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Moulouya River: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 35°07′22″N 2°20′12″W / 35.1228°N 2.3367°W / 35.1228; -2.3367
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{{Short description|River in eastern Morocco}}
'''Moulouya River''' ('''Wadi Muluya''', {{lang-ar|وادي ملوية}}) is a 520 km long river in [[Morocco]]. Its sources are located in [[Middle Atlas]]. It empties to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] south-west of [[Melilla]] at about {{coor d|35.1227778|N|2.3366667|W}}. Water level in the river often fluctuates. The river is being used for [[irrigation]].
{{Infobox river
| name = Moulouya River
| native_name = {{native name list |tag1=ber-Latn|name1=Iɣẓer en Melwect |tag2=ar|name2=وادي ملوية}}
| image = Moulouya Marocco.jpg
| image_size = 250
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of the mouth of the Moulouya
| map = Moulouya.png
| map_size = 280
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Course of the Moulouya River [http://u.osmfr.org/m/387341/]
| source1_location = [[Jbel Ayachi]]
| mouth_location = [[Mediterranean Sea]] near [[Saïdia]]
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Morocco]]
| progression = [[Middle Atlas]] - [[Hassan II Dam]] - [[Mohamed V Dam]] - [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| length = {{cvt|520|km|mi|0}}
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|3700|m|ft}}
| mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|ft}}
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|35.1228|-2.3367|display=inline,title}}
| discharge1_avg = varies
| basin_size =
| river_system =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| extra = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Embouchure de la Moulouya
| designation1_date = 15 January 2005
| designation1_number = 1478<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embouchure de la Moulouya |website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1478 |accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}}
}}
The '''Moulouya River''' ([[Berber language|Berber]]: ''iɣẓer en Melwect'', {{Lang-ar|وادي ملوية}}) is a {{Convert|520|km|4=-long|abbr=on|adj=mid}} river in [[Morocco]]. Its sources are located in the [[Jbel Ayachi|Ayashi]] mountain in the [[Middle Atlas]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=M. |last=Peyron |url=http://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/188 |title='Ayyachi, Jbel |encyclopedia=Encyclopédie berbère |volume=8 |place=Edisud |year=1990 |issue=8 |pages=1200–1204|doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.188 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It empties into the [[Mediterranean Sea]] near [[Saïdia]], in northeast Morocco.


Water level in the river often fluctuates. The river is used for [[irrigation]] and is dammed by the [[Hassan II Dam|Hassan II]] and [[Mohamed V Dam]]s.
⚫
{{Morocco-geo-stub}}


==History==

Before French colonisation, the Moulouya River was considered as the border between [[Ottoman Algeria]] and the dynasties that controlled Morocco.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Martinière|first1=Maximilien Antoine Cyprien Henri Poisson de La|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oT46AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA15|title=Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord Ouest africain: réunis et rédigés par ordre de M. Jules Cambon|last2=Lacroix|first2=Napoléon|date=1894|publisher=Gouvernement général de l'Algérie, Service des affaires indigènes|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Merouche|first=Lemnouar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeNPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|title=Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II.: La course, mythes et réalité|date=2007-10-15|publisher=Editions Bouchène|isbn=978-2-35676-055-5|language=fr}}</ref> A [[Battle of Moulouya|battle]] between the Ottomans and the Alawites took place in 1692 at the ford of this river.

The Romans called this river ''[[River Malvam|Malva]]''. In medieval British pseudo-history, it was mentioned as a location along the route supposedly travelled by the ancestors of the [[Scoti|Scotti]], and by [[Brutus of Troy]].<ref>{{cite web| first=Keith J. | last=Fitzpatrick-Matthews | year=2020 | title=Genealogia Brittonum: the complete Historia Brittonum | url=http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/hb/historia_brittonum1.html | access-date=2022-10-25 }}</ref><ref name="HRB 1–12">{{cite wikisource | author=[[Geoffrey of Monmouth]] | wslink=Six Old English Chronicles/Geoffrey's British History | chapter=Book 1 | plaintitle=[[Historia Regum Britanniae]] | at=Chapter 12 }}</ref> The Moulouya River formed the eastern border of the kingdom of [[Mauretania]] since King [[Bocchus I]], and more recently of the [[Rif Republic]] in the 1920s, a small part of Morocco containing important cities like Saïdia and [[Oujda]] lying to the east, between the Moulouya and the border with Algeria. Until 1956 the river also formed the eastern border of the [[Spanish Protectorate of Morocco]].

[[File:Flamingo at Moulouya.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Flamingoes in the Moulouya.]]

[[File:Désastre écologique pour le fleuve Moulouya au Maroc (6034999449).jpg|thumb|left|230px|Fish killed by pollutants fill the Moulouya River in August 2011.]]

{{clear left}}

==Ecology==
In August&nbsp;2011 fish were killed by pollutants in the Moulouya River and local residents feared for their crops and livestock.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2011/08/11/feature-03 |website=Magharebia |date=August 2011 |title=Ecological disaster mars Morocco's Moulouya River}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:River, Moulouya}}
[[Category:Rivers of Morocco]]
[[Category:Rivers of Morocco]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in Morocco]]



⚫
{{Morocco-river-stub}}
[[ar:نهر ملوية]]
[[af:Moulouya]]
[[ca:Muluia]]
[[cs:Muluja]]
[[de:Moulouya]]
[[es:Muluya]]
[[fr:Moulouya]]
[[pl:Wadi Muluya]]

Latest revision as of 12:57, 23 June 2024

Moulouya River
View of the mouth of the Moulouya
Course of the Moulouya River [1]
Native name
Location
CountryMorocco
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationJbel Ayachi
 • elevation3,700 m (12,100 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Mediterranean Sea near Saïdia
 • coordinates
35°07′22″N 2°20′12″W / 35.1228°N 2.3367°W / 35.1228; -2.3367
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length520 km (323 mi)
Discharge 
 • averagevaries
Basin features
ProgressionMiddle Atlas - Hassan II Dam - Mohamed V Dam - Mediterranean Sea
Official nameEmbouchure de la Moulouya
Designated15 January 2005
Reference no.1478[1]

The Moulouya River (Berber: iɣẓer en Melwect, Arabic: وادي ملوية) is a 520 km-long (320 mi) river in Morocco. Its sources are located in the Ayashi mountain in the Middle Atlas.[2] It empties into the Mediterranean Sea near Saïdia, in northeast Morocco.

Water level in the river often fluctuates. The river is used for irrigation and is dammed by the Hassan II and Mohamed V Dams.

History

[edit]

Before French colonisation, the Moulouya River was considered as the border between Ottoman Algeria and the dynasties that controlled Morocco.[3][4] A battle between the Ottomans and the Alawites took place in 1692 at the ford of this river.

The Romans called this river Malva. In medieval British pseudo-history, it was mentioned as a location along the route supposedly travelled by the ancestors of the Scotti, and by Brutus of Troy.[5][6] The Moulouya River formed the eastern border of the kingdom of Mauretania since King Bocchus I, and more recently of the Rif Republic in the 1920s, a small part of Morocco containing important cities like Saïdia and Oujda lying to the east, between the Moulouya and the border with Algeria. Until 1956 the river also formed the eastern border of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco.

Flamingoes in the Moulouya.
Fish killed by pollutants fill the Moulouya River in August 2011.

Ecology

[edit]

In August 2011 fish were killed by pollutants in the Moulouya River and local residents feared for their crops and livestock.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Embouchure de la Moulouya". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. ^ Peyron, M. (1990). "'Ayyachi, Jbel". Encyclopédie berbère. Vol. 8. Edisud. pp. 1200–1204. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.188.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Martinière, Maximilien Antoine Cyprien Henri Poisson de La; Lacroix, Napoléon (1894). Documents pour servir à l'étude du Nord Ouest africain: réunis et rédigés par ordre de M. Jules Cambon (in French). Gouvernement général de l'Algérie, Service des affaires indigènes.
  4. ^ Merouche, Lemnouar (2007-10-15). Recherches sur l'Algérie à l'époque ottomane II.: La course, mythes et réalité (in French). Editions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-055-5.
  5. ^ Fitzpatrick-Matthews, Keith J. (2020). "Genealogia Brittonum: the complete Historia Brittonum". Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  6. ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth. "Book 1" . Historia Regum Britanniae. Chapter 12 – via Wikisource.
  7. ^ "Ecological disaster mars Morocco's Moulouya River". Magharebia. August 2011.
[edit]


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