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György Kurtág

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Kurtág" redirects here. For his wife, see Márta Kurtág.
The native form of this personal name is Kurtág György. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

György Kurtág
Kurtág in 2014 by Lenke Szilágyi [hu]
Born (1926-02-19) 19 February 1926 (age 98)
Lugoj, Romania
Occupations
  • Composer
  • pianist
WorksList of compositions
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1947; died 2019)​

György Kurtág (Hungarian: [ˈɟørɟ ˈkurtaːɡ]; born 19 February 1926) is a Hungarian composer of contemporary classical music and pianist.[1] According to Grove Music Online, with a style that draws on "Bartók, Webern and, to a lesser extent, Stravinsky, his work is characterized by compression in scale and forces, and by a particular immediacy of expression".[2] In 2023 he was described as "one of the last living links to the defining postwar composers of the European avant-garde".[3]

He was an academic teacher of piano at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music from 1967, later also of chamber music, and taught until 1993.

Life and career

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György Kurtág was born on 19 February 1926 in Lugoj, Romania, to Jewish Hungarian parents. From the age of 14, he took piano lessons from Magda Kardos and studied composition with Max Eisikovits in Timișoara.[4][5] He moved to Budapest in 1946 and became a Hungarian citizen in 1948. There, he began his studies at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music, where he met his wife, Márta Kinsker, as well as composer György Ligeti, who became a close friend. His piano teacher at the academy was Pál Kadosa. He studied composition with Sándor Veress and Ferenc Farkas, chamber music with Leó Weiner, and theory with Lajos Bárdos, and graduated in piano and chamber music in 1951 before receiving his degree in composition in 1955.[6] He married Márta in 1947 and their son György was born in 1954.[2]

Following the Hungarian uprising in 1956, Kurtág's time in Paris between 1957 and 1958 was of critical importance for him. There, he studied with Max Deutsch, Olivier Messiaen, and Darius Milhaud. During this time, however, Kurtág was suffering from severe depression. He has said, "I realized to the point of despair that nothing I had believed to constitute the world was true."[7] Kurtág received therapy from art psychologist Marianne Stein, who encouraged him to work from the simplest musical elements, an encounter that revivified him and strongly stimulated his artistic development.[8] During this time, he also discovered the works of Anton Webern and the plays of Samuel Beckett. The string quartet he composed in 1959 after his return to Budapest marks this crucial turning point; he refers to this piece as his Opus 1. He dedicated it to Stein.[9]

Kurtág worked as a répétiteur at the Bartók Music School (1958–63)[2] and at the National Philharmonia in Budapest (1960–68).[8] In 1967, he was appointed professor of piano and later also of chamber music at the Franz Liszt Academy, where he taught until 1993.[8] During this time his students included Zoltán Kocsis[10] and András Schiff.[11]

Kurtág's first international opportunity came in 1968 when his largest work to date, The Sayings of Peter Bornemisza, was performed by Erika Sziklay and Lóránt Szűcs at the Darmstadt Summer Courses for New Music. The critical response was not positive, and his international recognition began to grow only later with Messages of the Late Miss R.V. Troussova for soprano and chamber ensemble, which had its premiere in Paris in 1981.

Since the early 1990s, he has worked abroad with increasing frequency: he was composer in residence at the Berlin Philharmonic (1993–95) and the Vienna Konzerthaus Society (1995).[6] He then lived in the Netherlands (1996–98), again in Berlin (1998–99) and upon invitation by Ensemble InterContemporain, Cité de la Musique, and Festival d'Automne, in Paris (1999–2001). Kurtág and his wife lived near Bordeaux from 2002 to 2015, when they moved back to Budapest. The couple remained married until Márta's death in October 2019.[12]

Music

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See also: List of compositions by György Kurtág
The beginning of the piece "Hommage à Tchaikovsky" from Játékok, parodying the opening of Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto. Kurtág uses special notation in some of the pieces. In the score above, the large black dots mean "play with both palms laid side by side".

According to scholar Rachel Beckles Willson, "Kurtág composes painstakingly and haltingly: in 1985, when he was 59, his output had reached only Op. 23, and several works remained unfinished or had been withdrawn for revision."[2]

Kurtág's compositions are often made up of many very brief movements. Kafka Fragments, for instance, is an approximately 55-minute song cycle for soprano and solo violin made up of 40 short movements, setting extracts from Franz Kafka's writings, diaries, and letters. Music journalist Tom Service wrote that Kurtág's music "involved reducing music to the level of the fragment, the moment, with individual pieces or movements lasting mere seconds, or a minute, perhaps two."[1] Most extreme of all, his piano piece "Flowers We Are, Mere Flowers", from the eighth volume of Játékok ("Games"), consists of just seven notes.[1] Because of this interest in miniatures, Kurtág's music is often compared to Webern's.

Prior to Stele, Op. 33 (written for the Berlin Philharmonic and Claudio Abbado), Kurtág's compositions were mainly vocal solo and choral music and instrumental music ranging from solo pieces to works for chamber ensembles of increasing size. Since Stele, a number of large-scale compositions have been premiered, such as Messages Op. 34 and New Messages Op. 34a for orchestra and the double concerto …concertante… Op. 42. Kurtág's first opera, Fin de partie, based on Samuel Beckett's Endgame, was premiered at La Scala on 15 November 2018,[13] eight years after the original commission.[14]

Beginning in the late 1980s, Kurtág wrote several works in which the spatial distribution of instruments plays an important role. His composition, … quasi una fantasia… for piano and ensemble, premiered in 1988, is the first piece in which he explores the idea of music that spatially embraces the audience.

Kurtág often held master classes in chamber music, and appeared in concerts together with his wife. The couple played an always-renewing selection of pieces for two- and four-hand piano from Kurtág's ten-volume collection Játékok as well as transcriptions.

Most of Kurtág's music is published by Editio Musica Budapest, some by Universal Edition, Vienna, and some by Boosey & Hawkes, London.

Recognition

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Left to right: Sára Gerlóczy, Márta Kurtág (wife), and György Kurtág.

Kurtág has received numerous awards, including Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1985, the Kossuth Award of the Hungarian government for his life achievement in 1973, the Austrian Ehrenzeichen in 1996, and the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 1998. He is also a member of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, and of the Akademie der Künste, Berlin (both since 1987), and was named an Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2001. In 2006, he received the Grawemeyer Award for his composition …concertante… Op. 42, for violin, viola and orchestra.

In 2024 Kurtág received the Wolf Prize, an international award granted in Israel, "for his contribution to the world's cultural heritage, which is fundamentally inspirational and human".

Kurtág received the 2014 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Contemporary Music for, in the view of the jury, its "rare expressive intensity". "The novel dimension of his music", the citation continues, "lies not in the material he uses but in its spirit, the authenticity of its language, and the way it crosses borders between spontaneity and reflection, between formalism and expression."[15][16][17]

Invited by Walter Fink, Kurtág was the 14th composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 2004. The Ensemble Modern and soloists performed his works Opp. 19, 31b and 17. On the occasion of his 80th birthday in February 2006, the Budapest Music Centre honoured him with a festival in his hometown. The same year's editions of Musikfest Berlin, Vienna modern, Holland Festival and Festival d'Automne in Paris dedicated special programmes to Kurtág.

Awards

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Service, Tom (12 March 2013). "A guide to György Kurtág's music". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d Willson 2002.
  3. ^ Poore, Benjamin (30 August 2023). "György Kurtág contemplates his endgame". Engelsberg ideas.
  4. ^ "György Kurtág, unul din cei mai importanți compozitori născuți la Lugoj, omagiat la Budapesta". lugojeanul.ro. 22 January 2024.
  5. ^ Vasilescu, Irina (29 March 2009). "Interviu cu compozitorul György Kurtag". romania-muzical.ro. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b György Kurtág Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine biography, UE
  7. ^ Murray, David (18 September 2006). "Master of the finely wrought fragment". Financial Times. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  8. ^ a b c "György Kurtág". info.bmc.hu. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  9. ^ Griffiths, Paul (1995). Modern Music and After. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-8126-9435-X.
  10. ^ Várnai, Péter P. (2002) [2001]. "Kocsis, Zoltán". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15241. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  11. ^ Plaistow, Stephen (2002) [2001]. "Schiff, András". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.42848. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  12. ^ Allen, David (25 October 2019). "Marta Kurtag Dies at 92, Sundering a Profound Musical Partnership". The New York Times.
  13. ^ "Fin de partie – Teatro alla Scala". www.teatroallascala.org. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  14. ^ Clements, Andrew (19 November 2018). "Fin de Partie review – Kurtág's compelling musical testament". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  15. ^ "The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Contemporary Music category goes in this seventh edition to the Hungarian composer György Kurtág". 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  16. ^ Leticia, Yustos (10 February 2015). "György Kurtág premio Fundación BBVA Fronteras del Conocimiento en la especialidad de música contemporánea". Doce Notas. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  17. ^ Miguel, Pérez Martín (10 February 2015). "György Kurtág gana el Premio BBVA de Música Contemporánea". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  18. ^ "György Kurtág". Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  19. ^ "Recipients of the Foundation for Contemporary Arts". Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  20. ^ "György Kurtág". Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  21. ^ "2006– György Kurtág". 20 July 2006. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  22. ^ "Dirijorul şi compozitorul György Kurtág, la Timişoara şi la Lugoj". ziuadevest.ro. 5 October 2009.
  23. ^ "Gyorgy Kurtag". Royal Philharmonic Society. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  24. ^ "Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  25. ^ "The Schock Prizes reward the creation of theories, art and music". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  26. ^ מיכל (3 July 2024). "György Kurtág". Wolf Foundation. Retrieved 5 July 2024.

Sources

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Further reading

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