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{{short description|Destroyer of the Royal Navy}}
{{other ships|HMS Phoenix}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Phoenix (1911).jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Phoenix''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name='''HMS ''Phoenix'''''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Vickers Limited]] of [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=9 October 1911<ref name=AS/>
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship captured=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=Sunk on 14 May 1918 by the Austrian submarine SM ''U-27''<ref name=AS/>
|Ship homeport=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Acheron class destroyer|''Acheron''-class destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=990 tons
|Ship length={{convert|75|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|7.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|2.7|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=*Three shaft Parsons Turbines
*Three Yarrow boilers (oil fired)
*13,500 shp
|Ship speed=28 [[knot (unit)|kt]] (66.7&nbsp;km/h)
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship complement=72
|Ship time to activate=
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|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=
* 2 × [[BL 4-inch Mk VII naval gunI|BL {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=4}} L/40 Mark VIII guns]], mounting P Mark V
* 2 × [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun]], mounting P Mark I
* 2 × single tubes for [[British 21-inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo]]es
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|}
'''HMS ''Phoenix''''' was an [[Acheron class destroyer|''Acheron''-class]] [[destroyer]] of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]]. She is named for the [[Phoenix (mythology)|mythical bird]], and was the fifteenth ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name.  She was the only British warship ever to be sunk by the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyAustrian.htm|title=The Austro-Hungarian Navy |publisher= Naval-History.net|access-date=2008-09-28}}</ref><ref name=WS>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?438|title=HMS ''Phoenix'' |publisher= Wrecksite|access-date=2008-09-26}}</ref>

==Pennant Numbers==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
!Pennant Number<ref name=AS>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/s0440000.htm|title=''"Arrowsmith" List'': Royal Navy WWI Destroyer Pendant Numbers|access-date=2008-07-01}}</ref>||From|||To
|-
|H75||6 December 1914||Unknown
|-
|H94||Unknown||Sunk 14 May 1918
|}

==Design==
The ''Acheron''-class (redesignated the I-class in October 1913) was an improved version of the {{sclass|Acorn|destroyer}} which had been built for the Royal Navy under the 1909–1910 shipbuilding programme. Fourteen destroyers were ordered for the Royal Navy to the standard [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|Admiralty]] design, with six more as 'builder's specials', to the design of specialist destroyer shipyards, later followed by three more high-speed specials and six for Australia.<ref name="conways06 p75">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=75}}</ref><ref name="fried p122-3">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|pp=122–123}}</ref>

The ''Acheron''s were {{convert|246|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} [[length overall|long overall]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|25|ft|8|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|9|ft|m}}. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was about {{convert|773|LT|t}} legend and {{convert|990|LT|t}}} deep load. Three Yarrow [[water-tube boiler]]s fed steam to Parsons [[steam turbine]]s which drove three shafts. The machinery was rated at {{convert|13500|shp|kW}}, giving a speed of {{convert|27|kn|mph km/h}}. Two funnels were fitted.<ref name="conways06 p75"/>

The ships were armed with two 4-inch (102&nbsp;mm) BL Mk VIII on the centreline and two 12-pounder 12 cwt{{#tag:ref|12 cwt refers to the weight of the gun in [[hundredweight]]s|group=lower-alpha}} guns on the ship's beam. Two single 21-inch (533&nbsp;mm) torpedo tubes were fitted. The ships had a complement of 72 men.<ref name="conways06 p74-5">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|pp=74–75}}</ref>

''Phoenix'' was [[keel laying|laid down]] at [[Vickers]]' [[Barrow-in-Furness]] shipyard on 4 January 1911, was [[ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 9 October 1911 and was completed in May 1912.<ref name="fried p306">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=306}}</ref>

==Career==
At the beginning of the First World War, ''Phoenix'' was part of the [[First Destroyer Flotilla]] operating in the North Sea. She and her sisters were attached to the [[Grand Fleet]] as soon as the war started.

===Action on 16 August 1914===
On 16 August 1914, within days of the outbreak of war, the First Destroyer Flotilla engaged an enemy cruiser off the mouth of the Elbe, which is reported with great verve by an author writing under the pseudonym "Clinker Knocker" in 1938:
{{cquote|On Aug 16th we had our first brush with the enemy, and our flotilla received a sample of German gunnery which our own gunners acknowledged was excellent. We were on our usual Dutch coast patrol, known as the 'broad fourteens' and were somewhere off the mouth of the river Elbe off the German coast. At daybreak we chased a German collier and made contact with a powerful armoured cruiser, which opened fire on us with 8.2 inch guns. Our heaviest gun was four-inch, so the enemy easily outranged us, and straddled us with her accurate salvo firing. The ''Goshawk'' and ''Phoenix'' were disabled, and shells were ricochetting over us. ''Fearless'' led us in a determined attack to close with torpedoes, but the large German Cruiser foiled our intentions by running for home, and we did not blame her. We were very disappointed, however at not being able to equalise matters with the third flotilla, but the [[SMS Yorck|''Yorch'']] or [[SMS Roon|''Roon'']] or whichever ship it may have been was too near home for us to follow, and we left the vicinity after the ''Goshawk'' and ''Phoenix'' had patched up their wounds.|20px|20px|''Aye, Aye, Sir, a saga of the lower deck'' by Clinker Knocker<ref>{{cite book |title= Aye, Aye, Sir, a saga of the lower deck|last=Knocker |first=Clinker |year=1938 |publisher=[[Rich & Cowan]] Ltd |location=London }}</ref>}}

===The Battle of Heligoland Bight===
She was present with First Destroyer Flotilla on 28 August 1914 at the [[Battle of Heligoland Bight (1914)|Battle of Heligoland Bight]], led by the [[HMS Fearless (1912)|light cruiser ''Fearless'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/heligoland-oob.html|title=Battle of Heligoland Bight – Order of Battle (World War 1 Naval Combat website)|access-date=2009-03-08}}</ref> ''Phoenix'' suffered one man wounded during the action<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1914/nov/25/arrests-without-warrant#S5CV0068P0_19141125_CWA_11|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=25 November 1914|title=''Hansard'', Written Answers, 25 November 1914|access-date=2009-04-08}}</ref>

===The Battle of Dogger Bank===
On 24 January 1915 ''Phoenix'' took part in the [[Battle of Dogger Bank (1915)|Battle of Dogger Bank]], and her crew shared in the Prize Money for the [[Kaiserliche Marine|German]] armoured cruiser [[SMS Blücher|''Blücher'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/LondonGazette/PrizeMoney/Prize_Bounty_WWI.html|title=An Index of Prize Bounties as announced in the London Gazette 1915–1925|access-date=2008-09-28|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083340/http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/LondonGazette/PrizeMoney/Prize_Bounty_WWI.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===The Battle of Jutland===
''Phoenix'' was not present with her flotilla at the [[Battle of Jutland]] on 31 May 1916.

===HMAT ''Ballarat''===
''Phoenix'' was escorting the Australian troopship ''Ballarat'' when she was attacked by a German submarine on [[Anzac Day]] (25 April) 1917 in the English Channel.  Although efforts were made to tow ''Ballarat'' to shallow water, she sank off [[The Lizard]] the following morning. No people died of the 1,752 souls on board, a striking testament to the calmness and discipline of the troops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/A02377|title=''Ballarat'' photograph at the Australian War Memorial website|access-date=2008-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215100551/http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/A02377|archive-date=15 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:HMAT Ballarat sinking.jpg|HMAT ''Ballarat'' sinking, ''Phoenix'' to the left
File:HMS Phoenix & troopship Ballarat 1917 AWM H13735.jpeg|''Phoenix'' alongside ''Ballarat''
</gallery>

===Mediterranean Service===
In September 1917, ''Phoenix'' transferred to the [[Fifth Destroyer Flotilla]] which was operating in the Mediterranean.  This posting was to be her last.<ref>''Supplement to the Monthly Navy List'' (September 1917), p. 21.</ref>
[[File:HMS Phoenix (1911) sinking.jpg|thumb|right|HMS ''Phoenix'' lists to port after being torpedoed, viewed from HMAS ''Warrego'']]

==Loss==
At 9:18 on 14 May 1918, while patrolling the Otranto Barrage, the ''Phoenix'' was torpedoed amidships by the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] submarine {{SMS|U-27|Austria-Hungary|6|sub=y}}, at position {{coord|40|12|30|N|18|52|12|E|display=inline}}.<ref name=WS/><ref>{{cite book | last = Gibson | first = R. H. |author2=Maurice Prendergast <!-- not the American painter --> | title = The German Submarine War, 1914–1918 | location = Annapolis, Maryland | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2003 | orig-year = 1931 | isbn = 978-1-59114-314-7 | oclc = 52924732|page=271 }}</ref> [[HMAS Warrego (D70)|HMAS ''Warrego'']] made an unsuccessful attempt to tow her to Valona (now [[Vlorë]] in Albania),<ref name=AWM>{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_12628.asp|title=HMAS ''Warrego'' at the Australian War Memorial website|access-date=2008-09-26}}</ref> but she sank within sight of the port at 13:10 in position {{coord|40|23.5|N|19|14|E|display=inline, title}}.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hepper | first = David | title =  British Warship Losses in the Ironclad Era 1860 &ndash; 1919 | location = London | publisher = Chatham Publishing | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-86176-273-3|page=133}}</ref> The crew had been taken off before she capsized, and there were only two fatalities; a Leading Stoker and an Engine Room Artificer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1918-05May.htm|title=Royal Naval Casualties May 1918 at Naval-History.net|access-date=2008-09-28}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Citations==

{{Reflist}}

==References==

*{{cite book|last1=Dittmar|first1=F. J.|last2=Colledge|first2=J. J.|title=British Warships 1914–1919|year=1972|publisher=Ian Allan|location=Shepperton, UK|isbn=0-7110-0380-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War|year=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-049-9}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}

{{Acheron class destroyers}}
{{May 1918 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoenix (1911)}}
[[Category:Acheron-class destroyers of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]]
[[Category:1911 ships]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1918]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by Austro-Hungarian submarines]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea]]

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