannarach, N.; Camporesi, E.; Bulgakov, T.S.; Liu, J.K. (2022). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction of Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)". Fungal Divers. 112 (1): 1–88. doi:10.1007/s13225-021-00495-5. S2CID 244244648.
^ Xiao YP, Wang YB, Hyde KD, Eleni G, Sun JZ, Yang Y, Meng J, Yu H, Wen TC (2023), Polycephalomycetaceae, a new family of clavicipitoid fungi segregates from Ophiocordycipitaceae. Fungal divers, In progress
^ "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b Poinar GO, Buckley R (2007). "Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber". Mycological Research. 111 (4): 503–506. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004. PMID 17512712.

External links

Media related to Hypocreales at Wikimedia Commons

[Kirk_et_al._2008-1] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[Lombard_et_al_2014-2] Lombard, L; Houbraken, J; Decock, C; Samson, RA; Meijer, M; Réblová, M; Groenewald, JZ; Crous, PW (2016). "Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae". Persoonia. 36: 156–246. doi:10.3767/003158516X691582. PMC 4988370. PMID 27616791.

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2020-3] Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.

[CoL-Species_Fungorum-4] Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Sordariales". Catalog of Life. Retrieved 27 April 2021.

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2022-5] Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.

[Hyde2020a-6] Hyde, Kevin D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; Chaiwan, N.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Dai, D.Q.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Devadatha, B.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Dissanayake, L.S.; Doilom, M.; Dong, W.; Fan, X.L.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Huang, S.K.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Karunarathna, A.; Konta, S.; Kumar, V.; Lin, C.G.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, N.G.; Luangsa-ard, J.; Lumyong, S.; Luo, Z.L.; Marasinghe, D.S.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Niego, A.G.T.; Niranjan, M.; Perera, R.H.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Samarakoon, S.M.B.C.; Sarma, V.V.; Senanayake, I.C.; Shang, Q.J.; Stadler, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Wei, D.P.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Xiao, Y.P.; Yang, J.; Zeng, X.Y.; Zhang, S.N.; Xiang, M.M. (2020). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7. hdl:10033/622756. S2CID 219808477.

[Samarakoon2022-7] Samarakoon, M.C.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.M.; Stadler, M.; Jones, E.B.G.; Promputtha, I.; Suwannarach, N.; Camporesi, E.; Bulgakov, T.S.; Liu, J.K. (2022). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction of Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)". Fungal Divers. 112 (1): 1–88. doi:10.1007/s13225-021-00495-5. S2CID 244244648.

[Xiao-8] Xiao YP, Wang YB, Hyde KD, Eleni G, Sun JZ, Yang Y, Meng J, Yu H, Wen TC (2023), Polycephalomycetaceae, a new family of clavicipitoid fungi segregates from Ophiocordycipitaceae. Fungal divers, In progress

[9] "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 28 December 2022.

[Poinar2007-10] Poinar GO, Buckley R (2007). "Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber". Mycological Research. 111 (4): 503–506. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004. PMID 17512712.

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