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{{short description|Destroyer of the French Navy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Bisson french destroyer.jpg
|Ship caption=[[Sister ship]] {{ship|French destroyer|Bisson||2}} in harbor
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=France
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|France|naval}}
|Ship name=''Mangini''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship original cost=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider et Cie]], [[Chalon-sur-Saône]]
|Ship laid down=1911
|Ship launched=31 March 1913
|Ship completed=1914
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship struck=1934
|Ship fate=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Bisson|destroyer}}
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|756|-|791|t|LT|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|78.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[p/p]])
|Ship beam={{convert|8.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|3.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*{{cvt|15000|shp|0|lk=on}}
*4 [[water-tube boiler]]s
|Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2 [[steam turbine]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|1950|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn}}
|Ship complement=80–83
|Ship armament=*2 × single [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|{{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on|1}} guns]]
*4 × single [[Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891|{{convert|65|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns]]
*2 × twin {{convert|450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Mangini''''' was one of six {{sclass|Bisson|destroyer}}s built for the [[French Navy]] during the 1910s. The ship was condemned in 1934.

==Design and description==
The ''Bisson'' class were enlarged versions of the preceding {{sclass|Bouclier|destroyer|4}} built to a more standardized design. The ships had a [[length between perpendiculars]] of {{convert|78.1|m|ftin|sp=us}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|8.6|m|ftin|sp=us}}, and a [[draft (hull)|draft]] of {{convert|3.1|m|ftin|sp=us}}.<ref name=gg2/> Designed to [[Displacement (ship)|displace]] {{convert|850|-|880|t|LT|sp=us|lk=on|0}},<ref name=c1>Couhat, p. 111</ref> they displaced {{cvt|756|-|791|t|LT|0}} at normal load. Their crew numbered 80–83 men.<ref name=gg2>Smigielski, p. 203</ref>

''Mangini'' was powered by a pair of [[Heinrich Zoelly|Zoelly]] [[steam turbine]]s, each driving one [[propeller shaft]] using steam provided by four Indret [[water-tube boiler]]s. The engines were designed to produce {{convert|15000|shp|kW|lk=on}} which was intended to give the ships a speed of {{convert|30|kn|lk=in}}. During her [[sea trial]]s, ''Mangini'' reached a speed of {{convert|30.93|kn}}.<ref name=c1/> The ships carried enough [[fuel oil]] to give them a range of {{convert|1450|nmi|lk=in}} at cruising speeds of {{convert|14|kn}}.<ref name=gg2/>

The primary armament of the ''Bisson''-class ships consisted of two [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|{{convert|100|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us|1}}]] Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the [[superstructure]], and four [[Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891|{{convert|65|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} Modèle 1902]] guns distributed [[amidships]]. They were also fitted with two twin rotating mounts for {{convert|450|mm|in|adj=on|1|sp=us}} [[torpedo tube]]s amidships.<ref name=c1/>

==Construction and career==
[[File:Canal de Corinthe - Corinthe - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - APZ0004653.jpg|thumb|''Mangini'' passing through the [[Corinth Canal]] on 2 September 1917]]
''Mangini'' was ordered from [[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider et Cie]] and was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] from its [[Chalon-sur-Saône]] [[shipyard]] on 31 March 1913. The ship was completed the following year.<ref name=c1/> When the First World War began in August 1914, ''Mangini'' was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla ({{lang|fr|1<sup>re</sup> escadrille de torpilleurs}}) of the [[Mediterranean Fleet (France)|1st Naval Army]] ({{lang|fr|1<sup>ère</sup> Armée Navale}}). During the preliminary stages of the [[Battle of Antivari]], [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]], on 16 August, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the [[armored cruiser]]s of the 2nd Light Squadron ({{lang|fr|2<sup>e</sup> escadre légère}}) and two British [[cruiser]]s. After reuniting both groups and spotting the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy|Austro-Hungarian]] [[protected cruiser]] {{SMS|Zenta}} and the destroyer {{SMS|Ulan}}, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of ''Ulan''. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of [[Bar, Montenegro|Antivari]] (now known as Bar), [[Vice-Admiral]] ({{lang|fr|Vice-amiral}}) [[Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère]], commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port using a small requisitioned [[passenger ship]], {{SS|Liamone}}, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron, reinforced by the armored cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Ernest Renan||2}}, and escorted by the destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Bouclier||2}} with the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas under command while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at [[Cattaro]], Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of [[Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro]], aboard ''Bouclier'', to the Greek island of [[Corfu]]. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle. Amidst these missions, the 1st and 6th Flotillas were led by the {{ship|French destroyer|Dehorter}} as they conducted a sweep south of Cattaro on the night of 10/11 November in an unsuccessful search for Austro-Hungarian destroyers.<ref>Freivogel, pp. 98–99, 117–121; Prévoteaux, I, pp. 27, 55–56, 59–62</ref>

The torpedoing of the {{ship|French battleship|Jean Bart|1911|6}} on 21 December caused a change in French tactics as the battleships were too important to risk to submarine attack. Henceforth, only the destroyers would escort the transports. After Italy signed the [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]] and declared war on the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] on 23 May 1915, Boué de Lapeyrère reorganized his forces in late June to cover the approaches to the Adriatic and interdict merchant shipping of the [[Central Powers]] since the [[Royal Italian Navy]] ({{lang|it|Regia Marina}}) now had primary responsibility for the Adriatic itself. His area of responsibility extended from [[Sardinia]] to [[Crete]] and he divided it into two zones with the 1st Light Squadron assigned to the western zone and the 2nd Light Squadron in the east. Those destroyers of the 1st Naval Army not assigned to reinforce the Italians were transferred to the newly-formed 1st and 2nd Flotillas of the Naval Army ({{lang|fr|flotille d'Armée navale}}). The 1st and 3rd Destroyer Flotillas were assigned to the 2nd Flotilla of the Naval Army, of which ‘’Dehorter’’ was the [[flagship]], which was tasked to support the cruisers of the 2nd Light Division.<ref>Jordan & Caresse, pp. 232–233; Prévoteaux, I, pp. 116–117</ref>

On 18 April 1918,<ref group=note>Some sources date the collision on 10 April.</ref> she rammed and sank destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Faulx||2}} in the [[Strait of Otranto]] after her steering broke down.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyFrench.htm |title=French Navy |publisher=Naval History |accessdate=21 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?138453|title=Faulx (FX) (+1918)|publisher=[[Wrecksite]]|accessdate=30 August 2022}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Couhat|first=Jean Labayle|title=French Warships of World War I|year=1974|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|isbn=0-7110-0445-5}}
*{{cite book |last1=Freivogel |first1=Zvonimir |title=The Great War in the Adriatic Sea 1914–1918 |date=2019 |publisher=Despot Infinitus |location=Zagreb |isbn=978-953-8218-40-8}}
*{{cite book |last1=Jordan |first1=John |last2=Caresse |first2=Philippe |title=French Armoured Cruisers 1887–1932 |date=2019 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-5267-4118-9|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book |last1=Prévoteaux |first1=Gérard |title=La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome I 1914–1915 |date=2017 |publisher=Éditions Lela presse |location=Le Vigen, France |isbn=978-2-37468-000-2|trans-title=The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book I 1914–1915|series=Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond|volume=23}}
*{{cite book |last1=Prévoteaux |first1=Gérard |title=La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome II 1916–1918 |date=2017 |publisher=Éditions Lela presse |location=Le Vigen, France |isbn=978-2-37468-001-9|trans-title=The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book II 1916–1918|series=Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond|volume=27}}
* {{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Stephen S.|title=French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|year=2021|location=Barnsley, UK|publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Smigielski|first=Adam|chapter=France|pages=190–220|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985 |location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-87021-907-3}}

{{Bisson class destroyer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangini}}
[[Category:Bisson-class destroyers]]
[[Category:Ships built in France]]
[[Category:1913 ships]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

French battleship Jean Bart (1911) (edit)
French cruiser Ernest Renan (edit)
French destroyer Bisson (edit)
French destroyer Bouclier (edit)
French destroyer Commandant Lucas (edit)
French destroyer Dehorter (edit)
French destroyer Faulx (edit)
French destroyer Magon (edit)
French destroyer Protet (edit)
French destroyer Renaudin (edit)
SMS Ulan (edit)
SMS Zenta (edit)
SS Liamone (view source)
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