View source for Piper guineense

You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason:

This IP address range has been globally blocked.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.

Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis.

The IP address or range 142.171.0.0/16 has been globally blocked by ‪Superpes15‬ for the following reason(s):

No open proxies

This block will expire on 11:40, 10 February 2026. Your current IP address is 142.171.178.55.

Even while globally blocked, you will usually still be able to edit pages on Meta-Wiki.

If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

Other useful links: Global blocks · Help:I have been blocked

You can view and copy the source of this page:

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Redirect|Guinea cubeb pepper|Guinea pepper|Grains of Selim|Guinea grains|Melegueta pepper}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2011}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Piper guineense01.JPG
| genus = Piper
| species =guineense
| authority = [[Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher|Schumach.]]
| synonyms = ''Piper clusii'' <small>[[Anne Casimir Pyrame de Candolle|C.DC.]]</small>
}}
[[File:Piper clusii samples.png|thumb|left|upright|Samples of "''Piper clusii''" imported into Belgium from the Congo in 1895.]]
'''''Piper guineense''''' is a [[West Africa]]n species of ''[[Piper (genus)|Piper]]''; the spice derived from its dried [[fruit]] is known as '''[[Ashanti people|Ashanti]] pepper''', '''[[Benin]] pepper''', Edo pepper, '''false cubeb''', '''[[Guinea]] cubeb''', and called locally '''''kale''''', '''''kukauabe''''', '''''masoro''''', '''''etiñkeni''''', '''''sasema''''', '''''soro wisa''''', ''eyendo'', ''eshasha'' by the [[Urhobo people]], and ''oziza'' and ''uziza'' by the Igbo people of Nigeria. It is a close relative of [[Cubeb|cubeb pepper]] and a relative of [[black pepper]] and [[long pepper]]. Unlike cubeb, which is large and spherical in shape, Ashanti pepper grains are [[prolate spheroid]]s, smaller and smoother than Cubeb pepper in appearance and generally bear a reddish tinge.<ref name="Katzer">{{cite web |last=Katzer |first=Gernot |title=Cubeb pepper (''Piper cubeba'', cubebs) |url= http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Pipe_cub.html |work=Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages |access-date=26 May 2015}}</ref> The stalks of Ashanti pepper berries are also distinctly curved whilst those of cubeb pepper are completely straight.<ref name="Katzer" /> The terms '''West African pepper''' and '''Guinea pepper''' have also been used, but are ambiguous and may refer to [[grains of Selim]] or [[grains of paradise]].

The plants that provide Ashanti pepper are vines that can grow up to 20&nbsp;m in length, climbing up boles of trees by means of adventitious roots. These are native to topical regions of Central and Western Africa and are semi-cultivated in countries such as Nigeria where the leaves, known as ''uziza'', are used as a flavouring for stews. Like other members of the [[Piperaceae|pepper family]], Ashanti pepper contains 5–8% of the chemical [[piperine]] which gives them their [[Piquancy|piquant]] taste.  They contain large amounts of [[Caryophyllene|beta-caryophyllene]], which is being investigated as an anti-inflammatory agent.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Younis|first1=Nancy S.|last2=Mohamed|first2=Maged E.|date=2019-05-19|title=β-Caryophyllene as a Potential Protective Agent Against Myocardial Injury: The Role of Toll-Like Receptors|journal=Molecules|volume=24|issue=10|page=1929|doi=10.3390/molecules24101929|issn=1420-3049|pmc=6572120|pmid=31109132|doi-access=free}}</ref> It also contains significant proportions (up to around 10%) of [[myristicin]], [[elemicin]], [[safrole]], and [[dillapiol]], as well as some [[apiole]] (around 1.4%).{{citation needed|date=May 2016|reason=One paper found analyzing this variety so far, and it lists apiole as a constituent at 1.4%}}

In terms of flavour, Ashanti pepper is very similar to cubeb pepper but is less bitter and has a fresher, more herbaceous flavour and aroma than cubeb's more [[pine]]-like scent.  Though known in Europe during the Middle Ages (it was a common spice in [[Rouen]] and [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]] in 14th-century [[France]]), these days, its use is largely marginalized to [[West Africa|West]] and [[Central Africa]].

==Use in cuisine==
[[File:Ashanti pepper dried fruit.jpg|left|thumb|Ashanti pepper (dried fruits)]]
It is used in West African cuisine where it imparts spiciness and a [[Pungency|pungent]] aroma to stews.  Even in West Africa, Ashanti pepper is an expensive spice and is used sparingly.  Often, a few grains are ground in a pestle and mortar before being added (along with black pepper) to soups or to boiled rice.  The spice can also be substituted in any recipe calling for cubeb pepper, where Ashanti imparts a less bitter flavour.  The pepper is also sometimes one of the ingredients in the [[Berbere]] spice mix used in the cuisines [[Cuisine of Ethiopia|of Ethiopia]] and [[Cuisine of Eritrea|of Eritrea]]. However, West African Pepper is a highly esteemed spice in its region of origin and may be hard to get abroad; thus, long pepper is more often used in Berbere.

==As a preservative==
Research shows that Ashanti peppers have preservative and anti-oxidant properties. In a comparison study of three native West African peppers on the preservation of [[catfish]], Ashanti peppers were discovered to be the most effective.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kiin-Kabari |first1=D. B. |last2=Barimalaa |first2=I. S. |last3=Achinewhu |first3=S. C. |last4=Adeniji |first4=T. A. |title=Effects of extracts from three indigenous spices on the chemical stability of smoke-dried catfish (''Clarias lezera'') during storage |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |date=2011 |volume=11 |issue=6 |url= http://www.bioline.org.br/request?nd11076 |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Herbs & spices}}{{African cuisine}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5687643}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Piper (plant)|guineense]]
[[Category:African cuisine]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1827]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Guinea cubeb pepper (edit)
Template:; (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:African cuisine (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Anglicise rank (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Culinary herbs and spices (edit)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Don't edit this line always display (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Don't edit this line extinct (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Don't edit this line link target (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Don't edit this line link text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Don't edit this line parent (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Don't edit this line rank (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Don't edit this line same as (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Edit taxonomy (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Herbs & spices (edit)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Is italic taxon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:PAGENAMEBASE (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Principal rank (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Redirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Speciesbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Speciesbox/getGenus (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Speciesbox/getSpecies (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Speciesbox/name (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Speciesbox/parameterCheck (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Speciesbox/trim (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str left (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxobox/Error colour (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxobox/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxobox colour (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxon info (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxon italics (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonbar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonbar/candidate (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Angiosperms (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Archaeplastida (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/CAM (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Diaphoretickes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Embryophytes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Embryophytes/Plantae (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Life (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Magnoliids (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Piper (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Piperaceae (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Piperales (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Piperoideae (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Plantae (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Polysporangiophytes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Polysporangiophytes/Plantae (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Spermatophyta (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Spermatophytes/Plantae (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Streptophyta (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Tracheophyta (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Taxonomy/Tracheophytes/Plantae (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Automated taxobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Autotaxobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Italic title (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Redirect hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ResolveEntityId (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:TaxonItalics (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Taxonbar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Taxonbar/candidate (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Taxonbar/conf (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Taxonbar/exists (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Taxonbar/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Template redirect regex (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Piper guineense.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_guineense"