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Wiktionary

wa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "wa"

Translingual

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Symbol

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wa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Walloon.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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wa

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. A traditional proa-style outrigger canoe of the Caroline Islands.

Etymology 2

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From Thai วา (waa).

Noun

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wa (plural wa)

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. A Thai unit of length, traditionally comparable to a fathom, and now officially equal to two metres.

Etymology 3

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From Japanese 和 (wa).

Noun

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wa (uncountable)

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. In Japanese society, the favouring of a harmonious community over one's personal interests.

Etymology 4

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wa

  1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of where.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch wagen.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /vɑː/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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wa (plural waens, diminutive waentjie)

  1. wagon
  2. cart
  3. automobile, car

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Amele

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

References

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Anguthimri

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Noun

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wa

  1. (Mpakwithi) grey hair

References

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  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 189

Antillean Creole

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Etymology

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From French roi.

Noun

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wa

  1. king

Atong (India)

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa. Cognate with Garo wa (“tooth, tusk”), Jingpho wa (“tooth”), Burmese သွား (swa:), and Tibetan སོ (so).

Noun

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wa

  1. tooth, tusk

References

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Bambara

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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wa

  1. final interrogative particle on a yes/no question

Baoule

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Adverb

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wa

  1. here

Bassa

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. they, them

Verb

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wa

  1. to break

References

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Bau

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

Further reading

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Butmas-Tur

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

References

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Canela

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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wa

  1. third-person of xwa

Egyptian

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Romanization

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wa

  1. Manuel de Codage transliteration of wꜥ.

Etulo

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Verb

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wā

  1. drink
    ḿ wēnî — I drink water
    ḿ wēnī — I drank water

References

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  • Rose-Juliet Anyanwu, Fundamentals of Phonetics, Phonology and Tonology (2008)

Garo

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa. Cognate with Jingpho wa (“tooth”), Burmese သွား (swa:), and Tibetan སོ (so).

Noun

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wa

  1. tooth

Gele'

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

German

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Etymology 1

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From dialectal wat (“what”).

Pronunciation 1

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Particle
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wa

  1. (colloquial, regional, parts of northern and central Germany) right?; is it?; is it not?
    Synonyms: ne, oder, gell; see also Thesaurus:nicht wahr
    Wir müssen da lang, wa?
    We need to go this way, don't we?

Pronunciation 2

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  • IPA(key): /vah/, /vhah/
    • IPA(key): [ʋæh], [ʋhæh] (parts of northern Germany)
Particle
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wa

  1. (colloquial, potentially rude) what, huh (expresses that something was extremely hard to understand acoustically or outlandish in content)
    Synonyms: hä, hüä; was
Usage notes
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  • Also spelled wat. Especially common in Hamburg and western Holstein, where dialects traditionally drop final /t/ (especially after fricatives).

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of wir.

Gilbertese

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Noun

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wa

  1. pirogue

Gun

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Etymology

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Stemming from the possible Proto-Gbe *bá, Proto-Gbe *vá, Proto-Gbe *wá, or Proto-Gbe *ɓá. Cognates include Fon wá, Saxwe Gbe va, Adja va, Ewe va. Possibly also cognates with Yoruba wá, Itsekiri wá, Olukumi wá

Pronunciation

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Verb

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wá

  1. to come

Haitian Creole

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From French roi (“king”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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wa

  1. king

See also

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Ifè

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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cognate with Yoruba wá

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

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wa (wá)

  1. come

Jamaican Creole

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Etymology

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Derived from English what.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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wa

  1. what
    Wa yu se?
    What did you say?

Further reading

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  • wa at majstro.com

Japanese

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Romanization

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wa

  1. The hiragana syllable わ (wa) or the katakana syllable ワ (wa) in Hepburn romanization.
  2. The hiragana syllable は (wa) or the katakana syllable ハ (wa) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)
  3. The katakana syllable ウァ (wa) in Hepburn-like romanization.

Kapampangan

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Interjection

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wa

  1. yes
    Antonym: ali

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *va.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈva/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: wa

Pronoun

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wa

  1. second-person plural pronoun; you

Declension

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Declension of wa
plural
nominative wa
genitive was, waju
dative wama
accusative was, waju
instrumental wama
locative was, waju

Further reading

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  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wy”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “wa”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Kituba

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Verb

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wa

  1. to hear

Kumeyaay

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Noun

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wa

  1. house

Ladino

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Etymology

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Probably from Moroccan Arabic ايوه (iwa).

Interjection

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wa

  1. (Haketia) so (used to introduce a new conversation or topic)

Lingala

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Verb

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wa

  1. to die

Lorediakarkar

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

Mandarin

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Romanization

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wa (wa5／wa0, Zhuyin ˙ㄨㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哇

wa

  1. Nonstandard spelling of wā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of wá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of wǎ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of wà.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Marshallese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Micronesian *waxa, from Proto-Oceanic *waga, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *waŋka, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *waŋka. Cognate with Maori waka, Tongan vaka, Hawaiian waʻa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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wa

  1. canoe, ship, boat
  2. vehicle

References

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Mokilese

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Verb

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wa

  1. to carry

Derived terms

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Muong

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Etymology

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From Chinese 花 (MC xwae). Cognate with Vietnamese hoa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /waː¹/, [waː¹ ~ βaː¹]

Noun

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wa

  1. (Mường Bi) flower
    Synonym: pông

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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-wa

  1. to fall

Inflection

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This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sotho

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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wa

  1. to fall

Oirata

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Noun

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wa

  1. pea, bean

Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *wai, from Proto-Germanic *wai, from Proto-Indo-European *wai.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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wā

  1. woe! alas! (expression of grief or anguish)

Derived terms

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Adverb

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wā

  1. woe, ill
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Descendants

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  • Middle English: wa, wo, woo

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah.

Noun

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wa

  1. ember, glowing coal

Ottawa

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Pronoun

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wa anim sg (plural niwi, obviative giwi)

  1. that

References

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  • Jerry Randolph Valentine (2001) Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, University of Toronto, page 123

Panim

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

Further reading

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Peranakan Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 我 (óa, “I, me, my”).

Pronoun

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wa

  1. I; me; my (first person pronoun)

Phuthi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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-wa

  1. to fall

Inflection

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This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *va.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. first-person dual pronoun; we

Further reading

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  • Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “wa”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 248

Polonombauk

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

Sa

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

Scots

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle English wal, from Old English weall, from Proto-West Germanic *wall, from Latin vallum.

Noun

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wa (plural was)

  1. wall

References

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Shark Bay

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Noun

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wa

  1. water

Slovincian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *va.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈva/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: wa

Pronoun

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wa

  1. second person dual pronoun you two

Further reading

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Sotho

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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wa

  1. to fall

Sumerian

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Romanization

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wa

  1. Romanization of 𒉿 (wa)

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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-wa (infinitive kuwa)

  1. to be
    Wewe ni nani? ― Who are you?
  2. (in positive present) to become
    Inakuwa baridi. ― It is getting cold.
  3. (auxiliary) dummy verb that takes tense marking while the main verb takes aspect marking
    nilikuwa ninaandika ― I was writing
  4. (with specified location) stem of -wapo, -wako, or -wamo
  5. (with na or a form thereof) stem of -wa na
Conjugation
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Conjugation of -wa (irregular)
Positive present -nakuwa
Gnomic ni
Subjunctive -we
Negative si
Imperative singular kuwa
Infinitives
Positive kuwa
Negative kutokuwa
Imperatives
Singular kuwa
Plural kuweni
Tensed forms
Habitual huwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakuwa/nakuwa tunakuwa
2nd person unakuwa mnakuwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuwa wanakuwa
other classes positive subject concord + -nakuwa
Negative present si
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -we)
Singular Plural
1st person niwe tuwe
2nd person uwe muwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awe wawe
other classes positive subject concord + -we
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwa
Gnomic ni
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwa
Consecutive kawa / positive subject concord + -kawa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawe
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liye -lio
m-mi(III/IV) -lio -liyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilo -liyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -licho -livyo
n(IX/X) -liyo -lizo
u(XI) -lio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -liko
pa(XVI) -lipo
mu(XVIII) -limo
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siye -sio
m-mi(III/IV) -sio -siyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -silo -siyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sicho -sivyo
n(IX/X) -siyo -sizo
u(XI) -sio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -siko
pa(XVI) -sipo
mu(XVIII) -simo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwa -okuwa
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwa -yokuwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwa -yokuwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwa -vyokuwa
n(IX/X) -yokuwa -zokuwa
u(XI) -okuwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuwa
pa(XVI) -pokuwa
mu(XVIII) -mokuwa
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Etymology 2

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Particle

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wa

  1. A class inflected form of -a.
  2. Wa class inflected form of -a.

Tagalog

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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wa (Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

  1. shoo; used to drive away pigs and other animals
  2. used to express surprise, dismay, or sometimes a joke
See also
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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wâ (Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

  1. said to make small children and babies laugh (usually said when playing peekaboo)

Etymology 3

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Influenced by Baybayin character ᜏ (wa).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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wa (Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter W/w, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) dobolyu

See also

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Further reading

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  • “wa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

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Tapayuna

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Northern Jê *ba (“I”) < Proto-Cerrado *waj’ (“I”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. I (nominative case)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Northern Jê *mba (“liver”) < Proto-Cerrado *mba (“liver”) < Proto-Jê *mba (“liver”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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wa

  1. liver

Ternate

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Etymology

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Shortening of the negation particle ua.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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wa

  1. sentence-final confirmation particle; isn't it?
    Bira moi rai, wa? ― The rice is already finished, right?
  2. sentence-final that indicates the speaker knows or should know what is being said
    Ngori tonyodi kolano ua, wa. ― I did not see the king, as you know.
    Piring ma riha, wa; ngomi ino misibela romodidi se ngomi.
    We divide the plates (red, as you know) between the two of us.
    (literally, “The plates that are red as you know; we here divided them into two for us.”)

References

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  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Torres Strait Creole

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Adverb

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wa

  1. yes

Tsonga

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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wa

  1. to fall

Tswana

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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wa

  1. to fall

Unami

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. this (animate)

See also

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Unami demonstrative pronouns
Animate Inanimate Obviative
Proximal Singular (near the speaker) wa, wàn, wàni yu, yun, yuni yul, yuli
Distal Singular (far from the speaker) na, nàn, nàni në, nën, nëni
Proximal plural (near the speaker) yuki, yuk yuli, yul nèl
Distal plural (far from the speaker) nèki, nèk nèl
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) distal singular naka nike
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) distal plural nèl nikahke
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) proximal singular waka

Venda

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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wa

  1. to fall

West Flemish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷod.

Pronoun

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wa

  1. (interrogative) what

West Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian hwā, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. who (interrogative)
    Wa binne jo?
    Who are you?

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “wa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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wa

  1. (intransitive) to stay
Conjugation
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Conjugation of wa (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tawa mawa awa
2nd person nawa fawa
3rd person inanimate iwa dawa
animate
imperative nawa, wa fawa, wa

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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wa

  1. also

References

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  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[3], Pacific linguistics

Woleaian

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Etymology

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Cognate with Mokilese war (“canoe”)

Noun

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wa

  1. canoe

Xhosa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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-wa

  1. (intransitive) to fall

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yoruba

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Cognate with Igala wa

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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wa

  1. our (first-person plural possessive pronoun)
See also
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Yoruba possessive pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mi wa
2nd person (r)ẹ yín
3rd person (r)ẹ̀ wọn

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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wà

  1. to be (have a location in space)
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Proto-Edekiri *wá compare with the Proto-Gbe *bá, Proto-Gbe *vá, Proto-Gbe *wá, or Proto-Gbe *ɓá. Cognates include Fon wá, Gun wá, Adja vá, Saxwe Gbe va, Ewe va from the Gbe languages, in addition to Akan bra, Akan ba, Nkonya ba

Pronunciation

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Verb

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wá

  1. come
    Synonym: bọ̀

Synonyms

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Yoruba Varieties and Languages - wá (“to come”)
view map; edit data
Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÀoÌdóàníyá
Eastern ÀkókóÀkùngbá Àkókówá
Ṣúpárè Àkókówá
ÌdànrèÌdànrèwá
Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdewá
Ìkòròdúwá
Ṣágámùwá
Ẹ̀pẹ́wá
Ìkálẹ̀Òkìtìpupawá
ÌlàjẹMahinwá
OǹdóOǹdówá
Ọ̀wọ̀Ọ̀wọ̀wá
UsẹnUsẹnwá
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹwá
OlùkùmiUgbódùwá
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìá
Àkúrẹ́á
Ọ̀tùn Èkìtìghá, á
Ifẹ̀Ilé Ifẹ̀á
ÌgbómìnàÌlá Ọ̀ràngúnwá
Ìjẹ̀ṣàIléṣàá
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàwá
Ẹ̀gbáAbẹ́òkútawá
ÈkóÈkówá
ÌbàdànÌbàdànwá
ÌbàràpáIgbó Òràwá
Ìbọ̀lọ́Òṣogbowá
ÌlọrinÌlọrinwá
OǹkóÌtẹ̀síwájú LGAwá
Ìwàjówà LGAwá
Kájọlà LGAwá
Ìsẹ́yìn LGAwá
Ṣakí West LGAwá
Atisbo LGAwá
Ọlọ́runṣògo LGAwá
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́wá
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàwá
Bɛ̀nɛ̀wá
Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàYàgbà East LGAghá
OwéKabbaghá
Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaAnaSokodewá
Cábɛ̀ɛ́Cábɛ̀ɛ́wá
Tchaourouwá
ÌcàAgouawá
ÌdàácàIgbó Ìdàácàwá
Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-ÌjèÌkpòbɛ́wá
Kétuwá
Onigbolowá
Yewawá
Ifɛ̀Akpáréwá
Atakpaméwá
Bokowá
Moretanwá
Tchettiwá
KuraAledjo-Kourawá
Awotébiwá
Partagowá
Mɔ̄kɔ́léKandinàá
Northern NagoKambolewá
Manigriwá
Overseas YorubaLucumíHavanagua

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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wá

  1. to look for
Derived terms
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  • wájà (“look for a fight”)

Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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wà

  1. to drive
Derived terms
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Zacatepec Chatino

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Pronoun

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wa

  1. we (exclusive)

Zarma

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Noun

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wa

  1. milk

Zay

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Etymology

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Cognate to Silt'e [script needed] (-wa:).

Conjunction

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wa

  1. and

References

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  • Initial SLLE Survey of the Zway Area by Klaus Wedekind and Charlotte Wedekind

Zia

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Noun

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wa

  1. rain

Zulu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀a.

Verb

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-wa

  1. (intransitive) to fall, to drop

Inflection

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Tone L
Infinitive ukuwa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuwa ukungawi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yiwa -we
Plural yiwani -weni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyawa, ngiwa engiwayo, engiwa ngiwa angiwi engingawi ngingawi
2nd singular uyawa, uwa owayo, owa uwa awuwi ongawi ungawi
1st plural siyawa, siwa esiwayo, esiwa siwa asiwi esingawi singawi
2nd plural niyawa, niwa eniwayo, eniwa niwa aniwi eningawi ningawi
Class 1 uyawa, uwa owayo, owa ewa akawi ongawi engawi
Class 2 bayawa, bawa abawayo, abawa bewa abawi abangawi bengawi
Class 3 uyawa, uwa owayo, owa uwa awuwi ongawi ungawi
Class 4 iyawa, iwa ewayo, ewa iwa ayiwi engawi ingawi
Class 5 liyawa, liwa eliwayo, eliwa liwa aliwi elingawi lingawi
Class 6 ayawa, awa awayo, awa ewa awawi angawi engawi
Class 7 siyawa, siwa esiwayo, esiwa siwa asiwi esingawi singawi
Class 8 ziyawa, ziwa eziwayo, eziwa ziwa aziwi ezingawi zingawi
Class 9 iyawa, iwa ewayo, ewa iwa ayiwi engawi ingawi
Class 10 ziyawa, ziwa eziwayo, eziwa ziwa aziwi ezingawi zingawi
Class 11 luyawa, luwa oluwayo, oluwa luwa aluwi olungawi lungawi
Class 14 buyawa, buwa obuwayo, obuwa buwa abuwi obungawi bungawi
Class 15 kuyawa, kuwa okuwayo, okuwa kuwa akuwi okungawi kungawi
Class 17 kuyawa, kuwa okuwayo, okuwa kuwa akuwi okungawi kungawi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiwile, ngiwē engiwile, engiwē ngiwile, ngiwē angiwanga engingawanga ngingawanga
2nd singular uwile, uwē owile, owē uwile, uwē awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
1st plural siwile, siwē esiwile, esiwē siwile, siwē asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
2nd plural niwile, niwē eniwile, eniwē niwile, niwē aniwanga eningawanga ningawanga
Class 1 uwile, uwē owile, owē ewile, ewē akawanga ongawanga engawanga
Class 2 bawile, bawē abawile, abawē bewile, bewē abawanga abangawanga bengawanga
Class 3 uwile, uwē owile, owē uwile, uwē awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
Class 4 iwile, iwē ewile, ewē iwile, iwē ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 5 liwile, liwē eliwile, eliwē liwile, liwē aliwanga elingawanga lingawanga
Class 6 awile, awē awile, awē ewile, ewē awawanga angawanga engawanga
Class 7 siwile, siwē esiwile, esiwē siwile, siwē asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
Class 8 ziwile, ziwē eziwile, eziwē ziwile, ziwē aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 9 iwile, iwē ewile, ewē iwile, iwē ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 10 ziwile, ziwē eziwile, eziwē ziwile, ziwē aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 11 luwile, luwē oluwile, oluwē luwile, luwē aluwanga olungawanga lungawanga
Class 14 buwile, buwē obuwile, obuwē buwile, buwē abuwanga obungawanga bungawanga
Class 15 kuwile, kuwē okuwile, okuwē kuwile, kuwē akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Class 17 kuwile, kuwē okuwile, okuwē kuwile, kuwē akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāwa engāwa ngāwa angiwanga engingawanga ngingawanga
2nd singular wāwa owāwa wāwa awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
1st plural sāwa esāwa sāwa asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
2nd plural nāwa enāwa nāwa aniwanga eningawanga ningawanga
Class 1 wāwa owāwa āwa akawanga ongawanga engawanga
Class 2 bāwa abāwa bāwa abawanga abangawanga bengawanga
Class 3 wāwa owāwa wāwa awuwanga ongawanga ungawanga
Class 4 yāwa eyāwa yāwa ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 5 lāwa elāwa lāwa aliwanga elingawanga lingawanga
Class 6 āwa āwa āwa awawanga angawanga engawanga
Class 7 sāwa esāwa sāwa asiwanga esingawanga singawanga
Class 8 zāwa ezāwa zāwa aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 9 yāwa eyāwa yāwa ayiwanga engawanga ingawanga
Class 10 zāwa ezāwa zāwa aziwanga ezingawanga zingawanga
Class 11 lwāwa olwāwa lwāwa aluwanga olungawanga lungawanga
Class 14 bāwa obāwa bāwa abuwanga obungawanga bungawanga
Class 15 kwāwa okwāwa kwāwa akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Class 17 kwāwa okwāwa kwāwa akuwanga okungawanga kungawanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingawa — ngingawa ngingewe — ngingewe
2nd singular ungawa — ungawa ungewe — ungewe
1st plural singawa — singawa singewe — singewe
2nd plural ningawa — ningawa ningewe — ningewe
Class 1 angawa — engawa angewe — engewe
Class 2 bangawa — bengawa bangewe — bengewe
Class 3 ungawa — ungawa ungewe — ungewe
Class 4 ingawa — ingawa ingewe — ingewe
Class 5 lingawa — lingawa lingewe — lingewe
Class 6 angawa — engawa angewe — engewe
Class 7 singawa — singawa singewe — singewe
Class 8 zingawa — zingawa zingewe — zingewe
Class 9 ingawa — ingawa ingewe — ingewe
Class 10 zingawa — zingawa zingewe — zingewe
Class 11 lungawa — lungawa lungewe — lungewe
Class 14 bungawa — bungawa bungewe — bungewe
Class 15 kungawa — kungawa kungewe — kungewe
Class 17 kungawa — kungawa kungewe — kungewe
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokuwa engizokuwa ngizokuwa angizukuwa engingezukuwa ngingezukuwa
2nd singular uzokuwa ozokuwa uzokuwa awuzukuwa ongezukuwa ungezukuwa
1st plural sizokuwa esizokuwa sizokuwa asizukuwa esingezukuwa singezukuwa
2nd plural nizokuwa enizokuwa nizokuwa anizukuwa eningezukuwa ningezukuwa
Class 1 uzokuwa ozokuwa ezokuwa akazukuwa ongezukuwa engezukuwa
Class 2 bazokuwa abazokuwa bezokuwa abazukuwa abangezukuwa bengezukuwa
Class 3 uzokuwa ozokuwa uzokuwa awuzukuwa ongezukuwa ungezukuwa
Class 4 izokuwa ezokuwa izokuwa ayizukuwa engezukuwa ingezukuwa
Class 5 lizokuwa elizokuwa lizokuwa alizukuwa elingezukuwa lingezukuwa
Class 6 azokuwa azokuwa ezokuwa awazukuwa angezukuwa engezukuwa
Class 7 sizokuwa esizokuwa sizokuwa asizukuwa esingezukuwa singezukuwa
Class 8 zizokuwa ezizokuwa zizokuwa azizukuwa ezingezukuwa zingezukuwa
Class 9 izokuwa ezokuwa izokuwa ayizukuwa engezukuwa ingezukuwa
Class 10 zizokuwa ezizokuwa zizokuwa azizukuwa ezingezukuwa zingezukuwa
Class 11 luzokuwa oluzokuwa luzokuwa aluzukuwa olungezukuwa lungezukuwa
Class 14 buzokuwa obuzokuwa buzokuwa abuzukuwa obungezukuwa bungezukuwa
Class 15 kuzokuwa okuzokuwa kuzokuwa akuzukuwa okungezukuwa kungezukuwa
Class 17 kuzokuwa okuzokuwa kuzokuwa akuzukuwa okungezukuwa kungezukuwa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokuwa engiyokuwa ngiyokuwa angiyukuwa engingeyukuwa ngingeyukuwa
2nd singular uyokuwa oyokuwa uyokuwa awuyukuwa ongeyukuwa ungeyukuwa
1st plural siyokuwa esiyokuwa siyokuwa asiyukuwa esingeyukuwa singeyukuwa
2nd plural niyokuwa eniyokuwa niyokuwa aniyukuwa eningeyukuwa ningeyukuwa
Class 1 uyokuwa oyokuwa eyokuwa akayukuwa ongeyukuwa engeyukuwa
Class 2 bayokuwa abayokuwa beyokuwa abayukuwa abangeyukuwa bengeyukuwa
Class 3 uyokuwa oyokuwa uyokuwa awuyukuwa ongeyukuwa ungeyukuwa
Class 4 iyokuwa eyokuwa iyokuwa ayiyukuwa engeyukuwa ingeyukuwa
Class 5 liyokuwa eliyokuwa liyokuwa aliyukuwa elingeyukuwa lingeyukuwa
Class 6 ayokuwa ayokuwa eyokuwa awayukuwa angeyukuwa engeyukuwa
Class 7 siyokuwa esiyokuwa siyokuwa asiyukuwa esingeyukuwa singeyukuwa
Class 8 ziyokuwa eziyokuwa ziyokuwa aziyukuwa ezingeyukuwa zingeyukuwa
Class 9 iyokuwa eyokuwa iyokuwa ayiyukuwa engeyukuwa ingeyukuwa
Class 10 ziyokuwa eziyokuwa ziyokuwa aziyukuwa ezingeyukuwa zingeyukuwa
Class 11 luyokuwa oluyokuwa luyokuwa aluyukuwa olungeyukuwa lungeyukuwa
Class 14 buyokuwa obuyokuwa buyokuwa abuyukuwa obungeyukuwa bungeyukuwa
Class 15 kuyokuwa okuyokuwa kuyokuwa akuyukuwa okungeyukuwa kungeyukuwa
Class 17 kuyokuwa okuyokuwa kuyokuwa akuyukuwa okungeyukuwa kungeyukuwa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngiwe ngingawi
2nd singular uwe ungawi
1st plural siwe singawi
2nd plural niwe ningawi
Class 1 awe angawi
Class 2 bawe bangawi
Class 3 uwe ungawi
Class 4 iwe ingawi
Class 5 liwe lingawi
Class 6 awe angawi
Class 7 siwe singawi
Class 8 ziwe zingawi
Class 9 iwe ingawi
Class 10 ziwe zingawi
Class 11 luwe lungawi
Class 14 buwe bungawi
Class 15 kuwe kungawi
Class 17 kuwe kungawi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngawa ngangawa, angawa, angangawa
2nd singular wawa wangawa, awawa, awangawa
1st plural sawa sangawa, asawa, asangawa
2nd plural nawa nangawa, anawa, anangawa
Class 1 wawa wangawa, akawa, akangawa
Class 2 bawa bangawa, abawa, abangawa
Class 3 wawa wangawa, awawa, awangawa
Class 4 yawa yangawa, ayawa, ayangawa
Class 5 lawa langawa, alawa, alangawa
Class 6 awa angawa, awawa, awangawa
Class 7 sawa sangawa, asawa, asangawa
Class 8 zawa zangawa, azawa, azangawa
Class 9 yawa yangawa, ayawa, ayangawa
Class 10 zawa zangawa, azawa, azangawa
Class 11 lwawa lwangawa, alwawa, alwangawa
Class 14 bawa bangawa, abawa, abangawa
Class 15 kwawa kwangawa, akwawa, akwangawa
Class 17 kwawa kwangawa, akwawa, akwangawa

Derived terms

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References

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