Aulus Caecina Alienus
Aulus Caecina Alienus (c. 40 – 79)[1][2] was a Roman general active during the Year of the Four Emperors.
Biography
[edit]Caecina was born in Vicetia (modern Vicenza) around 40 A.D.[1] He was quaestor of Hispania Baetica (southern Iberia) in 68 A.D. On the death of Nero, he attached himself to Galba, who appointed him to the command of Legio IV Macedonica at Mogontiacum in Germania Superior (Upper Germany). In 68 A.D, as quaestor, his job was to control the public monies of the senatorial province of Baetica. Before the end of 68 AD, Galba was informed that Caecina had diverted funds into his own pocket.[3] After a trial, Galba convicted him for misappropriation of funds.[2]
Having been prosecuted for embezzling public money, Caecina went over to Vitellius,[4] who sent him across the Swiss plateau with troops from Germania Superior.[1] During this campaign, as recorded by Tacitus, he pillaged Aquae Helveticae after engagements between the Legio XXI Rapax and the Helvetii, and later defeated the Helvetii under Claudius Severus at Bözberg.[1] Vitellius then sent him with a large army into Italy. Caecina crossed the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass,[1] but was defeated near Cremona by Suetonius Paulinus, the chief general of Otho. Subsequently, in conjunction with Fabius Valens, Caecina defeated Otho at the decisive First Battle of Bedriacum.[4]
The incapacity of Vitellius tempted Vespasian to take up arms against him. Caecina, who had been entrusted with the repression of the revolt, turned traitor, and tried to persuade his army to go over to Vespasian, but was thrown into chains by the soldiers. After the overthrow of Vitellius, he was released, and taken into favor by the new emperor. In 79 A.D he was implicated, along with Eprius Marcellus, in a conspiracy against Vespasian, and was executed in Rome by order of Vespasian's son Titus.[4][1][5] It was said that Caecina was planning to overthrow the Flavians by inciting the troops. Titus had discovered a speech written in Caecina’s own hand that he intended to read to the soldiers to execute his plan.[6]
Tacitus described Caecina as a man of handsome presence and boundless ambition, a gifted orator and a great favourite with the soldiers.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Aulus Caecina Alienus in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ a b Bunson, Matthew (23 November 1995). A Dictionary of the Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-195-10233-8. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ Morgan, Gwyn (2 March 2000). 69 A.D.: The Year of Four Emperors. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-195-31589-9. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Caecīna s.v. Aulus Caecina Alienus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 934.
- ^ Tibbetts, Jann (30 July 2016). 50 Great Military Leaders of All Time. Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. NA. ISBN 978-9-385-50566-9. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ Southern, Pat (2 December 2013). Domitian: Tragic Tyrant. Oxon: Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-317-79844-6. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- Tacitus, Histories, i. 53, 61, 67–70, ii. 20–25, 41–44, iii. 13; Dio Cassius Ixv. 10–14, Ixvi. 16; Plutarch, Otho, 7; Suetonius, Titus, 6; Zonaras xi. 17.
External links
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- 1st-century Romans
- 40 births
- 79 deaths
- 1st-century executions
- Ancient Roman generals
- Caecinae
- Executed ancient Roman people
- Generals of Galba
- Generals of Nero
- Generals of Vitellius
- Generals of Vespasian
- People from Vicenza
- Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
- People of the Year of the Four Emperors
- Ancient Roman people stubs