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Ewelme

Coordinates: 51°37′16″N 1°04′16″W / 51.621°N 1.071°W / 51.621; -1.071
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the village in Oxfordshire. For the River Ewelme in Gloucestershire, see River Cam, Gloucestershire.

Ewelme
Village and civil parish
Ewelme village seen from the south
Ewelme is located in Oxfordshire
Ewelme
Ewelme
Location within Oxfordshire
Area11.50 km2 (4.44 sq mi)
Population1,048 (2011 Census)
• Density91/km2 (240/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSU6491
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWallingford
Postcode districtOX10
Dialling code01491
PoliceThames Valley
FireOxfordshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
WebsiteEwelme community website
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire
51°37′16″N 1°04′16″W / 51.621°N 1.071°W / 51.621; -1.071

Ewelme (/ˈjuːɛlm/) is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in South Oxfordshire, 2.5 miles (4 km) northeast of the market town of Wallingford. The 2011 census recorded the parish's population as 1,048.[1] To the east of the village is Cow Common and to the west, Benson Airfield, the northeastern corner of which is within the parish boundary. The local geology is chalk overlying gault clay; the drift geology includes some gravel.

Toponym

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The toponym is derived from Ae-whylme, Old English for "waters whelming". It refers to the spring just north of the village, which forms the King's Pool that feeds the Ewelme Brook. The brook flows past Fifield Manor and then through nearby Benson before joining the River Thames. It formed the basis of Ewelme's watercress beds, which provided much local employment until well into the 20th century.[2]

Before the inclosure of 1863, there was no clear boundary between the parishes of Ewelme, Benson and Berrick Salome where they shared large open fields.[3] Ewelme Parish was within the Hundred of Benson in 1086,[4] later renamed the Hundred of Ewelme.[5]

Almshouses and school

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William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, Lord Chamberlain of England, and his wife Alice established the school and cloistered almshouses from their profits from the East Anglian wool trade[6] in 1437, and endowed them with estates in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire and Wiltshire.[7] Alice was the daughter of Thomas Chaucer, Speaker of the House of Commons, and a granddaughter of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer. As lords of the manor, she and her father had both lived at Ewelme Palace which once stood in the village.

Ewelme School is said to be the oldest school building in the UK still in use as a local authority school.[8] Cynthia Harnett featured the school and church prominently in her children's novel The Writing on the Hearth: the action in the book is set around the time the school was built.

The almshouses are officially called "The Two Chaplains and Thirteen Poor Men of Ewelme in the County of Oxford". There were originally thirteen almsmen; as of 2020 the charitable trust[9] runs 23 homes for men and women, in Ewelme and in Marsh Gibbon, Buckinghamshire.[10]

Under King James I, the original purpose of the position of Master of Ewelme Hospital was diverted in 1617 to support the Regius Professorship of Physic at the University of Oxford; this was confirmed in 1628 by the attachment of the stipend to the chair.[11] At the same time, the Rectorship of Ewelme was made to support the same university's Regius Professor of Divinity, who then served as rector of the parish.[12]

Parish church

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Tomb of Alice, Duchess of Suffolk.
Ewelme almshouses

Thomas Chaucer, who died in 1434, his wife Matilda, and their daughter, Alice de la Pole, Duchess of Suffolk, are buried in the Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin adjoining the almshouses.[13] The tomb chest of Thomas and that of his wife Matilda Burghersh are topped with memorial brasses showing him in plate armour and her in mantle, veil and wimple with their respective crests[14] (his a unicorn and hers a lion) at their feet.[15]

Alice's alabaster tomb, almost undamaged by time, consists of a canopy of panelled stone, below which is the recumbent effigy of the Duchess on top of the tomb chest which contains her remains; the space beneath the chest encloses her sculpted cadaver, which is viewed through elaborate reticulated arches. Her effigy was examined by Queen Victoria's commissioners in order to discover how a woman should wear the insignia of the Order of the Garter.

William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk was Alice's third husband; she was married first to Sir John Philip, and second to Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury. Her five-year-old step-great-granddaughter, Anne Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick, also died at Ewelme, but was buried at Reading Abbey. Jerome K. Jerome (1859–1927), author of Three Men In A Boat, lived at Gould's Grove just southeast of Ewelme. He and his wife Ettie (died 1938) are buried in St. Mary's churchyard; their tombstone reads "For we are labourers together with God. I Corinthians III. 9". Scenes in the 2012 film Les Misérables were filmed at the parish church of Ewelme.

The parish church with the almshouses on the right

Amenities

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The village is dominated by the nearby buildings belonging to Benson Airfield. Ewelme has a public house, the Shepherd's Hut, controlled by Greene King Brewery. The village shop[16] is run by volunteers on a not-for-profit basis. Ewelme Cricket Club was founded in 1933.[17]

Since 2006 Ewelme has hosted the annual Chiltern Chase, a charity run of two multi-terrain (cross country) courses: one of 3 miles (5 km) and the other of 6 miles (10 km).[18] Both races start and finish on Cow Common. Normally two charities benefit equally from the proceeds of the event.

Notable residents

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References

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  1. ^ "Area: Ewelme (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  2. ^ Legh, 1999, page not cited
  3. ^ http://www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/sites/default/files/work-in-progress/ewelme_intro.pdf[permanent dead link‍] VCH Oxfordshire Texts in Progress: EWELME. Victoria County History. Accessed 10 August 2015.
  4. ^ http://opendomesday.org/place/SU6491/ewelme/ Open Domesday Map: Ewelme
  5. ^ GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of Ewelme in South Oxfordshire | Map and description, A Vision of Britain through Time. URL: http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/9651. Date accessed: 10 August 2015
  6. ^ Rowley, 1978, page 118
  7. ^ "History". The Ewelme Almshouse Charity. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Ewelme C.E. Primary School -".
  9. ^ "God's House In Ewelme, registered charity no. 200581". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
  10. ^ "God's House in Ewelme: Trustees' Report and Accounts". Charity Commission. 31 December 2020. p. 2. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  11. ^ Page 1907, p. 156.
  12. ^ "Chapter 5, Ewelme under the Stuarts, and during the Civil War. Commonwealth and Restoration". Ewelme – a Romantic Village its Past and Present. Its People and its History. Fords Farm.
  13. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hunt, William (1887). "Chaucer, Thomas". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 167–168.
  14. ^ "NFP: Images of Ewelme Church, Oxfordshire". www.nashfordpublishing.co.uk.
  15. ^ Simpson, Justin (5 May 1857). "A List of the Sepulchral Brasses of England: Alphabetically Arranged in Counties". J. Ford – via Google Books.
  16. ^ "Home". Ewelme Village Store.
  17. ^ "Ewelme Cricket Club". Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  18. ^ "Home". www.chilternchase.org.uk.
  19. ^ "India Hicks and Her Family Build a Country Retreat in Oxfordshire". www.homejournal.com.

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ewelme.
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