[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

Bill Withers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Australian politician, see Bill Withers (politician). For the Welsh sportsman, see Bill Withers (snooker player). For other people with similar names, see William Withers (disambiguation).

Bill Withers
Withers in 1976
Withers in 1976
Background information
Birth nameWilliam Harrison Withers Jr.
Born(1938-07-04)July 4, 1938
Slab Fork, West Virginia, U.S.
DiedMarch 30, 2020(2020-03-30) (aged 81)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • musician
  • record producer
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • keyboards
Years active
  • 1967–1985
  • 2004
Labels
Websitebillwithers.com

William Harrison Withers Jr. (July 4, 1938 – March 30, 2020) was an American singer and songwriter. He is known for having several hits over a career spanning 18 years, including "Ain't No Sunshine" (1971), "Grandma's Hands" (1971), "Use Me" (1972), "Lean on Me" (1972), "Lovely Day" (1977) and "Just the Two of Us" (1980) (recorded in collaboration with Grover Washington Jr.). Withers won three Grammy Awards out of nine total nominations.

His life was the subject of the 2009 documentary film Still Bill.[2] Withers was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2005 and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015.[3][4] Two of his songs, "Ain't No Sunshine" and "Lean on Me", were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[5]

Early life

[edit]

William Harrison Withers Jr., the youngest of six children, was born in the small coal mining town of Slab Fork, West Virginia, on July 4, 1938.[6][7] He was the son of Mattie (née Galloway), a maid, and William Withers, a miner.[4] Withers was of African-American and English descent. He developed a stutter as a child and later said he had a hard time fitting in.[8] His parents divorced when he was three, and he was raised by his mother's family in nearby Beckley, West Virginia.[9] He was 13 years old when his father died.[8]

Career

[edit]

Withers enlisted in the United States Navy at the age of 17[10] and served for nine years, during which time he became interested in singing and writing songs.[11] He left the Navy in 1965, relocating to Los Angeles in 1967 to start a music career.[8][10]

His debut release was "Three Nights and a Morning" in 1967. Arranged by Mort Garson, the song went unnoticed at the time but was later reworked by Withers as the track "Harlem."[12]

Withers worked as a mechanical assembler for several different companies, including Douglas Aircraft Corporation, IBM and Ford,[13] while recording demo tapes with his own money, shopping them around, and performing in clubs at night. When he hit with the song "Ain't No Sunshine" in 1971, he refused to resign from his job because he believed the music business was a fickle industry.[8]

Music career

[edit]

Withers continued to work on his musicianship, learning guitar.[13]

Sussex Records

[edit]
Withers smiling and leaning in front of a brick wall
Withers in a 1971 ad for Just as I Am

In early 1970, Withers' demo tape was auditioned favorably by Clarence Avant, owner of Sussex Records. Avant signed Withers to a record deal and assigned former Stax Records stalwart Booker T. Jones to produce Withers's first album.[8] Four three-hour recording sessions were planned for the album, but funding caused the album to be recorded in three sessions with a six-month break between the second and final sessions. Just as I Am was released in 1971 with the tracks, "Ain't No Sunshine" and "Grandma's Hands" as singles. The album features Stephen Stills playing lead guitar.[14] On the cover of the album, Withers is pictured at his job at Weber Aircraft in Burbank, California, holding his lunch box.[7]

The album was a success, and Withers began touring with a band assembled from members of the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band.[15] Withers won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for "Ain't No Sunshine" at the 14th Annual Grammy Awards in 1972. The track had already sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in September 1971.[16]

During a hiatus from touring, Withers recorded his second album, Still Bill. The single, "Lean on Me" went to number one the week of July 8, 1972. It was Withers' second gold single with confirmed sales in excess of three million.[16] His follow-up, "Use Me", released in August 1972, became his third million-seller, with the R.I.A.A. gold disc award taking place on October 12, 1972.[16] His performance at Carnegie Hall on October 6, 1972, was recorded and released as the live album Bill Withers, Live at Carnegie Hall on November 30, 1972. In 1974, Withers recorded the album +'Justments.

During this time, he wrote and produced two songs on the Gladys Knight & the Pips album I Feel a Song, and in October 1974 performed in concert together with James Brown, Etta James, and B.B. King in Zaire four weeks prior to the historic Rumble in the Jungle fight between George Foreman and Muhammad Ali.[17] Footage of his performance was included in the 1996 documentary film When We Were Kings, and he is heard on the accompanying soundtrack. Other footage of his performance is included in the 2008 documentary film Soul Power.[18]

Withers has said of Sussex Records “They weren’t paying me." He claims to have erased an entire album that he had recorded for the label in a fit of pique. “I could probably have handled that differently,” he said.[19] Due to a legal dispute with the Sussex company, Withers was unable to record for some time thereafter.[20]

Columbia Records

[edit]

After Sussex Records folded, Withers signed with Columbia Records in 1975.[13] His first album release with the label, Making Music, included the single "She's Lonely," which was featured in the film Looking for Mr. Goodbar along with "She Wants to (Get on Down)". During the next three years he released an album each year with Naked & Warm (1976), Menagerie (1977; containing the successful "Lovely Day"), and 'Bout Love (1978).[21]

Due to problems with Columbia and being unable to get songs approved for his album, he decided to focus on joint projects from 1977 to 1985, including "Just the Two of Us," with jazz saxophonist Grover Washington Jr., which was released during February 1981.[22] The song won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song.[23] Withers next released "Soul Shadows" with the Crusaders, and "In the Name of Love" with Ralph MacDonald,[24] the latter being nominated for a Grammy for vocal performance.[23]

In 1982, Withers was a featured vocalist on the album Dreams in Stone by French singer Michel Berger. This record included one composition co-written and sung by Withers, "Apple Pie"[25] an upbeat disco song about New York City.[26]

In 1985 came Watching You, Watching Me, which featured the Top 40-rated R&B single Oh Yeah! and ended Withers' business association with Columbia Records. Withers stated in interviews that a lot of the songs approved for the album—in particular, two of the first three singles released—were the same songs that had been rejected in 1982, contributing significantly to the eight-year hiatus between albums.[22] Withers also stated it was frustrating seeing his record label release an album for Mr. T, an actor, when they were preventing him, an actual songwriter, from releasing his own. He toured with Jennifer Holliday in 1985 to promote what would be his final studio album.[22]

Withers' disdain for Columbia's A&R executives—or "blaxperts" as he termed them—trying to exert control over his sound to sell more albums played a part in his decision to not record or re-sign to a record label after 1985. This effectively ended his performing career, though remixes of his previously recorded music were released well after his "retirement."[8][11][27][28][29] Finding musical success later in life than most, at 32, he said he was socialized as a "regular guy" who had a life before the music, so he did not feel an inherent need to keep recording once he fell out of love with the industry.[8] After he left the music industry, he said that he did not miss touring and performing live and did not regret leaving music behind.[8][11]

Post-Columbia career

[edit]

In 1988, a new version of "Lovely Day" from the 1977 Menagerie album, entitled "Lovely Day (Sunshine Mix)" and remixed by Ben Liebrand was released. The original release had reached number 7 in the UK in early 1978, and the re-release climbed higher to number 4.[30]

At the 30th Annual Grammy Awards in 1988, Withers won the Grammy for Best Rhythm and Blues Song as songwriter for the re-recording of "Lean on Me" by Club Nouveau. This was Withers' ninth Grammy nomination and third win.[10] Withers contributed two songs to Jimmy Buffett's 2004 release License to Chill. Following the reissues of Still Bill on January 28, 2003, and Just As I Am on March 8, 2005, there was speculation of previously unreleased material being issued as a new album.[31] In 2006, Sony Music gave Withers’ previously unreleased tapes back to him.[32] In 2007, "Lean on Me" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[33]

At the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in 2014, Bill Withers: The Complete Sussex & Columbia Albums Collection, a nine-disc set featuring Withers' eight studio albums as well as his live album Live at Carnegie Hall, received the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album (sharing the award with the Rolling Stones' Charlie Is My Darling – Ireland 1965). The award was presented to Leo Sacks, who produced the collection, and the mastering engineers Mark Wilder, Joseph M. Palmaccio, and Tom Ruff.[34]

Withers standing before a small crowd in a suit
Withers at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015

In 2005, Withers was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[10] In April 2015, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Stevie Wonder. He described the honor as "an award of attrition" and said: "What few songs I wrote during my brief career, there ain't a genre that somebody didn't record them in. I'm not a virtuoso, but I was able to write songs that people could identify with. I don't think I've done bad for a guy from Slab Fork, West Virginia."[8][35] Later that year, a tribute concert in his honor was held at Carnegie Hall featuring Aloe Blacc, Ed Sheeran, Dr. John, Michael McDonald, and Anthony Hamilton. The concert recreated Withers' 1973 concert album, Live at Carnegie Hall, along with some of his other material. Withers was in attendance and spoke briefly onstage.[36][37]

In February 2017, he made an appearance on Joy Reid's MSNBC show to talk about the refugee crisis as well as the political climate in America.[38]

Still Bill documentary

[edit]

The 2009 documentary, "Still Bill", explored his reasons for quitting the music industry and painted the picture of a fulfilled musician and human being. Roger Ebert said: "[Withers] still lives and survives as a happy man. Still Bill is about a man who topped the charts, walked away from it all in 1985 and is pleased that he did."[19]

Legacy

[edit]
Vinyl copy of "Lean On Me" by Bill Withers
Vinyl copy of "Lean On Me" by Bill Withers

Withers is known for his "smooth" baritone vocals and "sumptuous" soul arrangements.[39] He wrote some of the most covered songs of the 1970s, including "Lean on Me" and "Ain't No Sunshine."[4] The former entered the Hot 100 chart through multiple versions, including Club Nouveau's 1987 cover, which made the composition one of nine songs to have led the chart via different acts.[40] With "Lovely Day", he set the record for the longest sustained note on an American chart hit, holding a high E for 18 seconds.[39]

Editors from The Guardian considered that Withers' songs are "some of the most beloved in the American songbook", citing, "'Ain't No Sunshine' is regarded as one of the all-time great breakup tracks, while 'Lean on Me' [is] an ode to the supportive power of friendship ..."[41] For the same newspaper, Alex Petridis noticed "[he] laid pain and paranoia under his deceptively gentle songs, and retired early having conquered gospel, funk, blues, disco and more."[42] In Rolling Stone, Andy Greene noted that several of his songs "are embedded in the culture and have been covered countless times."[43]

Writing for The New York Times, Giovanni Russonello considered Withers "[a] soulful singer with a gift for writing understated classics", adding, "the ultimate homespun hitmaker, he had an innate sense of what might make a song memorable, and little interest in excess attitude or accoutrements. Ultimately Withers reminded us that it's the everyday that is the most meaningful: work, family, love, loss."[44] A Billboard article considered that Withers "stands as one of R&B/soul music's most revered singer-songwriters."[40] In the same magazine, writer Gail Mitchell acknowledged "Withers' legacy has flourished in the decades since, thanks to a cross-section of artists who have covered/sampled his songs or cited him as a major influence."[45]

Musician and music journalist Questlove referred to Withers' post-breakup 1974 album +'Justments as "a diary [...] [it] was a pre-reality-show look at his life. Keep in mind this was years before Marvin Gaye did it with Here, My Dear."[8] The Beach Boys' Brian Wilson deemed him "a songwriter's songwriter".[39] Musicians Sade,[46] D'Angelo,[47] Justin Timberlake,[48] John Legend[49] and Ed Sheeran[7] have credited Withers as a music inspiration.

Withers has been widely sampled by hip hop and pop music artists, including Basehead, Blackstreet, Kendrick Lamar, DMX, Tupac Shakur, Jennifer Lopez and Aaliyah.[50]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Withers at number 106 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[51] The Library of Congress' National Recording Registry inducted "Ain't No Sunshine" in the 2024 list of 25 sound recordings.

Personal life

[edit]
Bill onstage hugging his daughter and speaking into a microphone
Withers with his daughter Kori at a 2008 tribute concert

Withers married actress Denise Nicholas in 1973 during her stint on the sitcom Room 222.[8] They divorced in 1974.[52]

In 1976, Withers married Marcia Johnson. They had two children, Todd and Kori.[8] Marcia eventually assumed the direct management of his publishing companies, in which his children also became involved as they became adults.[53][54]

Withers died from heart complications in a Los Angeles hospital on March 30, 2020, at age 81; his family announced his death four days later.[55][56]

The family statement read:

We are devastated by the loss of our beloved, devoted husband and father. A solitary man with a heart driven to connect to the world at large, with his poetry and music, he spoke honestly to people and connected them to each other. As private a life as he lived close to intimate family and friends, his music forever belongs to the world. In this difficult time, we pray his music offers comfort and entertainment as fans hold tight to loved ones.[19]

He is interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park.[57]

Discography

[edit]
Main article: Bill Withers discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
  • The Best of Bill Withers (1975)
  • The Best of Bill Withers (1980)
  • Bill Withers' Greatest Hits (1981)
  • Lean on Me: The Best of Bill Withers (1994)
  • The Best of Bill Withers: Lean on Me (2000)
  • The Ultimate Bill Withers Collection (2000)
  • Lovely Day: The Very Best of Bill Withers (2005)
  • Ain't No Sunshine: The Best of Bill Withers (2008)
  • Playlist: The Very Best of Bill Withers (2009)
  • The Essential Bill Withers (2013)

Accolades

[edit]

Grammy Awards

[edit]

The Grammy Awards are bestowed by The Recording Academy. Withers has won three Grammys from nine nominations.[58]

Grammy wins and nominations for Bill Withers
Year Nominee / work Award Result
1971 Bill Withers Best New Artist Nominated
"Ain't No Sunshine" Best Pop Vocal Performance Male Nominated
Best Rhythm & Blues Song Won
1981 "Just the Two of Us" Record of the Year Nominated
Song of the Year Nominated
Best Pop Vocal Performance Male Nominated
Best Rhythm & Blues Song Won
1984 "In the Name of Love" (featuring Ralph MacDonald) Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1987 "Lean on Me" Best Rhythm & Blues Song Won

Honors

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bill Withers soul music BBC. Retrieved December 9, 2021
  2. ^ Hale, Mike (January 26, 2010). "Still Bill (2009) A Singer Who Stopped His Showing Off". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Greene, Andy (December 16, 2014). "Green Day, Lou Reed, Joan Jett, Ringo Starr Lead 2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Genzlinger, Neil; Taylor, Derrick Bryson (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers, Who Sang 'Lean on Me' and 'Ain't No Sunshine,' Dies at 81". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  5. ^ Grein, Paul (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers Set This Grammy Record in 1988 – And It Took More Than 25 Years to Break". Billboard. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
  6. ^ "Bill Withers - Biography & History -". AllMusic. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Sisario, Ben (September 18, 2015). "Bill Withers: Still Himself, but He'll Allow the Attention". The New York Times.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Greene, Andy (April 14, 2015). "Bill Withers: The Soul Man Who Walked Away". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  9. ^ "'Lean On Me,' 'Lovely Day' singer Bill Withers dies at 81". fox19.com. April 30, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ a b c d Kennedy, Mark (April 3, 2020). "'Lean On Me,' 'Lovely Day' singer Bill Withers dies at 81". apnews.com. Associated Press.
  11. ^ a b c "Bill Withers interview". The Daily Telegraph. London. August 10, 2010. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  12. ^ Gorman, David. "The Lost Bill Withers Go-Go Soul Freakout You Need To Hear". Trunkworthy.com. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  13. ^ a b c Rees, Dafydd; Crampton, Luke (1999). "Bill Withers". Rock Stars Encyclopedia. London: DK Publishing. p. 1079. ISBN 978-0-7894-4613-8.
  14. ^ "Bill Withers biography". Billboard. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  15. ^ The Mojo Collection: 4th Edition. Canongate Books. 2007. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-84767-643-6.
  16. ^ a b c Murrells, Joseph (1974). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins. pp. 306 & 322. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
  17. ^ "Bill Withers' web site". Billwithersmusic.com. July 8, 1972. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  18. ^ James, David E. (2017). Rock 'n' Film: Cinema's Dance with Popular Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 445. ISBN 978-0-19-084201-7 – via Google Books.
  19. ^ a b c Jonze, Tim; Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers, influential soul singer behind Ain't No Sunshine, dies aged 81". The Guardian.
  20. ^ Contemporary Musicians. Gale Research, Incorporated. 2006. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-7876-8067-1.
  21. ^ "Bill Withers". Discogs. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  22. ^ a b c "Bill Withers, 'Lean On Me' Attitude Back The 47-year-old Singer, Whose Style And Delivery Fall Somewhere Between Lou Rawls And Marvin Gaye, Has Released A New Album And Embarked On A Concert Tour". sun-sentinel.com. October 27, 1985. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  23. ^ a b "Bill Withers". grammy.com. November 19, 2019.
  24. ^ "Bill Withers". Discogs.com. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  25. ^ "Michel Berger - Dreams In Stone (Vinyl, LP, Album)". Discogs.com. 1982. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  26. ^ Hung, Steffen. "Michel Berger - Apple Pie". lescharts.com. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  27. ^ "Still Bill: The Story of Bill Withers". Songfacts.com. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  28. ^ "Songwriter Bill Withers And A Career Cut Short". NPR. February 7, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  29. ^ Frere-Jones, Sasha (March 8, 2010). "As Is". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  30. ^ "Bill Withers". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  31. ^ Mitchell, Gail (October 14, 2005). "Withers In No Hurry To Make New Album". Billboard.
  32. ^ Greene, Andy (March 27, 2015). "10 Things We Learned Spending Two Days With Bill Withers". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  33. ^ "GRAMMY Hall Of Fame". GRAMMY.com. October 18, 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  34. ^ "56th GRAMMY Awards: Full Winners List". Billboard. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
  35. ^ Smith, Troy L. (April 19, 2015). "Bill Withers, Stevie Wonder charm during their 2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame speeches". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  36. ^ Sisario, Ben (August 3, 2015). "A Tribute to Bill Withers at Carnegie Hall". The New York Times.
  37. ^ Pareles, Jon (October 2, 2015). "Review: A Bill Withers Tribute With His Soul Disciples". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "Bill Withers talks the Grammys and politics". MSNBC. February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  39. ^ a b c "Bill Withers, 'Lean On Me' and 'Lovely Day' Singer, Dies at 81". BBC News. April 3, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  40. ^ a b Zellner, Xander (April 3, 2020). "'Lean On Me,' 'Use Me,' 'Just the Two of Us' & More: Bill Withers' Biggest Billboard Hits". Billboard. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  41. ^ Jonze, Tim; Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers, influential soul singer behind Ain't No Sunshine, dies aged 81". The Guardian. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  42. ^ Petridis, Alexis (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers: the brilliant folk-soul star who said it all with time to spare". The Guardian. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  43. ^ Greene, Andy (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers, Hall of Fame Soul Singer, Dead at 81". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  44. ^ Russonello, Giovanni (April 4, 2020). "Bill Withers's 10 Overlooked Songs". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  45. ^ Mitchell, Gail (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers, 'Lean On Me' and 'Lovely Day' Singer, Dies at 81". Billboard. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  46. ^ "Sade Biography". Sade.com. Sade.
  47. ^ Sisario, Ben (September 30, 2015). "D'Angelo Cancels Performance at Bill Withers Tribute Show". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  48. ^ Kreps, Daniel (April 4, 2020). "Justin Timberlake Pays Tribute to Bill Withers: 'One of My Biggest Idols'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  49. ^ Downing, Andy (April 20, 2015). "John Legend on Singing with Bill Withers at Rock Hall: 'Don't F–k It Up'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  50. ^ "Bill Withers - Samples, Covers and Remixes | WhoSampled". WhoSampled.
  51. ^ "The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. January 1, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  52. ^ "Divorce Action Splits Singer Bill Withers, Actress Denise Nicholas". Jet. 46 (6): 15. May 2, 1974.
  53. ^ Elsworth, Catherine (October 8, 2006). "Still A Lovely Day". The Daily Telegraph.
  54. ^ Farrell, Paul (April 3, 2020). "Marcia Johnson: Bill Withers Survived by His Wife of 44 Years". Heavy.com.
  55. ^ "Lean On Me singer Bill Withers dies at 81", BBC News, April 4, 2020, archived from the original on April 3, 2020; "Bill Withers, 'Lean On Me,' 'Ain't No Sunshine' singer, dies at 81". WSOC-TV.
  56. ^ Genzlinger, Neil (April 3, 2020). "Bill Withers, Who Sang 'Lean on Me' and 'Ain't No Sunshine,' Dies at 81". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  57. ^ "Bill Withers Died of Cardiopulmonary Arrest, Underlying Heart and Lung Issues". TMZ.com. April 28, 2020.
  58. ^ "Bill Withers". grammy.com. The Recording Academy. November 19, 2019.
  59. ^ "Bill Withers". songhall.org. Songwriters Hall of Fame. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  60. ^ "LL Cool J, Bill Withers to Be Honored". sfgate.com. Associated Press. June 2, 2006. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  61. ^ Morris, Edward (November 12, 2007). "Little Jimmy Dickens Joins West Virginia Music Hall of Fame". CMT.com. Country Music Television. Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  62. ^ Sisario, Ben (December 16, 2014). "Lou Reed, Green Day and Bill Withers to Join Rock Hall of Fame". The New York Times.
  63. ^ "May 2017 CCA Commencement". WVU.edu. College of Creative Arts, West Virginia University. May 8, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2020.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Withers&oldid=1259228955"