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{{Short description|Russian Uragan-class monitor}}
{{good article}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Koldun1863-1918.jpg
|Ship caption=[[Sister ship]] ''Koldun'', in the late 1870s or early 1880s
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Russian Empire]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Russian Empire|naval}}
|Ship name=''Perun'' (''Перун'')
|Ship namesake=[[Perun]]<ref>McLaughlin, p. 110</ref>
|Ship ordered=23 March 1863<ref group=Note>All dates used in this article are [[Old Style and New Style dates|New Style]].</ref>
|Ship builder=Semiannikov & Poletika Shipyard, [[Saint Petersburg]]
|Ship laid down=15 December 1863
|Ship launched=30 June 1864
|Ship original cost=1,142,700 [[rubles]]
|Ship renamed=''Lotsiia'', 1915
|Ship in service=1 September 1865
|Ship out of service=6 July 1900
|Ship struck=17 August 1900
|Ship reclassified=As coastal defense ship, 13 February 1892
|Ship fate=Converted into a [[pilot boat]] and [[ship breaking|scrapped]] around 1924
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= 
|Ship class= {{sclass|Uragan|monitor|0}} [[Monitor (warship)|monitor]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|1500|-|1600|LT|t|0}}
|Ship length={{convert|201|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|46|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|10.16|-|10.84|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=1 shaft, 1 × 2-cylinder [[Marine steam engine#Direct acting|horizontal direct-acting steam engine]]
|Ship power=*{{convert|340|-|500|ihp|0|lk=in|abbr=on}}
*2 rectangular Morton [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|6.75|kn}}
|Ship range={{convert|1440|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|6|kn}}
|Ship complement=96–110
|Ship armament=*1865: 2 × {{convert|9|in|abbr=on|0}} smoothbore guns
*1868: 2 × {{convert|15|in|abbr=on|0}} smoothbore [[Rodman gun]]s
*1873: 2 × {{convert|9|in|abbr=on|0}} [[rifled]] guns
|Ship armor=*[[Hull (watercraft)|Hull]]: {{convert|5|in|0|abbr=on}}
*[[Gun turret]]: {{convert|11|in|0|abbr=on}}
*[[Funnel (ship)|Funnel]] base: {{convert|6|in|0|abbr=on}}
*[[Conning tower]]: {{convert|8|in|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''Perun''''' ({{langx|ru|Перун}}) was an {{sclass|Uragan|monitor|0}} [[Monitor (warship)|monitor]] built for the [[Imperial Russian Navy]] in the mid-1860s. The design was based on the American {{sclass|Passaic|monitor|2}}, but was modified to suit Russian engines, guns and construction techniques. Spending her entire career with the [[Baltic Fleet]], the ship was only active when the [[Gulf of Finland]] was not frozen, but very little is known about her service. ''Perun'' was struck from the [[Navy List]] in 1900 and became a [[pilot ship]]. Renamed ''Lotsiia'' (Pilot) in 1915, the ship was damaged during the [[Kronstadt rebellion]] of 1921 and laid up afterwards. She was [[Ship grounding|run aground]] by a flood three years later and then her wreck was [[ship breaking|scrapped]].

==Description==
''Perun'' was {{convert|201|ft|m|1}} [[length overall|long overall]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|46|ft|m|1}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draft]] of {{convert|10.16|-|10.84|ft|m|1}}. She displaced {{convert|1500|-|1600|LT|t|0}}, and her crew numbered 8 officers and 88 enlisted men in 1865. They numbered 10 officers and 100 crewmen 12 years later.<ref name=m3>McLaughlin, p. 103</ref>

The ship was fitted with a two-cylinder, horizontal [[Marine steam engine#Direct acting|direct-acting steam engine]]<ref name=m3/> built by [[Carr and MacPherson]] of [[Saint Petersburg]]. It drove a single propeller<ref>McLaughlin, pp. 106–07</ref> using steam that was provided by two rectangular [[boiler (steam generator)|boiler]]s.<ref>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 175</ref> Specific information on the output of the ship's engine has not survived, but it ranged between {{convert|340|-|500|ihp|0|lk=in}} for all the ships of this [[ship class|class]]. During ''Perun''{{'}}s [[sea trial]]s on 16 August 1865, she reached a maximum speed of {{convert|6.75|kn|lk=in}}. She carried a maximum of {{convert|190|LT|t|0}} of coal, which gave her a theoretical endurance of {{convert|1440|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|6|kn}}.<ref>McLaughlin, p. 107</ref>

''Perun'' was designed to be armed with a pair of {{convert|9|in|adj=on|0|spell=in}} [[smoothbore]] [[Muzzleloader|muzzle-loading guns]] purchased from [[Krupp]] of Germany and [[Rifling|rifled]] in Russia, but the rifling project was seriously delayed and the ship was completed with nine-inch smoothbores. These lacked the penetration power necessary to deal with [[ironclad]]s and they were replaced by license-built {{convert|15|in|adj=on|spell=in}} smoothbore muzzle-loading [[Rodman gun]]s in 1867–68. The Rodman guns were replaced around 1876 with the originally intended nine-inch rifled guns.<ref>McLaughlin, pp. 104–05</ref>

All of the [[Wrought iron|wrought-iron]] armor that was used in the ''Uragan''-class monitors was in {{convert|1|in|0|adj=on}} plates, just as in the ''Passaic''-class ships. The side of the ship was entirely covered with three to five layers of armor plates, of which the three innermost plates extended {{convert|42|in|m|1}} below the [[waterline]]. This armor was backed by a wooden beam that had a maximum thickness of {{convert|36|in|0}}. The [[gun turret]] was protected by eleven layers of armor and the [[pilothouse]] above it had eight layers of armor. Curved plates six layers thick protected the base of the [[funnel (ship)|funnel]] up to a height of {{convert|7|ft|m|1}} above the deck. Unlike their predecessors, the ''Uragan''s were built without deck armor to save weight.<ref>McLaughlin, pp. 105–06</ref>

==Career==
Construction of the ship began on 7 September 1863 at the Semiannikov & Poletika Shipyard in Saint Petersburg. ''Perun'' was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 15 December 1863 and she was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 30 June 1864. She entered service on 1 September 1865 and cost a total of 1,142,700 [[Russian ruble|rubles]], almost double her contract cost of 600,000 rubles. The ship was assigned to the Baltic Fleet upon completion and she, and all of her [[sister ship]]s except {{ship|Russian monitor|Latnik||2}}, made a port visit to [[Stockholm]], Sweden in July–August 1865 while under the command of [[General Admiral]] [[Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia|Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich]].<ref>McLaughlin, pp. 100, 104, 109</ref> She was present when the American warships {{USS|Miantonomoh|1863|2}} and {{USS|Augusta|1853|2}} visited [[Kronstadt]] in July–August 1866.<ref>{{cite book|title=Russian Account of the Official Mission to Russia of Hon. G. V. Fox|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_HBKAAAAYAAJ&dq=monitor+lava+russia&pg=PA8|year=1867|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D. C.|page=8}}</ref>

Sometime after ''Perun'' was completed, an armored ring, {{convert|5|in|0}} thick and {{convert|15|in|0}} tall, was fitted around the base of the turret to prevent splinters from jamming it. Later, an armored, outward-curving [[wikt:bulwark|bulwark]] was fitted around the top of the turret to protect any crewmen there. Three [[sponson]]s were later added, probably during the 1870s, to the upper portion of the turret. Each sponson, one above the [[Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)#G|gun ports]] and one on each side of the turret, mounted a light gun, probably a {{convert|1.75|in|adj=on}} Engstrem gun, for defense against [[torpedo boat]]s. A fourth gun was mounted on a platform aft of the funnel when a [[Deck (ship)#Hurricane deck|hurricane deck]] was built between the funnel and the turret, also probably during the 1870s.<ref>McLaughlin, p. 108</ref>

Little is known about the ship's career other than that she was [[Ship decommissioning|laid up]] each winter when the Gulf of Finland froze. On 18 July 1875, she was accidentally [[naval ram|rammed]] by the ironclad {{ship|Russian ironclad|Admiral Chichagov||2}}, but only suffered minor damage. ''Perun'' was reclassified as a [[coastal defense ship|coast defense]] [[ironclad]] on 13 February 1892 and turned over to the Port of [[Kronstadt]] for disposal on 6 July 1900, although she was not stricken until 17 August. After she was stricken she was used as a pilot ship before being renamed ''Lotsiia'' (Pilot) in 1915. During the 1921 Kronstadt rebellion, the ship was struck by artillery fire. She was laid up after the resulting fire badly damaged her. During a flood on 23 September 1924, ''Lotsiia'' [[Ship grounding|ran aground]] and was subsequently broken up for scrap.<ref>McLaughlin, pp. 109–10</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|date=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
*{{cite book|last=McLaughlin|first=Stephen|title=Warship 2012|editor=John Jordan|publisher=Conway|location=London|date=2012|pages=98–112|chapter=Russia's American Monitors: The Uragan Class |isbn=978-1-84486-156-9}}

{{Uragan class monitor}}
{{1919 shipwrecks}}
{{1924 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perun}}
[[Category:Uragan-class monitors]]
[[Category:1864 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Saint Petersburg]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1919]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1924]]

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