Entobia

Entobia; Temporal range: Devonian–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell
Trace fossil classification
Ichnofamily:	†Entobiaidae
Ichnogenus:	†Entobia; Bronn, 1838
Type ichnospecies
	Entobia cretacea; Portlock, 1843
Ichnospecies
	List E. cretacea Portlock, 1843 ; E. michelini (Nardo, 1845) ; E. glomerata (Michelin, 1846) ; E. nardina (Michelin, 1846) ; E. duvernoyi (Michelin, 1847) ; E. irregularis (d’Orbigny, 1850) ; E. ramosa (d’Orbigny, 1850) ; E. parisiensis (d’Orbigny, 1850) ; E. dissociata (Duchassaing, 1850) ; E. duvernoysii (Duchassaing, 1850) ; E. pectita (Michelotti, 1861) ; E. strombi (Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864) ; E. megastoma (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) ; E. falunica (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) ; E. cerithii (Fraas, 1867) ; E. paradoxa (Fischer, 1868) ; E. praecursor (Fischer, 1868) ; E. cerithiorum (Fischer, 1868) ; E. tubulosa (Seguenza, 1879) ; E. perforata (Seguenza, 1882) ; E. intricata (Seguenza, 1882) ; E. catenata (Frič, 1883) ; E. exogyrarum (Frič, 1883) ; E. mammillata (Chapman, 1907) ; E. peregrinator (Chapman, 1907) ; E. bullini (Annandale, 1920) ; E. devonica (Clarke, 1921) ; E. radiciformis (Lehner, 1937) ; E. microtuberum (Stephenson, 1941) ; E. retiformis (Stephenson, 1952) ; E. cateniformis Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. geometrica Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. laquea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. ovula Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. volzi Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 ; E. depressa Ghare, 1985 ; E. dendritica Pleydell & Jones, 1988 ; E. gigantea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 ; E. magna Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 ; E. parva Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 ; E. astrologica Mikuláš, 1992 ; E. solaris Mikuláš, 1992 ; E. goniodes Bromley & Asgaard, 1993 ; E. cervicornis Fürsich et al., 1994 ; E. convoluta Edinger & Risk, 1994 ; E. micra Wisshak, 2008 ; E. nana Wisshak, 2008 ; E. cracoviensis Bromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009 ; E. resinensis Santos et al., 2011 ; E. colaria Wisshak et al., 2017 ; E. morrisi Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 ; E. tuberculata Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 ;
Synonyms
	Clionites Morris in Mantell, 1850; Topsentia Clarke, 1921 (junior homonym); Topsentopsis de Laubenfels in Moore, 1955; Uniglobites Pleydell & Jones, 1988;

Entobia is a trace fossil in a hard substrate (typically a shell, rock or hardground made of calcium carbonate) formed by sponges as a branching network of galleries, often with regular enlargements termed chambers. Apertural canals connect the outer surface of the substrate to the chambers and galleries so the sponge can channel water through its tissues for filter feeding.^[2] The fossil ranges from the Devonian to the Recent.^[3]^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Wisshak, M.; Knaust, D.; Bertling, M. (2019). "Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list". Facies. 65 (2): 24. doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8.
^ Bromley, R.G. (1970). "Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, as an example". Geological Journal. 3: 49–90.
^ Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. (2003). "Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities". Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1–2): 1–103. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62....1T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Tapanila, L. (2006). "Devonian Entobia borings from Nevada, with a revision of Topsentopsis". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 760–767. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[760:DEBFNW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129195867.

External links

Image of Entobia cretacea as a cast showing canals and chambers in three dimensions

*Entobia* from the Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) of Starkville, Mississippi. Preserved as a cast of the excavations.

[Bioerosion2019-1] Wisshak, M.; Knaust, D.; Bertling, M. (2019). "Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list". Facies. 65 (2): 24. doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8.

[2] Bromley, R.G. (1970). "Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, as an example". Geological Journal. 3: 49–90.

[3] Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. (2003). "Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities". Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1–2): 1–103. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62....1T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Tapanila, L. (2006). "Devonian Entobia borings from Nevada, with a revision of Topsentopsis". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 760–767. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[760:DEBFNW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 129195867.

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Entobia Temporal range: Devonian–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell
Trace fossil classification
Ichnofamily:	†Entobiaidae
Ichnogenus:	†Entobia Bronn, 1838
Type ichnospecies
Entobia cretacea Portlock, 1843
Ichnospecies^[1]
List E. cretacea Portlock, 1843 E. michelini (Nardo, 1845) E. glomerata (Michelin, 1846) E. nardina (Michelin, 1846) E. duvernoyi (Michelin, 1847) E. irregularis (d’Orbigny, 1850) E. ramosa (d’Orbigny, 1850) E. parisiensis (d’Orbigny, 1850) E. dissociata (Duchassaing, 1850) E. duvernoysii (Duchassaing, 1850) E. pectita (Michelotti, 1861) E. strombi (Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864) E. megastoma (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) E. falunica (Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) E. cerithii (Fraas, 1867) E. paradoxa (Fischer, 1868) E. praecursor (Fischer, 1868) E. cerithiorum (Fischer, 1868) E. tubulosa (Seguenza, 1879) E. perforata (Seguenza, 1882) E. intricata (Seguenza, 1882) E. catenata (Frič, 1883) E. exogyrarum (Frič, 1883) E. mammillata (Chapman, 1907) E. peregrinator (Chapman, 1907) E. bullini (Annandale, 1920) E. devonica (Clarke, 1921) E. radiciformis (Lehner, 1937) E. microtuberum (Stephenson, 1941) E. retiformis (Stephenson, 1952) E. cateniformis Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. geometrica Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. laquea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. ovula Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. volzi Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. depressa Ghare, 1985 E. dendritica Pleydell & Jones, 1988 E. gigantea Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. magna Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. parva Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. astrologica Mikuláš, 1992 E. solaris Mikuláš, 1992 E. goniodes Bromley & Asgaard, 1993 E. cervicornis Fürsich et al., 1994 E. convoluta Edinger & Risk, 1994 E. micra Wisshak, 2008 E. nana Wisshak, 2008 E. cracoviensis Bromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009 E. resinensis Santos et al., 2011 E. colaria Wisshak et al., 2017 E. morrisi Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 E. tuberculata Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019
Synonyms^[1]
Clionites Morris in Mantell, 1850 Topsentia Clarke, 1921 (junior homonym) Topsentopsis de Laubenfels in Moore, 1955 Uniglobites Pleydell & Jones, 1988