oga

See also: Appendix:Variations of "oga"

English

Etymology

From Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief, master”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈəʊ.ɡə/
• (General American) enPR: ōʹgə, IPA^(key): /ˈoʊ.ɡə/
• Rhymes: -əʊɡə
• Homophone: ogre (non-rhotic)

Noun

oga (plural ogas)

1. (West Africa) A chief, employer, or superior.
   • 2013, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, chapter 50, in Americanah:

     Nigeria is not a nation of sandwich-eating people and his last oga did not eat bread in the afternoon.

Anagrams

• GAO, G.O.A., AGO, G. O. A., ago, AOG, OAG, Gao, goa, Goa, GOA

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse auga.

Noun

oga n

1. eye

Estonian

Koer-kibuvitsa (Rosa canina) ogad

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *oka, possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic. Cognates include Finnish oas, oka (dialectal), Votic õgaz, Ingrian oas, Livvi ovas, Ludian ogas and Veps ogah.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈoɡ̊ɑ/, [ˈoɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -oɡɑ
• Hyphenation: o‧ga

Noun

oga (genitive oga, partitive oga)

1. (botany) thorn, prickle

   Synonym: okas

2. (zootomy) spine (a strong and sharp thorn-like covering, bone or similar formation)
3. spike, barb

   Riided jäid okastraadi ogadesse kinni. ― Clothes got caught in the spikes of the barbed wire.

Declension

Declension of oga (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		oga	ogad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	oga
genitive			ogade
partitive		oga	ogasid
illative		okka ogasse	ogadesse
inessive		ogas	ogades
elative		ogast	ogadest
allative		ogale	ogadele
adessive		ogal	ogadel
ablative		ogalt	ogadelt
translative		ogaks	ogadeks
terminative		ogani	ogadeni
essive		ogana	ogadena
abessive		ogata	ogadeta
comitative		ogaga	ogadega

Synonyms

• (thorn, prickle): okas

Derived terms

• ohakas

 

Compounds

• ogaannoona
• ogahai
• ogajätke
• ogamelon
• ogaputk
• ogarai
• ogasiilik
• ogaujur
• ogaõun

 

Related terms

• okas

References

• oga in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “oga”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Gun

Pronunciation

• Audio (Nigeria):

  (file)

Noun

ogá (plural ogá lẹ) (Nigeria)

1. bow (weapon)

Related terms

• ogaba

Hausa

Etymology

From Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔò.ɡáː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ʔò.ɡáː]

Noun

ògā m (possessed form ògan)

1. boss, someone in charge

Latvian

Ogas

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *wog-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian úoga, Old Church Slavonic агода (agoda), and possibly Tocharian B oko.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [uôɡa]

Noun

oga f (4th declension)

1. berry (small fruits of various species)

   ogu sula ― berry juice

   ogu krūms ― berry bush

   ogu ķekars ― berry bunch

   iet ogās, iet lasīt ogas ― to go pick berries

   ogu laiks ― berry time (season)

Declension

Declension of oga (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	oga	ogas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	ogu	ogas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	ogas	ogu
dative (datīvs)	ogai	ogām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	ogu	ogām
locative (lokatīvs)	ogā	ogās
vocative (vokatīvs)	oga	ogas

Derived terms

• ērkšķoga

Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

From Yoruba ọ̀gá.

Noun

oga

1. boss, master, senior
   • 2020, Holy Bible Nigerian Pidgin English‎^[2], Nigeria: Wycliffe Bible Translators, Inc., Rut [Ruth] 2:13:

     Rut kon sey, “My oga, yu really dey good to mi, bikos yu don trit mi like yor savant, even doh I nor bi yor savant!”

     Ruth then said, "My boss, you are really good to me because you treat me like your servant, even though I am not your servant!"

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *augā.

Noun

ōga n

1. eye

Alternative forms

• ouga

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: ôge
  • Dutch: oog
  • Limburgish: oug

Further reading

• “ōga”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ōgan, from Proto-Germanic *ōganą (“to be afraid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈoː.ɡɑ/, [ˈoː.ɣɑ]

Noun

ōga m

1. horror or terror

Declension

Declension of ōga (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ōga	ōgan
accusative	ōgan	ōgan
genitive	ōgan	ōgena
dative	ōgan	ōgum

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *augā.

Compare Old English ēage, Old Frisian āge, Old Dutch ōga, Old High German ouga, Old Norse auga, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō).

Noun

ōga n

1. eye

Descendants

• Middle Low German: ôge
  • Low German:
    • German Low German:

      Hamburgisch: Oog

      Westphalian:

      (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Äuge

      Lippisch: Auge, Äoge

      Ravensbergisch: äuge (scientific), Auge

      Sauerländisch: Äoge, Auge, Eyege, Ouge, Oue

      Westmünsterländisch: Ooge, Oog

  • Plautdietsch: Uag

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

Verb

-óga (infinitive (Rwanda) kôga or (Rundi) kwôga, perfective -óze)

1. bathe, immerse

Derived terms

• -oza (“wash, clean”)

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-oga (infinitive kuoga)

1. to wash oneself, to bathe

Usage notes

In some dialects, this verb may conjugate like a monosyllabic verb; see Appendix:Swahili verbs for those conjugated forms.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -oga
Positive present -naoga Subjunctive -oge Negative -ogi Imperative singular oga
Infinitives
Positive kuoga Negative kutooga
Imperatives
Singular oga Plural ogeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huoga Positive past positive subject concord + -lioga Negative past negative subject concord + -kuoga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naoga) Singular Plural 1st person ninaoga/naoga tunaoga 2nd person unaoga mnaoga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaoga wanaoga other classes positive subject concord + -naoga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -ogi) Singular Plural 1st person siogi hatuogi 2nd person huogi hamwogi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haogi hawaogi other classes negative subject concord + -ogi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taoga Negative future negative subject concord + -taoga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -oge) Singular Plural 1st person nioge tuoge 2nd person uoge mwoge 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aoge waoge other classes positive subject concord + -oge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sioge Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeoga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeoga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalioga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalioga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aoga) Singular Plural 1st person naoga twaoga 2nd person waoga mwaoga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aoga waoga m-mi(III/IV) waoga yaoga ji-ma(V/VI) laoga yaoga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaoga vyaoga n(IX/X) yaoga zaoga u(XI) waoga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaoga pa(XVI) paoga mu(XVIII) mwaoga
Perfect positive subject concord + -meoga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaoga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaoga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kioga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipooga Consecutive kaoga / positive subject concord + -kaoga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaoge
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nioga -tuoga 2nd person -kuoga -waoga/-kuogeni/-waogeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwoga -waoga m-mi(III/IV) -uoga -ioga ji-ma(V/VI) -lioga -yaoga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kioga -vioga n(IX/X) -ioga -zioga u(XI) -uoga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuoga pa(XVI) -paoga mu(XVIII) -muoga Reflexive -jioga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -oga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -ogaye -ogao m-mi(III/IV) -ogao -ogayo ji-ma(V/VI) -ogalo -ogayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -ogacho -ogavyo n(IX/X) -ogayo -ogazo u(XI) -ogao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -ogako pa(XVI) -ogapo mu(XVIII) -ogamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -oga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeoga -ooga m-mi(III/IV) -ooga -yooga ji-ma(V/VI) -looga -yooga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chooga -vyooga n(IX/X) -yooga -zooga u(XI) -ooga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kooga pa(XVI) -pooga mu(XVIII) -mooga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -ogesha (“to bathe”)