PWS-10: Difference between revisions
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{|{{Infobox |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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|name =PWS-10 |
|name =PWS-10 |
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|image =Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe PWS-10.png |
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|image = |
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|caption = |
|caption = |
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}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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|type =[[Fighter aircraft]] |
|type =[[Fighter aircraft]] |
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|manufacturer =[[PWS (aircraft manufacturer)|PWS]] |
|manufacturer =[[PWS (aircraft manufacturer)|PWS]] |
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|designer = |
|designer = |
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|first flight = March |
|first flight = March 1930 |
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|introduced = 1932 |
|introduced = 1932 |
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|retired = 1939 |
|retired = 1939 |
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|variants with their own articles = |
|variants with their own articles = |
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The '''PWS-10''' was a |
The '''PWS-10''' was a Polish [[fighter aircraft]], constructed in the [[PWS (aircraft manufacturer)|PWS]] (''Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów'' - [[Podlasie]] Aircraft Factory). It was the first Polish-designed fighter to enter serial production. |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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First |
First work on a domestic fighter to replace ill-fated French [[SPAD 61]]s in the [[Polish Air Force]] was initiated by PWS in 1927. The main designers were Aleksander Grzędzielski and Augustyn Zdaniewski. In 1929 the prototype was built and it first flew in March 1930. At the same time, the more modern fighter [[PZL P.1]] was developed by the [[Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze|PZL]]. Despite the P.1 being a more capable fighter, the War Ministry decided that it needed further work, and a series of 80 PWS-10 was ordered as a temporary measure. In comparison with the advanced P.1, the PWS-10 was a more classic design, a high-wing parasol [[monoplane]] of mixed construction. |
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The series was built from |
The series was built from 1931 to 1932, numbered from 5-1 to 5-80. |
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A variant of PWS-10 was a [[biplane]] '''PWS-15''', being |
A variant of PWS-10 was a [[biplane]] '''PWS-15''', being PWS-10 with another pair of wings. A single prototype was made to compare with a monoplane, on the factory's initiative. It first flew in the spring of 1931. It offered better maneuverability and climb ratio with a slightly lower maximum speed. PWS-15 was not produced and was soon broken up. |
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===Description=== |
===Description=== |
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Mixed construction high-wing parasol [[monoplane]], canvas and plywood covered. A fuselage of a metal frame, covered with [[duralumin]] in front section and [[canvas]] in rear section. Two-spar elliptic wings, of wooden construction, canvas and plywood covered. Stabilizers, rudder and elevator of metal construction, canvas |
Mixed construction high-wing parasol [[monoplane]], canvas and plywood covered. A fuselage of a metal frame, covered with [[duralumin]] in the front section and [[canvas]] in the rear section. Two-spar elliptic wings, of wooden construction, canvas, and plywood covered. Stabilizers, rudder, and elevator of metal construction, canvas-covered. Open pilot's [[cockpit]], with a windshield. Conventional fixed [[landing gear]], with a rear skid. Engine: 12-cylinder water-cooled inline [[W engine]] Lorraine-Dietrich LD-12Eb, built by license in Polish Skoda Works. Water radiator under a fuselage front. Two-blade wooden propeller of a fixed pitch. Fuel tank 280 L in a fuselage. Armament: two fixed 7.7 mm Vickers machineguns with [[Synchronization gear|interrupter gear]], in hull sides. |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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PWS-10 entered service in the Polish Air Force starting from 1932. It was used in |
PWS-10 entered service in the Polish Air Force starting from 1932. It was used in cadres nos. 122, 131, 132, 141. Their flight characteristics and performance were mediocre. As soon, as in 1933 they were replaced in combat units by [[PZL P.7]] and moved to aviation school in [[Dęblin]]. Some were used there by the outbreak of [[World War II]] and in summer 1939 all remaining airworthy aircraft were gathered in [[Ułęż]].<ref name="Kołodziejski, Andrzej">{{cite journal |last1=Kołodziejski |first1=Andrzej |title=PWS-10 |journal=Lotnictwo z Szachownicą |date=2008 |volume=Lotnictwo z Szachownicą |issue=#29 |publisher=Wydawnictwo Sanko |location=Wrocław |language=pl |issn=1643-5702}}</ref> |
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In late 1936, during the [[Spanish Civil War]], 20 PWS-10 were sold in secret to [[ |
In late 1936, during the [[Spanish Civil War]], 20 PWS-10 were sold in secret to the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Spanish Nationalists]], via [[Portugal]], by the [[SEPEWE]] syndicate. Aircraft were transported in crates and were assembled by PZL workers.<ref name="Kołodziejski, Andrzej"/> First aircraft was flown in December 1936 in [[León, Spain|Leon]]. Being obsolete by then, they were not used as fighters, only for fighter pilot training (for 4. Fighter Group) in [[El Copero]] near [[Seville]]. Later PWS-10s were transferred to [[Jerez de la Frontera]] where they flew between April 1937 and the end of 1938. |
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Spanish aircraft received name ''Chiquita'', or unofficial ''Pavipollo'' and they had numbers from 4-1 to 4-20. Some were lost in crashes or scrapped, the remaining 11 were operated till the end of the 1938 and were retired in 1939<ref |
Spanish aircraft received the name ''Chiquita'', or unofficial ''Pavipollo'' and they had numbers from 4-1 to 4-20. Some were lost in crashes or scrapped, the remaining 11 were operated till the end of the 1938 and were retired in 1939.<ref name="Kołodziejski, Andrzej"/> |
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During the German [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]] in September 1939 they were too obsolete to be used in combat, but some were used for reconnaissance flights in an improvised Dęblin Group during first days of war. |
During the German [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]] in September 1939, they were too obsolete to be used in combat, but some were used for reconnaissance flights in an improvised Dęblin Group during first days of the war. |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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{{aircraft specifications| |
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<!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Aircraft]] --> |
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<!-- please answer the following questions --> |
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|plane or copter?=plane |
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|jet or prop?=prop |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=Polish Aircraft 1893–1939<ref name="cynkp408">{{harvnb|Cynk|1971|p=408}}</ref> |
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|prime units?=met |
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<!-- |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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|crew=1 |
|crew=1 |
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|length m=7.5 |
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|capacity= |
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|length |
|length note= |
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|span m=11 |
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|span |
|span note= |
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|height m=2.7 |
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|span alt= |
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|height |
|height note= |
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|wing area sqm=18 |
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|height alt= |
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|area |
|wing area note= |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|area alt= ft² |
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|airfoil= |
|airfoil= |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight kg=1115 |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg=1500 |
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|gross weight note= |
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|max takeoff weight kg=1550 |
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|useful load main= 387 kg |
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|max takeoff weight note= |
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|useful load alt= |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|max takeoff weight main= 1550 kg |
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|more general= |
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|max takeoff weight alt= |
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<!-- |
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|engine (prop)=Lorraine-Dietrich LD-12Eb |
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Powerplant |
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|type of prop= water-cooled 12-cylinder inline |
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--> |
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|number of props=1 |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|power main=478 hp |
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|eng1 name=[[Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb]] |
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|power alt= |
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|eng1 type=W-12 water-cooled piston engine |
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|eng1 hp=450 |
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|max speed main=240 km/h |
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|eng1 note= |
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|max speed alt= |
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|cruise speed main= 215 km/h |
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|cruise speed alt= |
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|stall speed main= |
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|stall speed alt= |
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|range main=520 km |
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|range alt= |
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|ceiling main=5,900 m |
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|ceiling alt= |
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|climb rate main= 5.8 m/s |
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|climb rate alt= |
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|loading main= 82.3 kg/m² |
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|loading alt= |
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|power/mass main= |
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|power/mass alt= |
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|armament= 2 x 7.7 mm [[Vickers machine guns]] |
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|prop blade number=2 |
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|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller |
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|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia note= |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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|max speed kmh=258 |
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|max speed note=at sea level |
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|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft --> |
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|cruise speed kmh= |
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|cruise speed note= |
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|stall speed kmh= |
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|stall speed note= |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|never exceed speed note= |
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|minimum control speed kmh= |
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|minimum control speed note= |
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|range km=300 |
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|range note= |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range note= |
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|ferry range km= |
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|ferry range note= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m=6500 |
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|ceiling note= |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate note= |
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|time to altitude=5 min 40 sec to {{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
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|wing loading kg/m2= |
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|wing loading note= |
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|disk loading kg/m2= |
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|disk loading note= |
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|fuel consumption kg/km= |
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|power/mass= |
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|thrust/weight= |
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|more performance= |
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<!-- |
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Armament |
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--> |
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|guns= 2 x 7.7 mm [[Vickers machine guns]]<ref>{{harvnb|Williams|Gustin2003|p=146}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*Glass, Andrzej. "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" (''Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939''), WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 (Polish language, no ISBN) |
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*Kołodziejski, Andrzej. "PWS-10". Lotnictwo z Szachownicą (magazine) #29. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Sanko, 2008. ISSN 1643-5702 (Polish language). |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww1/pws10.html Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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* [[List of aircraft of World War II]] |
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|see also=<!-- other relevant information --> |
|see also=<!-- other relevant information --> |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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*{{cite magazine|last1=Arraez Cerda|first1=Juan|title=Les avions polonais de l'aviation nationaliste: PWS-10 et RWD-13|magazine=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=December 2001 |issue=105 |pages=38–43 |trans-title=Polish Aircraft of the Nationalist Air Force: The PWS-10 and RWD-13|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}} |
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*{{cite book |last=Cynk |first=Jerzy B. |title=Polish Aircraft 1893–1939 |year=1971 |location=London |publisher=Putnam |isbn=0-370-00085-4}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Anthony G. |last2=Gustin |first2=Emmanuel G. |title=Flying Guns: World War I and its Aftermath 1914–32 |year=2003 |location=Ramsbury, UK |publisher=Airlife Publishing |isbn=1-84037-396-2}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book |last1=Glass |first1=Andrzej |title=Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893–1939 |date=1977 |publisher=WKiŁ |location=Warsaw |language=pl}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|PWS-10}} |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100311071934/http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww1/pws10.html Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101127005220/http://usuarios.multimania.es/mrodval/GC182301.HTM PWS in Spanish Army] |
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{{PWS aircraft}} |
{{PWS aircraft}} |
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{{ |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Polish fighter aircraft 1930-1939]] |
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[[Category:PWS aircraft]] |
[[Category:PWS aircraft]] |
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[[Category:1930s Polish fighter aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Parasol-wing aircraft]] |
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[[hu:PWS–10]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[pl:PWS-10]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1930]] |
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[[sr:PWS-10]] |
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Revision as of 08:30, 28 October 2023
| PWS-10 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Fighter aircraft |
| Manufacturer | PWS |
| First flight | March 1930 |
| Introduction | 1932 |
| Retired | 1939 |
| Primary users | Polish Air Force Spanish Air Force |
| Produced | 1931-1932 |
| Number built | 80 |
The PWS-10 was a Polish fighter aircraft, constructed in the PWS (Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów - Podlasie Aircraft Factory). It was the first Polish-designed fighter to enter serial production.
Design and development
First work on a domestic fighter to replace ill-fated French SPAD 61s in the Polish Air Force was initiated by PWS in 1927. The main designers were Aleksander Grzędzielski and Augustyn Zdaniewski. In 1929 the prototype was built and it first flew in March 1930. At the same time, the more modern fighter PZL P.1 was developed by the PZL. Despite the P.1 being a more capable fighter, the War Ministry decided that it needed further work, and a series of 80 PWS-10 was ordered as a temporary measure. In comparison with the advanced P.1, the PWS-10 was a more classic design, a high-wing parasol monoplane of mixed construction.
The series was built from 1931 to 1932, numbered from 5-1 to 5-80.
A variant of PWS-10 was a biplane PWS-15, being PWS-10 with another pair of wings. A single prototype was made to compare with a monoplane, on the factory's initiative. It first flew in the spring of 1931. It offered better maneuverability and climb ratio with a slightly lower maximum speed. PWS-15 was not produced and was soon broken up.
Description
Mixed construction high-wing parasol monoplane, canvas and plywood covered. A fuselage of a metal frame, covered with duralumin in the front section and canvas in the rear section. Two-spar elliptic wings, of wooden construction, canvas, and plywood covered. Stabilizers, rudder, and elevator of metal construction, canvas-covered. Open pilot's cockpit, with a windshield. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid. Engine: 12-cylinder water-cooled inline W engine Lorraine-Dietrich LD-12Eb, built by license in Polish Skoda Works. Water radiator under a fuselage front. Two-blade wooden propeller of a fixed pitch. Fuel tank 280 L in a fuselage. Armament: two fixed 7.7 mm Vickers machineguns with interrupter gear, in hull sides.
Operational history
PWS-10 entered service in the Polish Air Force starting from 1932. It was used in cadres nos. 122, 131, 132, 141. Their flight characteristics and performance were mediocre. As soon, as in 1933 they were replaced in combat units by PZL P.7 and moved to aviation school in Dęblin. Some were used there by the outbreak of World War II and in summer 1939 all remaining airworthy aircraft were gathered in Ułęż.[1]
In late 1936, during the Spanish Civil War, 20 PWS-10 were sold in secret to the Spanish Nationalists, via Portugal, by the SEPEWE syndicate. Aircraft were transported in crates and were assembled by PZL workers.[1] First aircraft was flown in December 1936 in Leon. Being obsolete by then, they were not used as fighters, only for fighter pilot training (for 4. Fighter Group) in El Copero near Seville. Later PWS-10s were transferred to Jerez de la Frontera where they flew between April 1937 and the end of 1938. Spanish aircraft received the name Chiquita, or unofficial Pavipollo and they had numbers from 4-1 to 4-20. Some were lost in crashes or scrapped, the remaining 11 were operated till the end of the 1938 and were retired in 1939.[1]
During the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, they were too obsolete to be used in combat, but some were used for reconnaissance flights in an improvised Dęblin Group during first days of the war.
Variants
- PWS-10 : Single-seat fighter biplane.
- PWS-10M : This was the original designation of the PWS-10.
- PWS-15 : PWS-10 with a new wing, one conversion only, not successful.
Operators
Specifications
Data from Polish Aircraft 1893–1939[2]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in)
- Wingspan: 11 m (36 ft 1 in)
- Height: 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
- Wing area: 18 m2 (190 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 1,115 kg (2,458 lb)
- Gross weight: 1,500 kg (3,307 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 1,550 kg (3,417 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb W-12 water-cooled piston engine, 340 kW (450 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 258 km/h (160 mph, 139 kn) at sea level
- Range: 300 km (190 mi, 160 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 6,500 m (21,300 ft)
- Time to altitude: 5 min 40 sec to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
Armament
- Guns: 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns[3]
See also
Related lists
References
Bibliography
- Arraez Cerda, Juan (December 2001). "Les avions polonais de l'aviation nationaliste: PWS-10 et RWD-13" [Polish Aircraft of the Nationalist Air Force: The PWS-10 and RWD-13]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French). No. 105. pp. 38–43. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Cynk, Jerzy B. (1971). Polish Aircraft 1893–1939. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00085-4.
- Williams, Anthony G.; Gustin, Emmanuel G. (2003). Flying Guns: World War I and its Aftermath 1914–32. Ramsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-396-2.
Further reading
- Glass, Andrzej (1977). Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893–1939 (in Polish). Warsaw: WKiŁ.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to PWS-10.
