[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

Danish People's Party

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Danish People's Party (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Party of the Danes.

Danish People's Party
Dansk Folkeparti
AbbreviationDF
O[a]
LeaderMorten Messerschmidt
Parliamentary leaderPeter Kofod
Founded6 October 1995
Split fromProgress Party
HeadquartersChristiansborg,
1240 Copenhagen
Youth wingYouth of the Danish People's Party
Membership (2021)9,427[1]
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing to far-right
ReligionEvangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark
European Parliament groupPatriots for Europe
(since 2024)[nb 1]
Nordic Council affiliationNordic Freedom
Colours
  •   Blue
  •   Red (official)[2]
  •   Yellow (customary)[3][4]
Folketing
7 / 179[b]
European Parliament
1 / 15
Regional Councils[5]
4 / 205
Municipal Councils[6]
62 / 2,436
Mayors
0 / 98
Election symbol

O
Party flag
Website
danskfolkeparti.dk

The Danish People's Party (Danish: Dansk Folkeparti, DF; or sometimes in English: DPP) is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in Denmark. It was formed in 1995 by former members of the Progress Party (FrP).

The party saw a period of significant growth after its founding and lent its support to the Venstre–Conservative People's Party coalition government that ruled from the general election of 2001 until the 2011 election defeat. While not part of the cabinet, DF cooperated closely with the governing coalition on most issues and received support for key political stances in return, to the point that the government was commonly referred to as the "VKO-government" (O being DF's election symbol).[7] It also provided parliamentary support to Lars Løkke Rasmussen's cabinets from 2016 to 2019, again without participating in it. In the 2014 European Parliament election in Denmark, DF secured 27% of the vote as part of the European Conservatives and Reformists group. This was followed by receiving 21% of the vote in the 2015 general election, becoming the second largest party in Denmark for the first time.

However, since 2015, the party has since seen a decline in support, falling to 3rd place and 10.8% of the vote in the 2019 European Parliament election in Denmark, and to just 8.7% in the 2019 Danish general election, resulting in a loss of 21 seats and a return to opposition. The party would later lose over half of its seats in the 2021 Danish local elections, losing 130 of the 221 it held before the election, achieving just 4.1% of the vote. Some commentators attributed the losses to internal conditions within the party and conflicts with the leadership, its perceived indecisiveness in government and rival parties adopting many of its policy ideas. The DF would also suffer a number of defections during 2022 following the rise of the Denmark Democrats party which many former DF members and supporters joined.[8][9][10][11] It would receive its worst general election result ever in 2022, when it only won five seats. As of February 2023, due to defections from Nye Borgerlige, DF now has seven of the seats in the Danish Folketing.

History

[edit]

The party's popularity has grown since its inception, taking 25 seats in the 179-member Folketing in the 2007 parliamentary election (13.8% of the vote, remaining the third largest party in Denmark).[12] In the 2011 parliamentary election, while maintaining its position as the third largest party, DF received 12.3% of the vote, marking its first electoral decline.[13]

Kjærsgaard leadership (1995–2012)

[edit]

Early years (1995–2001)

[edit]
Pia Kjærsgaard, co-founder and chairman of the Danish People's Party from 1995 until 2012. Bornholm, 2011

The Danish People's Party was founded on 6 October 1995, after Pia Kjærsgaard, Kristian Thulesen Dahl, broke out from the Progress Party.[14] Its first national convention was held in Vissenbjerg on 1 June 1996, where Pia Kjærsgaard was unanimously elected as the party's chairman.[15] The party was established in protest over the "anarchistic conditions" of the Progress Party, and its "all or nothing" policies. It was initially seen by many as a "clone" of the Progress Party, but this was soon proved false.[14] In a struggle to be respected as a responsible party able to cooperate with others and distance it from the conditions in the Progress Party, the leadership of the party struck down criticism from its members by means of expulsions.[7] The party saw a highly centralized party leadership as necessary, as it would not tolerate internal conflicts and disagreements with the official strategy.[16]

The party was the first successful parliamentary party in the Nordic countries to relate philosophically more closely to the French Nouvelle Droite, than to the previous Nordic form of right-wing populism. DF represented a synthesis of several political currents: the Lutheran movement Tidehverv and its related journal, an intellectual nationalist right from the Danish Association (Den Danske Forening) and conservative populists from the Progress Party.[17][18]

In 1997, the party won about 7% in the municipal elections, and did very well in traditional left-wing municipalities, potentially rivaling the Social Democrats.[19] By 1998, the party had 2,500 registered members.[19] The party made its electoral debut in the 1998 Danish parliamentary election, winning 13 seats and 7.4% of the vote. The party was, however, left with no influence in the formation of a government; it was shut out in large part due to the perception that it was not stuerent (i.e. not acceptable or "housebroken").[7]

Venstre-Conservative coalitions (2001–2011)

[edit]
Danish prime minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen who in 2001 began giving the DF political concessions for supporting his governments. Copenhagen, 2006

In the 2001 election, the party won 12% of the vote and 22 seats in parliament. It became the third largest party in the parliament, giving them a key position, as they would have a parliamentary majority together with the Conservative People's Party and Venstre. DF was favoured by these parties, as it had supported the Venstre candidate for Prime Minister, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, during the election campaign.[16] Eventually, it gave its parliamentary support for a Venstre-Conservative coalition government, headed by Prime Minister Rasmussen, in exchange for the implementation of some of their key demands, first and foremost stricter policies on immigration.[7] The party had a key role in writing the rules and conditions for immigration in the immigration law that was established by the government in May 2002,[20] which it called "Europe's strictest".[21]

In the 2005 election, the party further increased their vote, and won 13.2% of the vote and 24 seats.[7] With young first-time voters the party was even more popular, receiving one fifth of their votes.[22] The party continued to support the government, and developed a broader policy base, as it made welfare policies its core issue, together with immigration policies.[7]

In 2006, the party's popularity rose dramatically in opinion polls following the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, at the expense of the Social Democrats. The average of all monthly national polls showed DF gaining seven seats in parliament from January to February, with the Social Democrats losing an equal number.[23] This effect, however, somewhat waned with the falling media attention to the cartoons controversy.

In the 2007 parliamentary election, DF won 13.9% and 25 seats, and again continued to support the Conservative-Liberal government. Thus, in every election since its founding the party has had a steady growth, although the growth rate has stagnated somewhat in recent years. Parties in the political centre, particularly the newly founded New Alliance had sought to become the kingmaker and be able to isolate the immigration policies of DF, but eventually failed.[7] The party was a member of the Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy (MELD).[24][25]

In the 2009 elections for the European Parliament, the prime candidate for the party, Morten Messerschmidt, won his seat in a landslide with 284,500 personal votes (most votes for any single candidate by any party); thus giving the party a second seat (which went to Anna Rosbach Andersen).[26] The party made a breakthrough from its previous results in European elections, more than doubling its vote to 15.3%, and receiving 2 MEPs.

On 15 September 2012, Kristian Thuesen Dahl succeeded Kjærsgaard as chairman.[27]

Thulesen Dahl leadership (2012–2022)

[edit]

During the 2015 election the DF won 21.08% of the national vote under the leadership of Kristian Thulesen Dahl, the highest since its founding and gained 37 seats putting the party in second place. In the aftermath, the party entered negotiations with Venstre to again provide parliamentary support in return for stricter policies on immigration and the EU. A minority government headed by Lars Løkke Rasmussen was subsequently formed with the DF, the Liberal Alliance and the Conservative People's Party providing support.[28]

The party suffered a major defeat in the 2019 election, recording its worst result since 1998. It won just 8.7% of the vote and 16 seats, a net loss of 21 seats since 2015; it fell to third place, just narrowly outpolling the Social Liberals. Some journalists and political commentators opined that the DF's loss in support was as a result of the party's refusal and indecisiveness on taking direct part in government and the main parties including the Social Democrats adopting many of the DF's policies on immigration and integration.[29]

In January 2022, Dahl stood down as leader and was replaced by Morten Messerschmidt in a leadership election where he won 499 out of the 828 delegators' votes against two other candidates.[30] After Messerschmidt a total of 11 out of 16 MPs had in June left the party including Thuelsen Dahl who was the only one of them who passed on his seat to the next in line.[31]

Messerschmidt leadership (2022–present)

[edit]

At the 2022 election, the party suffered its worst election result ever with 2.6% of the vote, equal to 5 seats.[32] In December 2022, Morten Messerschmidt was acquitted of all charges related to prior allegations of misuse of EU funds according to several political analysts and commentators, paving the way for a restoration of the party.[33][34][35][36][37] During January and February 2023, Mikkel Bjørn and Mette Thiesen, who were both elected for Nye Borgerlige, joined the Danish People's Party, increasing its seat count to seven.[38][39]

As of September 2024 the Danish People's Party has seen its support increased to around 4% in the polls.

Ideology and policies

[edit]
This article is part of a series on
Conservatism in Denmark
Principles
Intellectuals
Politicians
Parties
Media
Related topics

DF is a nationalist[40] and right-wing populist party.[41] It is positioned on the right-wing[42] to far-right[43][44][45] of the political spectrum. The DF's stated goals are to protect the freedom and cultural heritage of the Danish people, including the family, the monarchy and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark, to enforce a strict rule of law, to work against Denmark becoming a multi-cultural society by limiting immigration and promoting cultural assimilation of admitted immigrants, to maintain a strong welfare system for those in need, and to promote entrepreneurship and economic growth by strengthening education and encouraging people to work, to protect the environment and natural resources, and to protect Danish sovereignty against the European Union.[46] In comparison to its predecessor, the Progress Party, the DF focuses more on immigration, while at the same time being more pragmatic on other topics.[47][48] While overall considered part of the radical right, its policies on most economic issues would rather place the party in the centre to centre-left.[47] The party's former leader, Kristian Thulesen Dahl, once declared DF an anti-Muslim party.[49]

Immigration

[edit]
Poster for the 2007 election. It referred to the controversy the year before, depicting a hand-drawn image of Islamic prophet Muhammad with caption "Freedom of speech is Danish, censorship is not", and "We stand our ground on Danish values".[50][51][52]

DF is opposed to immigration.[53] The party holds that Denmark is not naturally a country of immigration. The party also does not accept a multi-ethnic transformation of Denmark,[54] and rejects multiculturalism.[7] Former party leader Pia Kjærsgaard stated she did "not want Denmark as a multiethnic, multicultural society",[55] and that a multiethnic Denmark would be a "national disaster".[56] The party seeks to drastically reduce non-Western immigration and favors cultural assimilation of immigrants from all religions. In 2010, the party proposed to put a complete stop to all immigration from non-Western countries, a continuation of a proposal the month before to toughen the 24-year rule.[57] They do, however, make the distinction between immigrants, those who intend to stay in Denmark permanently, and refugees, those that will only be in Denmark for the duration of the conflict, but ultimately intend to return home. The party has stated that it is more than happy to help those in need, but have a moral responsibility to the people of Denmark to keep Denmark Danish.[58]

Cooperation with the Conservative-Liberal coalition government resulted in the implementation of some of their key demands, most importantly strong restrictions in immigration policies, which have resulted in what is often described as Europe's strictest immigration laws.[21] The new government enacted rules that prevented Danish citizens and others from bringing a foreign spouse into the country unless both partners were aged 24 or above, passed a solvency test showing the Dane had not claimed social security for 12 months, and could lodge a bond of 60,011 kroner (about US$10,100). One declared aim of this was to fight arranged marriages. These new rules had the effect that while about 8,151 family reunification permits were granted in 2002, the number had fallen to 3,525 by 2005. Some social benefits for refugees were also cut by 30-40% during their first seven years in power. Ordinary unemployment benefits were replaced by a reduced "start-up aid". Whereas the government coalition's declared aim with this was to improve integration by inciting people to work, immigration spokesman Søren Krarup of DF has expressed his content in that the start-up aid has decreased the number of economic refugees greatly, showing them that "one does not find gold on the street, as has been told out in the third world".[59] Nevertheless, total immigration increased post implementation of the migration reforms.[citation needed]

Domestic policy

[edit]

The party advocates stricter punishments for crimes such as rape, violence, sexual abuse, reckless driving, and cruelty to animals. It supports grants for specific research into terrorism, Islamism, and Cold War history as well as increased defense spending. It also wants to maintain the Danish monarchy and the current Danish constitution, and to abolish the 'hate speech' clause in the Danish criminal code.[60][61]

Economy

[edit]

The party is considered to be the first pure example of a radical right-wing populist (RRP) party in Denmark; as such the party was described as the "pioneer of welfare chauvinism".[62] According to Scandinavian Political Studies, the success of the party in the 2015 election was not based only on its hardline stance towards immigration, but also its support for pro-welfare, redistributive policies that voters considered highly neglected by the Social Democrats. This made "economic insecurity, marginalization, regional core–periphery divides" the decisive factors of the 2015 election. In the 2019 Danish general election, Social Democrats were then able to regain voters they lost to Danish People's Party by sharply turning left on welfare and redistribution, as well as shifting right on social issues by adopting "left-conservative" stances. DPP was therefore classified as economically left and socially right-wing, as it shares its voter base with a “left conservative” social democratic party, which Social Democrats became between 2015 and 2019.[62]

Despite its right-wing orientation, Danish People's Party stands to the left of center on the issues of economic and welfare, favouring staunchly left-wing policies towards the elderly. However, the party also has a strong welfare chauvinist policy, and has some conservative inclinations on income benefits. While the populist nature of the party could make its program appear blurry and constantly oscillating between the economic centre and economic left, its economic stance is much closer to Social Democrats and the Socialist People's Party than the centre-left Danish Social Liberal Party.[62] DPP largely tried to imitate the traditionally left-wing economic policies; this made DPP a "working-class party" that was able to attract manual workers at odds with the stance of left-wing Danish parties on socio-cultural issues. Prior to 2015, these voters would still vote for traditional left-wing parties as long as they identified with their economic positions and saw them as defenders of the working class.[63]

Norwegian political scientist Anders Ravik Jupskås described Danish People's Party as a unique right-wing populist party that appeals to "authoritarian working class" and presents a platform that is "a combination of left-wing economics and nativist immigration policies".[64] The party described itself as the "true defender of the Danish welfare state" and campaigned on excluding immigrants from the Danish welfare state as the best way to protect it.[65] However, the party also spoke in favour of increasing spending for Danish pensions and healthcare, and it was found that the party's voteres "most unanimously favour increasing expenditures, even in comparison with social democrats and left wing voters". The party warned against the creeping market liberalisation and attacked neoliberalism and globalization on both economic and social perspectives, which allowed it to make inroads with working-class voters. The party also promised to empower trade unions and entered cooperation agreements with minor unions and workers' associations.[66] The party wants to improve conditions for the elderly and disabled.[citation needed]

Under Messerschmidt's leadership, the party has moved in a more economic liberal direction, advocating tax cuts.[67][68]

Foreign policy

[edit]
Campaign poster at Copenhagen Central Station during the 2014 European Parliament election where the DF became the biggest party and Messerschmidt received the highest number of personal votes ever cast in a Danish election.

The party supported Danish participation in France's Operation Serval against Islamist fighters in Mali. However, it opposed proposals for Danish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.[69]

Europe

[edit]

The party opposes a cession of Denmark's sovereignty to the European Union and opposes further EU integration and Eurofederalism. It also opposes the Euro currency and wants to maintain the Danish krone. It is also against the potential accession of Turkey to the European Union.[70] DF is Eurosceptic.[71][72]

In 2007, the party opposed the Danish government's plan to recognise the independence of Kosovo, and maintained the territorial integrity of Serbia.[73]

Although the party supports Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War, it has stated that its support has an "expiration date",[74] and expressed opposition to Ukrainian EU membership, criticising the Ukrainian government's approach to rule of law.[75] In July 2024, the party's MEP Anders Vistisen proposed a motion stating there is "no military solution to the conflict and that peace is the only viable and sustainable solution", urging Ukraine and Russia to conduct peace talks.[76]

NATO

[edit]

The DF also supports Danish membership of NATO.[77] The party initially voted in favour of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, but in 2014, the foreign affairs spokesman Søren Espersen said this support had been mistaken and that the rule of former dictator Saddam Hussein was "far preferable" to the events that followed.[78] He claimed the party had "blindly followed" Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen at the time of the invasion.[79]

The party supported Danish enforcement of a no-fly zone during the 2011 military intervention in Libya,[80] but was initially sceptical of proposals for direct Danish military involvement. The party later supported the decision out of solidarity with NATO.[81] The party leadership subsequently supported extending the Danish mission in Libya, despite the disagreement of its defense spokesman Ib Poulsen.[82][83] Three years after the intervention, foreign affairs spokesman Espersen stated the party's support for the intervention was a "mistake" and predicated on a misunderstanding of the ideology of the Libyan rebels.[84]

Middle East

[edit]

The DF is supportive of Israel and opposes the recognition of Palestine on the grounds that there is no effective Palestinian state,[85] and wants to move the Danish embassy in Israel to Jerusalem.[86]

Asia

[edit]

The party seeks international recognition of Taiwan and supports Taiwan in its disputes with the People's Republic of China.[87]

Analysis of vote

[edit]
  • An analysis by the trade union SiD after the 2001 election stated that among unskilled workers aged under 40, 30% voted for DF and only 25% for the Social Democrats.[88]
  • Decreased importance of "economic cleavage": Several authors believe that the political "cleavages" of European societies have changed over recent decades[89] Contemporary Western European democracies are characterized by two major cleavage dimensions: the economic cleavage dimension, which pits workers against the capital, and which concerns the degree of state involvement in the economy, and the socio-cultural cleavage dimension.[citation needed]
  • Referendums brought the rejection of the Maastricht Treaty and the Euro. The DF has managed to harness this scepticism more effectively than others.[90]

One feature, compared to other Danish parties, is that the Danish People's Party is usually underrepresented by about 1-1.5% in opinion polls. Election researchers have suggested that the party's voters may be less interested in politics, and therefore declining to talk to pollsters, or that voters are reluctant to reveal their support for the party to pollsters.[91]

Organization

[edit]

Leaders

[edit]

The party has had the following leaders since its foundation:


No. Portrait Leader Took office Left office Time in office Ref.
1
Pia Kjærsgaard
Kjærsgaard, PiaPia Kjærsgaard
(born 1947)		6 October 199511 September 201216 years, 341 days[92]
2
Kristian Thulesen Dahl
Thulesen Dahl, KristianKristian Thulesen Dahl
(born 1969)		12 September 201223 January 20229 years, 133 days[93]
3
Morten Messerschmidt
Messerschmidt, MortenMorten Messerschmidt
(born 1980)		23 January 2022Incumbent2 years, 307 days[94]

International affiliations

[edit]

The Danish People's Party distanced itself from the Sweden Democrats until 2010, when Pia Kjærsgaard travelled to Sweden to support the Sweden Democrats' election campaign.[95] Danish People's Party foreign affairs spokesman Søren Espersen subsequently hosted the Sweden Democrats and said both parties would work together in the Nordic Council,[96] with the parties ultimately forming the Nordic Freedom group in 2012.

In the European Parliament, the Danish People's Party was initially part of Union for Europe of the Nations group from 1999 to 2009, alongside parties like the Polish Law and Justice and the Italian Lega Nord and National Alliance, as well as the associated Alliance for Europe of the Nations pan-European political party. In 2009, it joined the UK Independence Party-led Europe of Freedom and Democracy group and the associated Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy alliance, alongside its Nordic ally, the Finns Party. In 2014, along with the Finns Party, it moved to the British Conservative Party-dominated European Conservatives and Reformists group, and threatened to cut ties with the Sweden Democrats if they continued negotiations to join a new group involving the French National Front (FN) and the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ).[97] Despite this, in 2019, the DF itself announced it would join a new European Parliament group led by the Lega Nord's Matteo Salvini called Identity and Democracy (ID), which also involved the FN and FPÖ.[98] During a 2024 bid by the FN's successor, the National Rally, to exclude Alternative for Germany (AfD) from the ID Group, the DF stated that the AfD could only remain in the group if it expelled Maximilian Krah,[99] and later joined the RN in voting to expel the AfD.[100] After the 2024 European Parliament election, the DF joined the Patriots for Europe group, which was founded by the Hungarian Fidesz, the FPÖ and the Czech ANO 2011.[101]

Election results

[edit]

Parliament

[edit]
Election Votes % Seats +/– Government
1998 252,429 7.4 (#5)
13 / 179
 Steady Opposition
2001 413,987 12.0 (#3)
22 / 179
 Increase 9 External support
2005 444,205 13.3 (#3)
24 / 179
 Increase 2 External support
2007 479,532 13.9 (#3)
25 / 179
 Increase 1 External support
2011 436,726 12.3 (#3)
22 / 179
 Decrease 3 Opposition
2015 741,539 21.1 (#2)
37 / 179
 Increase 15 External support
2019 308,219 8.7 (#3)
16 / 179
 Decrease 21 Opposition
2022 93,428 2.6 (#12)
5 / 179
 Decrease 11 Opposition

Local elections

[edit]
Municipal elections
Year Seats
# ±
1997
119 / 4,685
 New
2001
168 / 4,647
 Increase 49
Municipal reform
2005
125 / 2,522
 Decrease 43
2009
186 / 2,468
 Increase 61
2013
255 / 2,444
 Increase 69
2017
223 / 2,432
 Decrease 32
2021
91 / 2,436
 Decrease 130
 
Regional elections
Year Seats
# ±
1997
21 / 374
 New
2001
24 / 374
 Increase 3
Municipal reform
2005
14 / 205
 Decrease 10
2009
19 / 205
 Increase 5
2013
23 / 205
 Increase 4
2017
21 / 205
 Decrease 2
2021
6 / 205
 Decrease 15
 
Mayors
Year Seats
No. ±
2005
0 / 98
2009
0 / 98
 Steady 0
2013
0 / 98
 Steady 0
2017
1 / 98
 Increase 1
2021
0 / 98
 Decrease 1

European Parliament

[edit]
Year List leader Votes % Seats +/– EP Group
1999 Mogens Camre 114,865 5.83 (#8)
1 / 16
 New UEN
2004 128,789 6.80 (#6)
1 / 14
 Steady 0
2009 Morten Messerschmidt 357,942 15.28 (#4)
2 / 13
 Increase 1 EFD
2014 605,889 26.61 (#1)
4 / 13
 Increase 2 ECR
2019 Peter Kofod 296,978 10.76 (#4)
1 / 14
 Decrease 3 ID
2024 Anders Vistisen 156,014 6.37 (#9)
1 / 15
 Steady 0 PfE

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Official party letter on voting ballot
  2. ^ Only 175 of the 179 seats in the Danish Parliament, the Folketing, are obtainable by Danish political parties as Greenland and the Faroe Islands are assigned two seats each due to their status as territories in the Kingdom of Denmark.
  1. ^ The party was formerly part of the Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009), the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014), European Conservatives and Reformists Group (2014–2019), and Identity and Democracy (2019–2024).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hoffmann-Hansen, Henrik; Nilsson, Simone; Jespersen, Johan Storgaard; Krasnik, Benjamin; Fabricius, Kitte; Schmidt, Mara Malene Raun; Gosmann, Mie Borggreen Winther og Sara Mathilde (3 October 2022). "Overblik: Partierne i Danmark". Kristeligt Dagblad (in Danish). Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Farvekoder" (PDF). Danskfolkeparti.dk. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  3. ^ KORT Da Dansk Folkeparti blev størst i hele Danmark. DR.
  4. ^ "DF står til markant tilbagegang i Sydjylland: S bliver størst" [DPP expected to decline in Southern Jutland: S will be biggest]. Berlingske Tidende. Ritzau. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  5. ^ "AKVA3: Valg til regions råd efter område, parti og stemmer/kandidater/køn". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  6. ^ "VALGK3: Valg til kommunale råd efter område, parti og stemmer/kandidater/køn". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h "Dansk Folkeparti". Den store dansk. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  8. ^ "Tidligere DF'er Hans Kristian Skibby vil også være med i Støjbergs parti | Nyheder". DR (in Danish). 25 June 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Endnu en tidligere DF'er melder sig klar for Danmarksdemokraterne | Nyheder". DR (in Danish). 25 June 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  10. ^ "Jens Henrik Thulesen Dahl melder sig ind i Støjbergs nye parti - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 24 June 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  11. ^ "Peter Skaarup forlader Dansk Folkeparti: Vil være kandidat i Inger Støjbergs nye parti". DR (in Danish). 24 June 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  12. ^ "Danish centre-right wins election". BBC News. 14 November 2007.
  13. ^ "Folketingsvalg torsdag 15. september 2011". dst.dk. Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  14. ^ a b Richter-Jørgensen, Christian Bjerre; Frøstrup, Freja; Abel Lytken, Louise; Gerion Johansen, Christina (2004). "Dansk Folkeparti - en succes" [The Danish people's party - a success]. Roskilde University Digital Archive (in Danish). p. 9. Archived from the original on 3 August 2007.
  15. ^ "Historie". Dansk Folkeparti. Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  16. ^ a b Meret, 2009, p. 99.
  17. ^ Khazaleh, Lorenz (29 March 2008). "- A symptom of large societal changes". CULCOM. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012.
  18. ^ Hervik, Peter. 2011. The Annoying Difference: The Emergence of Danish Neonationalism, Neoracism, and Populism in the Post-1989 World. Berghahn Books. p. 25.
  19. ^ a b Meret, 2009, p. 98.
  20. ^ Meret, 2009, p. 100.
  21. ^ a b "Denmark's immigration issue". BBC. 19 February 2005.
  22. ^ Valgretsalder – unges partivalg og deltagelse. DUF Fakta. 2009.
  23. ^ "Dansk Folkeparti sterkt fram". NRK (NTB) (in Norwegian). 3 March 2006.
  24. ^ "Intern EU-rapport retter skarp kritik af udgifter i Messerschmidts europæiske parti". 16 October 2015.
  25. ^ "DF-sejltur blev også støttet af dansk EU-kasse - TV 2". 20 October 2015.
  26. ^ "Personlige stemmer ved Europa-Parlamentsvalget 7. juni 2009" (PDF). Danmarks Statistik.
  27. ^ "Thulesen Dahl valgt til formand for DF". Altinget.dk. 15 September 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  28. ^ "Denmark's Rasmussen to form minority govt". Yahoo! News. 21 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  29. ^ "Anti-immigrant Sweden Democrats celebrate election gains". Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Morten Messerschmidt bliver ny formand for Dansk Folkeparti". Altinget.dk (in Danish). 23 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Liste: De har forladt Dansk Folkeparti". Altinget.dk (in Danish). 26 June 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  32. ^ "DF mister over 100.000 stemmer på to valg i Sjællands Storkreds". Berlingske (in Danish). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  33. ^ "Morten Messerschmidt frifundet for svindel med EU-midler". DR (in Danish). 21 December 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  34. ^ Jørgenssen, Steen A.; Redder, Anders (21 December 2022). "Morten Messerschmidt er frifundet for EU-svindel". Jyllands-Posten (in Danish). Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  35. ^ "I dag falder der dom – og det kan afgøre fremtiden for Messerschmidt og Dansk Folkeparti - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 21 December 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  36. ^ "Morten Messerschmidt frifindes - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 21 December 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  37. ^ Øgendahl, Rune (21 December 2022). "Morten Messerschmidt frifundet: - En gylden mulighed for et martyrium". avisendanmark.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  38. ^ Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (2 June 2023). "Dansk Folkeparti". Den Store Danske. Retrieved 4 June 2023. I begyndelsen af 2023 steg mandattallet til syv, da to tidligere Nye Borgerlige-medlemmer tilsluttede sig Dansk Folkeparti; først Mikkel Bjørn Sørensen (f. 1995) den 24.1.2023 og siden Mette Thiesen (f. 1981) den 6.2.2023.
  39. ^ Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina (20 April 2023). "Nye Borgerlige". Den Store Danske. Retrieved 4 June 2023. Den 24. januar 2023 brød også Mikkel Bjørn Sørensen med Nye Borgerlige og meldte sig ligeledes ind i Dansk Folkeparti
  40. ^
  41. ^
  42. ^
  43. ^ "Danemark: Comment l'extrême droite est devenue la première formation de la majorité". 19 June 2015.
  44. ^ Didelot, Nelly. "Au Danemark, la victoire idéologique de l'extrême droite". Libération.
  45. ^ "Finlande, Suède, Danemark… en Europe du Nord, l'extrême droite monte". La Croix. 3 April 2023.
  46. ^ "The Party Program of the Danish People´s Party - Dansk Folkeparti - dit land, dit valg". Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  47. ^ a b Liubomir K. Topaloff (2012). Political Parties and Euroscepticism. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 178.
  48. ^ Christoffer Green-Pedersen, Pontus Odmalm (2013). "Going different ways? Right-wing parties and the immigrant issue in Denmark and Sweden". In Tim Bale. Immigration and Integration Policy in Europe: Why Politics - and the Centre-Right - Matter. Routledge. p. 59.
  49. ^ "Thulesen Dahl erklærer DF antimuslimsk". Berlingske Tidende. 14 May 2008.
  50. ^ Sulugiuc, Gelu (13 November 2007). "Denmark still seen as no asylum haven after election". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
  51. ^ Fouché, Gwladys (25 October 2007). "Danish election ad reignites Muhammad cartoon controversy". The Guardian. London.
  52. ^ Buch-Andersen, Thomas (13 November 2007). "Danes in poll tussle over migrants". BBC News.
  53. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  54. ^ "Principprogram". Dansk Folkeparti. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
  55. ^ "Världens lyckligaste folk". 1 September 2009, TV4.
  56. ^ "Pia Kjærsgaards tale om Udlændingepolitik, Årsmødet 1997". danskfolkeparti.dk (in Danish). 4 October 1997. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  57. ^ "Halt on non-Western immigration proposed". The Copenhagen Post. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010.
  58. ^ "Dansk Folkepartis principprogram - læs om partiets værdier". danskfolkeparti.dk. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  59. ^ "DF: Starthjælpen skal holde udlændinge ude". DR.DK. DR. 7 December 2006. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  60. ^ "DF vil af med racismeparagraf". dr.dk. 18 June 2003. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  61. ^ Mchangama, Jacob; Stjernfelt, Frederik (2016). MEN: Ytringsfrihedens historie i Danmark. Gyldendal A/S. ISBN 978-87-02-21618-9.
  62. ^ a b c Søren Frank Etzerodt; Kristian Kongshøj (5 March 2022). "The implosion of radical right populism and the path forward for social democracy: Evidence from the 2019 Danish national election". Scandinavian Political Studies. 45 (3): 279–300. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.12225.
  63. ^ Jens Rydgren (2004). "Explaining the Emergence of Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties: The Case of Denmark". West European Politics. 27 (3): 474–502. doi:10.1080/0140238042000228103. S2CID 55947108.
  64. ^ Anders Ravik Jupskås [in Norwegian] (6 June 2019). "Why did the Danish People's Party lose more than fifty percent of its votes?". sv.uio.no.
  65. ^ Juliana Chueri (14 April 2023). "We cannot ignore the populist radical-right impact on the welfare state". ecpr.eu.
  66. ^ Andersen, Jørgen Goul (2003). "The Danish People's Party and new cleavages in Danish politics". Aalborg Universitet.
  67. ^ "Messerschmidt i markant opgør med sin forgænger: Vil sænke skatten og gøre Dansk Folkeparti mere blåt". 26 August 2023.
  68. ^ "Messerschmidts kursskifte skulle samle blokken – men de blå venner bider ikke til bolle - TV 2". 30 August 2023.
  69. ^ "Dansk Folkeparti utelukker Syria-deltakelse". 23 January 2013.
  70. ^ "EU-politik". Dansk Folkeparti (in Danish). Archived from the original on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  71. ^ Lenz, Hartmut; Dorussen, Han (2006), "Denmark: the Nordic model as an effort to bridge elite Euro-optimism and popular Euro-skepticism", Policy Making Processes and the European Constitution, Routledge, p. 70
  72. ^ Kelstrup, Morten (2006), "Denmark in the Process of European Integration: Dilemmas, Problems, and Perspectives", National Identity and the Varieties of Capitalism: The Danish Experience, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 390
  73. ^ "DF siger nej til, at regeringen anerkender Kosovo". Jyllands-Posten (in Danish). 9 December 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  74. ^ "DF-profil: Støtten til Ukraine har en udløbsdato – og den kommer tættere og tættere på". Berlingske. 13 December 2024.
  75. ^ "European Parliament's competing hard-right groups will unite to form bloc, Anders Vistisen says". Euronews. 29 May 2024.
  76. ^ "MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the need for the EU's continuous support for Ukraine". European Parliament. 16 July 2024. Kinga Gál, Sebastiaan Stöteler, Anders Vistisen
  77. ^ "The Party Program of the Danish People's Party". Danish People's Party. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  78. ^ "Dansk Folkeparti: Irak var bedre tjent med Saddam". 27 August 2014.
  79. ^ "Dansk Folkeparti: Vi skulle ikke have væltet Saddam Hussein". 7 February 2019.
  80. ^ "DF vil haste Libyen-sag gennem Folketinget". 18 March 2011.
  81. ^ Ritzau. "DF åbner for militært angreb i Libyen". fyens.dk. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  82. ^ "SF vil overveje at drosle ned i Libyen". 7 June 2011.
  83. ^ "Søren Espersen: DF bakker fortsat op om indsatsen i Libyen". danskfolkeparti.dk. 6 June 2011.
  84. ^ "Danske politikere: Interventionen i Libyen var en stor fejl". 29 July 2014.
  85. ^ Frandsen, Kasper (29 January 2015). "Vælgerne vil anerkende Palæstina". Altinget. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  86. ^ Søndergaard Ingvorsen, Emil (6 December 2017). "Dansk Folkeparti: Vi bør også anerkende Jerusalem som hovedstad". dr.dk. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  87. ^ "Pia Kjærsgaard: DF arbejder for Taiwan". Dansk Folkeparti (in Danish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  88. ^ Dansk Folkeblad, vol. 4, 2002.
  89. ^ Hout, M., Brooks, C. and Manza, J. 1996. "The persistence of classes in post-industrial societies", in Lee, D. J. and Turner, B. S. eds. Conflicts about Class. Debating Inequality in Late Industrialism. London: Longman, pp. 55–56
  90. ^ Catherine E. De Vries & Erica E. Edwards. 2009. Taking Europe To Its Extremes Extremist Parties and Public Euroscepticism. Party Politics January 2009 vol. 15 no. 1 5-28. doi: 10.1177/1354068808097889
  91. ^ "DF er bedre end meningsmålinger". TV2. 5 November 2007.
  92. ^ "Pia Kjærsgaard / Folketinget".
  93. ^ "Kristian Thulesen Dahl".
  94. ^ "Morten Messerschmidt".
  95. ^ Brandel, Tobias (11 September 2010). "Kjærsgaard kritiserade Sahlin och Reinfeldt" [Kjærsgaard criticized Sahlin and Reinfeldt]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish).
  96. ^ Olsson, Lova (12 November 2010). "Now SD gets more Danish support". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  97. ^ "The Danish People's Party threatens to abandon the Sweden Democrats". 14 November 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  98. ^ https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-afd-joins-italys-league-in-new-populist-coalition/a-48249992
  99. ^ "Vistisen med ultimatum til AfD: Smid spidskandidat ud eller forlad gruppen". Kristeligt Dagblad (in Danish). Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  100. ^ "Far-right ID group expels Alternative for Germany". POLITICO. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024. Only the leaders of Austrian and Estonian far-right parties in the European parliament joined the AfD in voting to keep the party as part of the ID group.
  101. ^ "Dansk Folkeparti slutter sig til Orbán og hans nye allierede i Europa-Parlamentet". DR. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danish_People%27s_Party&oldid=1254059542"