1900 in the United Kingdom
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Events from the year 1900 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
[edit]Events
[edit]January
[edit]- 3 January – royal yacht Victoria and Albert capsizes while being floated out of dry dock at Pembroke Dock on completion of her construction.[1]
- 9 January – influenza outbreak in London.
- 24 January – Second Boer War: Boers repel British troops under General Sir Redvers Buller at the Battle of Spion Kop.[2]
- 31 January – the Gramophone Company copyrights the His Master's Voice illustration.[3]
February
[edit]- 5 February – the UK and the United States sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua.
- 6 February – the House of Commons vote of censure over the government's handling of the Second Boer War is defeated by a majority of 213.
- 8 February – Second Boer War: British troops are defeated by Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
- 12 February – meeting held at Mile End to protest against the Boer War ends in an uproar.
- 14 February – Second Boer War: in South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
- 27 February
- Second Boer War: in South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé.
- Creation of the Labour Party; Ramsay MacDonald is appointed its first secretary.[4]
- 28 February – Second Boer War: the 118-day Siege of Ladysmith is lifted.[4]
March
[edit]- 3 March – official inauguation of the Boundary Estate, Shoreditch, London; Britain's first council estate to be commenced (10 years previously).[5]
- March–September – War of the Golden Stool fought against the Ashanti Empire.
April
[edit]- 1 April – Irish Guards formed by Queen Victoria.
- 4 April
- An anarchist shoots at the Prince of Wales during his visit to Belgium for the birthday celebrations of the King of Belgium.
- Queen Victoria arrives in Dublin on her fourth and last visit to Ireland.
- 23 April–12 May – the Automobile Club of Great Britain stages a Thousand Mile Trial, a reliability motor rally over a circular route from London to Edinburgh and return.[6]
- 24 April – the Daily Express newspaper published for the first time.[4]
May
[edit]- 14 May–28 October – Great Britain and Ireland compete at the Olympics in Paris and win 15 gold, 6 silver and 9 bronze medals.
- 17 May – Second Boer War – Siege of Mafeking ends.[4]
- 18 May – the UK proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
June
[edit]- 5 June – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria, South Africa.
July
[edit]- 19–21 July – Bernard Bosanquet first bowls a googly in first-class cricket, playing for Middlesex against Leicestershire at Lord's.[7]
- 27 July – Louise, Princess Royal, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, marries Alexander Duff, Earl of Fife, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace, London; 2 days later he is created Duke of Fife, the last Dukedom created in Britain for a person who is not a son, grandson or consort of the Sovereign.
- 30 July
- The Duke of Albany becomes Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Carl Eduard following the death of his uncle, Duke Alfred, a son of Queen Victoria who is the third of the reigning monarch's children to die.
- Mines (Prohibition of Child Labour Underground) Act prohibits children under the age of thirteen from working in mines.[8]
August
[edit]- 8 August – Great Britain loses to the United States in the first Davis Cup tennis competition.[4]
- 14 August – an international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the Europeans taken hostage.
- 27 August – British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal.
September
[edit]- 3 September – West Bromwich Albion F.C. move into The Hawthorns, a new stadium on the border of West Bromwich and Handsworth.[9]
- 12 September – Diamond Jubilee completes the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the 2,000 Guineas, Epsom Derby and St Leger, ridden by Herbert Jones.
October
[edit]- 3 October – Edward Elgar's choral work The Dream of Gerontius receives its first performance, in Birmingham Town Hall.
- 25 October – Second Boer War: United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.[4]
November
[edit]- 22–14 November 1903 – strike of Welsh slate workers at Penrhyn Quarry.[10]
December
[edit]- 3 December – the Conservative Party under Lord Salisbury wins the 'Khaki' general election. Winston Churchill becomes a Member of Parliament for the first time, elected for Oldham; and two Labour candidates are successful: Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby.[11]
- 15 December – the three lighthouse keepers on Flannan Isle disappear without a trace
- 28 December – the Liverpool barque Primrose Hill is wrecked on South Stack off Holyhead, with the loss of 33 lives.[12]
- 31 December – a storm causes a stone and a lintel to fall at Stonehenge; they are restored in 1958.[4]
Undated
[edit]- Beer Scare: beer drinkers in North West England suffer poisoning from arsenic in brewing sugars: 6,000 people affected and 70 killed.[13]
- William Harbutt of Bathampton begins commercial production of Plasticine modelling clay.
Publications
[edit]- Ernest Bramah's oriental fantasy stories The Wallet of Kai Lung.
- Joseph Conrad's novel Lord Jim.
- Maurice Hewlett's historical novel The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay.[14]
- Gertrude Jekyll's book Home and Garden: notes and thoughts, practical and critical, of a worker in both.
- Arthur Quiller-Couch's anthology The Oxford Book of English Verse 1250–1900.
- H. G. Wells' novel Love and Mr Lewisham.
Births
[edit]
- 1 January
- Roger Maxwell, film actor (died 1971)
- Lillian Rich, silent film actress (died 1954)
- 2 January – Una Ledingham, physician, specialist in diabetes mellitus and pregnancy (died 1965)[15]
- 4 January – William Young, World War I veteran (died 2007)
- 9 January – Eve Garnett, writer and illustrator (died 1991)
- 20 January – Dorothy Annan, painter, potter and muralist (died 1983)
- 23 January – William Ifor Jones, composer (died 1988)
- 6 February – Guy Warrack, Scottish-born conductor (died 1986)
- 12 February
- Robert Boothby, politician (died 1986)
- Fred Emney, comic performer (died 1980)
- 20 February – Bernard Knowles, cinematographer and screenwriter (died 1975)
- 3 March
- Edna Best, stage, film and early television actress (died 1974 in Switzerland)[16]
- Basil Bunting, modernist poet (died 1985)
- 29 March – Margaret Sinclair, Scottish-born nun (died 1925)
- 31 March – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (died 1974)
- 3 April – Albert Ingham, mathematician (died 1967)
- 9 April – Mary Potter, painter (died 1981)
- 19 April – Richard Hughes, novelist (died 1976)
- 22 April – Nellie Beer, Conservative politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (died 1988)[17]
- 24 April – Elizabeth Goudge, novelist (died 1984)[18][19]
- 25 April – Gladwyn Jebb, acting Secretary-General of the UN (died 1996)
- 30 April – Cecily Lefort, World War II heroine, spy for SOE (executed 1945 in Germany)
- 2 May – A. W. Lawrence, Classical archaeologist (died 1991)
- 5 May – Harold Tamblyn-Watts, comic strip artist (died 1999)
- 10 May – Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, astronomer and astrophysicist (died 1979 in the United States)[20]
- 27 May – Ethel Lang, née Lancaster, supercentenarian (died 2015)
- 29 May – David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, Scottish-born politician, lawyer and judge, Lord Chancellor (died 1967)
- 30 May – Gerald Gardiner, Lord Chancellor (died 1990)
- 6 June
- Arthur Askey, comedian (died 1982)
- Lester Matthews, actor (died 1975)
- 17 June – Evelyn Irons, Scottish-born journalist, war correspondent (died 2000)[21]
- 25 June
- Philip D'Arcy Hart, medical researcher, pioneer in tuberculosis treatment (died 2006)
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Admiral of the Fleet and last Viceroy of India (assassinated 1979 in Ireland)
- 26 June – John Benham, 400m runner (died 1990)
- 30 June – James Stagg, Scottish-born meteorologist (died 1975)
- 2 July
- Tyrone Guthrie, theatre director (died 1971 in Ireland)
- Sophie Harris, theatre and opera costume and scenic designer (died 1966)
- 10 July – Evelyn Laye, actress (died [1996)
- 4 August – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen consort of George VI and later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (died 2002)
- 17 August – Vivienne de Watteville, adventurer (died 1957)[22]
- 19 August – Gilbert Ryle, philosopher (died 1976)
- 23 August – Bella Reay, footballer (died 1979)
- 27 August – Frank Moody, Welsh boxer (died 1963)
- 25 August – Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie, Scottish architect (died 1970)[23]
- 4 September – Maxwell Knight, spymaster and naturalist (died 1968)
- 8 September – Tilly Devine, organised crime boss (died 1970 in Australia)[24]
- 9 September – James Hilton, novelist and screenwriter (died 1954 in the United States)
- 11 September – Jimmy Brain, footballer (died 1971)
- 12 September – Eric Thiman, composer (died 1975)[25]
- 1 October – Tom Goddard, cricketer (died 1966)
- 2 October – Isabella Forshall, paediatric surgeon (died 1989)
- 6 October – Stan Nichols, cricketer (died 1961)
- 8 October – Geoffrey Jellicoe, landscape architect (died 1996)
- 9 October – Alastair Sim, character actor (died 1976)
- 14 October – Roland Penrose, Surrealist painter and art collector (died 1984)
- 16 October – Edward Ardizzone, painter, printmaker and author (born in Vietnam; died 1979)
- 5 November – Ethelwynn Trewavas, ichthyologist (died 1993)[26]
- 18 November – Mercedes Gleitze, distance swimmer (died 1981)
- 20 November – Helen Bradley, painter (died 1979)[27]
- 22 November – Tom Macdonald, Welsh journalist and novelist (died 1980)
- 4 December – John Axon, railwayman hero (killed in accident 1957)
- 16 December – V. S. Pritchett, short story writer (died 1997)
- 17 December – Mary Cartwright, mathematician (died 1998)[28]
- 22 December – Alan Bush, pianist, composer and conductor (died 1995)
- 26 December – Evelyn Bark, humanitarian, leading member of the Red Cross, first female recipient of the CMG (died 1993)[29]
- Robina Addis, pioneering professional psychiatric social worker (died 1986)[30]
- Saira Elizabeth Luiza Shah, born Elizabeth Louise MacKenzie, Scottish writer as Morag Murray Abdullah (died 1960)
Deaths
[edit]
- 20 January
- R. D. Blackmore, novelist (born 1825)[31]
- John Ruskin, writer and social critic (born 1819)
- 21 January – Francis, Duke of Teck, a cousin-in-law of Queen Victoria (born 1837)
- 22 January – David Edward Hughes, musician and professor of music (born 1831)
- 31 January – John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, nobleman and boxer (born 1844)
- 6 February – Sir William Wilson Hunter, colonial administrator, statistician and historian (born 1840 in Scotland)
- 23 February
- William Butterfield, architect (born 1814)
- Ernest Dowson, poet (born 1867)
- 6 March – Ada Williams, baby farmer and murderer, hanged (born c.1875)
- 10 March – George James Symons, meteorologist (born 1838)
- 16 March – Sir Frederic William Burton, painter and curator (born 1816 in Ireland)
- 24 April – George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, politician (born 1823)
- 4 May – Augustus Pitt Rivers, ethnologist and archaeologist (born 1827)
- 12 May – Frederika Perceval, last surviving child of assassinated Prime Minister Spencer Perceval (born 1805)[32]
- 28 May – Sir George Grove, writer on music and the Bible and civil engineer (born 1820)
- 3 June – Mary Kingsley, explorer, in Cape Colony (born 1862)
- 14 June – Catherine Gladstone, widow of Prime Minister W. E. Gladstone and philanthropist (born 1812)[33]
- 30 July – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Duke of Edinburgh), second eldest son of Queen Victoria, in Germany (born 1844)[34]
- 28 August – Henry Sidgwick, philosopher (born 1838)
- 31 August – Sir John Bennet Lawes, agricultural scientist (born 1814)
- 19 September – Anne Beale, novelist (born 1816)
- 9 October – John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, landed aristocrat, industrial magnate, antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist and architectural patron (born 1847)[35]
- 16 October – Sir Henry Acland, physician (born 1815)
- 22 November – Sir Arthur Sullivan, composer (born 1842)
- 29 December – John Henry Leech, entomologist (born 1862)
- 30 November – Oscar Wilde, playwright, writer and poet, in France (born 1854 in Ireland)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Pembroke Dock Community Website". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 329–330. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Baren, Maurice (1997). How Household Names Began. London: Michael O'Mara Books. pp. 71–2. ISBN 1-85479-257-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ "Boundary Estate, Arnold Circus, Shoreditch, London, E2". London: Base. 5 February 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "1900 One Thousand Mile Trial". Grace's Guide. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Middlesex v Leicestershire". CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
- ^ Bedwell, C. E. A.; The Earl of Roseberry; MacDonell, Sir John (1909). The Legislation of the Empire. Vol. 1. London: Butterworth & Co. p. 63. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ "Grounds for debate". West Bromwich Albion. 12 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
- ^ Lindsay, Jean (1987). The Great Strike: a History of the Penrhyn Quarry Dispute of 1900–1903. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8635-2.
- ^ Thorpe, Andrew (2001). A History of the British Labour Party. Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-92908-X.
- ^ "The Shipwreck of the Primrose Hill in 1900 off South Stack, Alex made a home Holyhead". Anglesey Môn Information Website. Archived from the original on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
- ^ Blocker, Jack S.; Fahey, David M.; Tyrrel, Ian R. Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: a Global Encyclopedia. p. 56.
- ^ Leavis, Q.D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
- ^ Marilyn Ogilvie; Joy Harvey (2000). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science. Vol. 2. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415920407.
- ^ "Edna Best - Hollywood Star Walk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ "Women of History - B". abitofhistory.net. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ "Biography of Elizabeth Goudge". Newburgh, New York: Mount Saint Mary College, Kaplan Family Library and Study Center, Goudge Special Collection. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ "Elizabeth Goudge". The New York Times. 27 April 1984. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. 2007. ISBN 9780387304007.
- ^ Lewis, Paul (30 April 2000). "Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^ "Materialien zum Lukas Hartmanns Roman "Die Tochter des Jägers"" (PDF). Lukas Hartmann.
- ^ Goold, David (18 October 2017). "Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Architect Biography Report". www.scottisharchitects.org.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^ "Biography - Matilda Mary (Tilly) Devine". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ "English Composers for Amateurs: No 2 - Eric Thiman by Philip L Scowcroft". Musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "Obituary: Ethelwynn Trewavas". The Independent. London. 21 August 1993. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ "Helen Bradley". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (archived by the Wayback Machine). 27 December 2015. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ "Mary Cartwright Times obituary". www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ "Obituary: Evelyn Bark". The Independent. London. 24 June 1993. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ "Robina Addis". London: Wellcome Library. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^ Max Keith Sutton (1979). R. D. Blackmore. Twayne Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-8057-6756-8.
- ^ Williams, Guy R. (1975). London in the Country. Hamish Hamilton. p. 179. SBN 241-89193-0.
- ^ Anne Isba (24 August 2006). Gladstone and Women. A&C Black. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-85285-471-3.
- ^ Panton, James (24 February 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
- ^ John Davies (1981). Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute. University of Wales Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-7083-0761-8.