Centruroides

Centruroides; Temporal range: Neogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Striped bark scorpion (Centruroides vittatus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Scorpiones
Family:	Buthidae
Genus:	Centruroides; Marx, 1890
Diversity
	About 100 species

Centruroides is a genus of scorpions of the family Buthidae. Several North American species are known by the common vernacular name bark scorpion. Numerous species are extensively found throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles and northern South America.^[1] Some are known for their interesting patterning or large size (among Buthidae); most if not all fluoresce strongly under ultraviolet illumination, except after moulting. They contain several highly venomous species, and fatalities are known to occur. The venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus contains the neurotoxins Cll1 and Cll2.

Taxonomy

The number of species accepted as valid may vary, depending on the authority. The genus is highly speciose, containing at least 100 species:^[2]^[3]

Centruroides alayoni Armas, 1999
Centruroides altagraciae Teruel, de Armas & Kovarik, 2015
Centruroides anchorellus Armas, 1976
Centruroides arctimanus Armas, 1976
Centruroides baergi Hoffmann, 1932
Centruroides balsasensis Ponce & Francke, 2004
Centruroides bani Armas & Marcano Fondeur, 1987
Centruroides baracoae Armas, 1976
Centruroides barbudensis (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides berstoni Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021
Centruroides bertholdii (Thorell, 1876)
Centruroides bicolor (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides bonito Quijano-Ravell, Teruel & Ponce-Saavedra, 2016
Centruroides caral Armas & Trujillo, 2013
Centruroides caribbeanus Teruel & Myers, 2017
Centruroides chamela Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011
Centruroides chamulaensis Hoffmann, 1932
Centruroides catemacoensis Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021
Centruroides chanae Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021
Centruroides chiapanensis Hoffmann, 1932
Centruroides concordia Armas & Teruel, 2021
Centruroides cuauhmapan Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021
Centruroides edwardsii (Gervais, 1843)
Centruroides elegans (Thorell, 1876)
Centruroides exilicauda (Wood, 1863)
Centruroides exilimanus Teruel & Stockwell, 2002
Centruroides exsul (Meise, 1933)
Centruroides fallassisimus Armas & Trujillo, 2010
Centruroides farri Armas, 1976
Centruroides flavopictus (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides franckei Santibanez-Lopez & Contreras-Felix, 2013
Centruroides fulvipes (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides galano Teruel, 2001
Centruroides gracilis (Latreille, 1804)
Centruroides granosus (Thorell, 1876)
Centruroides griseus (C. L. Koch, 1844)
Centruroides guanensis Franganillo, 1930
Centruroides hamadryas Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021
Centruroides hentzi (Banks, 1900)
Centruroides hirsuticauda Teruel, 2011
Centruroides hirsutipalpus Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2009
Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996
Centruroides huichol Teruel, Ponce-Saavedra & Quijano-Ravell, 2015
Centruroides infamatus (C. L. Koch, 1844)
Centruroides insulanus (Thorell, 1876)
Centruroides ixil Trujillo & Armas, 2016
Centruroides jaragua Armas, 1999
Centruroides jorgeorum Santiago-Blay, 2009
Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin, 1912
Centruroides lauriadnae Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2019
Centruroides limbatus (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides limpidus (Karsch, 1879)
Centruroides luceorum Armas, 1999
Centruroides lucidus Teruel, Armas & Kovarik, 2015
Centruroides marcanoi Armas, 1981
Centruroides margaritatus (Gervais, 1841)
Centruroides mascota Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011
Centruroides meisei Hoffmann, 1939
Centruroides melanodactylus Teruel, 2001
Centruroides navarroi Teruel, 2001
Centruroides nigrescens (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides nigrimanus (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides nigropunctatus Teruel, 2006
Centruroides nigrovariatus (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides nitidus (Thorell, 1876)
Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, 1932
Centruroides ochraceus (Pocock, 1898)
Centruroides orizaba Armas & Martin-Frias, 2003
Centruroides ornatus Pocock, 1902
Centruroides pallidiceps Pocock, 1902
Centruroides panamensis Arias & Esposito, 2014
Centruroides platnicki Armas, 1981
Centruroides pococki Sissom & Francke, 1983
Centruroides polito Teruel, 2007
Centruroides poncei Teruel, Kovarik, Baldazo-Monsivais & Hoferek, 2015
Centruroides possanii Gonzalez-Santillan, Galan-Sanchez & Valdez-Velazquez, 2019
Centruroides rileyi Sissom, 1995
Centruroides robertoi Armas, 1976
Centruroides rodolfoi Santibanez-Lopez & Contreras-Felix, 2013
Centruroides romeroi Quijano-Ravell, De Armas, Francke & Ponce-Saavedra, 2019
Centruroides ruana Quijano-Ravell & Ponce-Saavedra, 2016
Centruroides sanandres Armas, Sarmiento & Florez, 2012
Centruroides sasae Santiago-Blay, 2009
Centruroides schmidti Sissom, 1995
Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing, 1928
Centruroides serrano Santibanez-Lopez & Ponce-Saavedra, 2009
Centruroides simplex (Thorell, 1876)
Centruroides sissomi Armas, 1996
Centruroides spectatus Teruel, 2006
Centruroides stockwelli Teruel, 2001
Centruroides suffusus (Pocock, 1902)
Centruroides tapachulaensis Hoffmann, 1932
Centruroides tecomanus Hoffmann, 1932
Centruroides tenuis Thorell, 1876
Centruroides testaceus (DeGeer, 1778)
Centruroides thorellii (Kraepelin, 1891)
Centruroides tuxtla Armas, 1999
Centruroides underwoodi Armas, 1976
Centruroides villegasi Baldazo-Monsivaiz, Ponce-Saavedra & Flores-Moreno, 2013
Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821)
Centruroides yucatanensis Goodman, Prendini, Francke & Esposito, 2021

References

^ Sissom, W. D. & W. O. Lourenço (1987). "The genus Centruroides in South America (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 15: 11–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
^ Rein, J. O. (2022). "Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837". The Scorpion Files. Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
^ Teruel, R. & F. Kovařík (2010). "The true identity of the enigmatic scorpion Centruroides subgranosus (Kraepelin, 1898), with some taxonomic comments on Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821) and Centruroides suffusus Pocock, 1902 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" (PDF). Euscorpius. 97: 1–9.

[teruel&rein2010-1] Sissom, W. D. & W. O. Lourenço (1987). "The genus Centruroides in South America (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 15: 11–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-01-07.

[scorpionfiles-2] Rein, J. O. (2022). "Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837". The Scorpion Files. Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet. Retrieved 6 May 2022.

[teruel&kovarik2010-3] Teruel, R. & F. Kovařík (2010). "The true identity of the enigmatic scorpion Centruroides subgranosus (Kraepelin, 1898), with some taxonomic comments on Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821) and Centruroides suffusus Pocock, 1902 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" (PDF). Euscorpius. 97: 1–9.

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