[go: up one dir, main page]
Wiktionary

ci

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ci"
Languages (34)
English
Aka (Central Africa) • Balinese • Bambara • Corsican • Dalmatian • Dhimal • Esperanto • French • Hausa • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Italian • Kangjia • Kanuri • Latgalian • Latin • Malay • Mandarin • Noone • Nupe • Old French • Old Irish • Polish • Romanian • Sicilian • Tarantino • Tedim Chin • Venetan • Walloon • Welsh • White Hmong • Zhuang
Page categories

English

edit
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Mandarin 詞／词 (cí).

Noun

edit

ci (uncountable)

  1. One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms

Anagrams

edit

Aka (Central Africa)

edit

Noun

edit

ci

  1. water

Further reading

edit
  • Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
  • [1] (ɕi)

Balinese

edit

Romanization

edit

ci

  1. Romanization of ᬘᬶ

Bambara

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Noun

edit

cí

  1. thatch, especially of the species Diheteropogon grandiflorus

Etymology 2

edit

Noun

edit

cí

  1. commission, errand
  2. message, order
  3. mission, task, assignment
    ò cí bɛ́ í kàn
    it is your duty
  4. work, labor (especially agricultural)
    cí kɛ́
    to work in the fields
  5. usefulness, utility
    cí tɛ́ nìn ná
    that's useless

Verb

edit

cí

  1. to send, charge with a mission
    sɛ́bɛn cí mɔ̀gɔ mà
    to send a letter to someone

Etymology 3

edit

Verb

edit

cì

  1. to hit
    fíyɛn bɛ́ cì
    the wind is blowing
    fàli cì
    to hit an donkey
  2. to break
    à y'á kùn cì
    He knocked him unconscious
  3. to destroy
  4. to split, divide, cut
    dɔ́gɔ cì
    to split wood
  5. to burst, explode with a loud noise
    màrifa cì
    to fire off a round (with a gun)
  6. to trace, tattoo
    bála cì
    to plot an area of a field to be hoed
    tùgu cì
    to vaccinate in the arm

Noun

edit

cì

  1. line, stroke
  2. tattoo

Corsican

edit

Etymology

edit

Ultimately from either Latin hīc (“here”) or hinc (“from here”). Akin to Italian ci; see there for more. Compare Sicilian cci.

Adverb

edit

ci

  1. there

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. us (both direct and indirect object)

See also

edit
Corsican personal pronouns
Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
3rd person f ella a, l' ella
Plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
3rd person f elle e, l' elle

References

edit

Dalmatian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin quem. Compare Portuguese quem, Romanian cine, Spanish quien, Romansch che, Sardinian chíne.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. who

Dhimal

edit

Noun

edit

ci

  1. water

Further reading

edit
  • John T. King, A Grammar of Dhimal

Esperanto

edit

Etymology

edit

From Italian or French tu, Russian ты (ty), etc., plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): [t͡si]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ci

Pronoun

edit

ci (accusative cin, possessive cia)

  1. (rare) thou, you (second-person informal singular pronoun)
    • 1905, Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof, Fundamento de Esperanto:
      Mi legas. — Ci skribas (anstataŭ “ci” oni uzas ordinare “vi”).
      I read. — Thou writest (instead of “ci” one ordinarily uses “vi”.)
    • 1899, Felikso Zamenhof, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.
      Her acquaintance fell in love / and reciprocally she; / after the passage of a month / "You" changed into "thee".
    • 1907, Henri Vallienne, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 6:
      Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiam ci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.
      Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, when thou shalt have awakened the whole population.

Usage notes

edit

Some people believe that this word was used in the past and then became archaic, but this is not true. Actually, this word has never been in common usage; Zamenhof advised against using 'ci' as early as the Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, published in 1888. Many Esperantists don't even understand it. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.

  • Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren, Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden, La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar, Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.

French

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Late Latin ecce hīc.

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ci

  1. (in compounds, else archaic) Alternative form of ici (“here”)
  2. (after a noun) see -ci

Derived terms

edit

References

edit

Hausa

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Chadic, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *taʔ- (“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). Compare Akkadian 𒋫𒀪𒌑 (ta-ʔu-u2 /⁠ta'u⁠/, “to eat”), Mehri tewō (“eat”), Arabic تَأْتَأَ (taʔtaʔa, “to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber forms Tamahaq ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Tarifit ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵛ (tc), and Kabyle teṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variant تَعْتَعَ (taʕtaʕa), and in that sense possible further connections to طَعِمَ (ṭaʕima, “to taste”) and عَضَّ (ʕaḍḍa, “to bite”)).

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃí/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [t͡ʃɪ́]

Verb

edit

ci (grade Ø)

  1. to eat, to eat soft things

Ido

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

ci

  1. Alternative form of ici (“these”)

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. Alternative form of ici (“these”)

Indonesian

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃi]
  • Hyphenation: ci

Etymology 1

edit

From Xiamen Hokkien 錢／钱 (chîⁿ, “mace”).

Noun

edit

ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)

  1. (obsolete) weight unit: 1/10 tahil (for opium).

Etymology 2

edit

From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

Noun

edit

ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass), specifically, those located in Banten, West Java, and far-western Central Java
Synonyms
edit

Etymology 3

edit

Noun

edit

ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)

  1. alternative form of encik.
  2. alternative form of taci (“elder sister”).

Further reading

edit

Interlingua

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

ci

  1. here (at this place)

Italian

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): (most common outside of Tuscany) /ˈt͡ʃi/*
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Hyphenation: cì

Noun

edit

ci f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.; cee
See also
edit

Further reading

edit
  • ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

edit

Uncertain. Rohlfs[1] and Von Wartburg[2] favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden[3] casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.)[4] Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani,[5] on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃi/, (Sicily, Calabria) */t͡ʃi/
  • Hyphenation: ci

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. us
    Loro ci conoscono ― They know us
  2. (reflexive pronoun) ourselves; each other
    Ci arrabbiamo ― We (ourselves) get angry
    Ci amiamo ― We love each other
  3. to us
    Lui ci ha detto questo ― He said this to us
  4. replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one
    Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
    Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.
    One gets bored when there is nothing to do.
  5. it, to it
    Non ci credo. ― I do not believe it.
Usage notes
edit
  • Becomes ce when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
edit
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Combined Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Adverb

edit

ci

  1. to there, here, there
    Synonym: vi (formal)
    Ci sono andato ― I have been there
    Ci siamo ― We're here
    Ci sono molte cose ― There are many things
    C'è un problema ― There is a problem
  2. forms part of many verbs:
    volerci ― to require/take
    abituarci ― to get used to it
    riuscirci ― to be able to do it
    entrarci ― to do with something
    contarci ― to count on it
    pensarci ― to think about it
    starci ― to agree / to be up for something
    farcela ― to manage to do something
    crederci ― to believe it
See also
edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1969. Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti, vol. 3: Sintassi e formazione delle parole. Torino: Einaudi. §899.
  2. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “hīc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 425
  3. ^ Maiden, Martin. 1995. A linguistic history of Italian. London: Longman. §9.1.1.
  4. ^ ci in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
  5. ^ ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Noun

edit

ci m (uncountable)

  1. the Twi language family

Further reading

edit
  • ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
  • ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
  • ci3 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Kangjia

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Mongolic *či; compare Mongolian чи (či), Dongxiang chi.

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. you

Kanuri

edit

Noun

edit

ci

  1. mouth

Latgalian

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Belarusian ці (ci).

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): [ˈt͡sʲi]
  • Hyphenation: ci

Particle

edit

ci

  1. Used to form polar questions.

Synonyms

edit

References

edit
  • A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 13

Latin

edit

Verb

edit

cī

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of ciō

Malay

edit
 
ci

Etymology

edit

From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci, informal 1st possessive ciku, 2nd possessive cimu, 3rd possessive cinya)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass)

Synonyms

edit

Further reading

edit

Mandarin

edit

Romanization

edit

ci

  1. Nonstandard spelling of cī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of cí.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of cǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of cì.

Usage notes

edit
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Noone

edit

Verb

edit

ci

  1. strike

Synonyms

edit

References

edit

Nupe

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

ci

  1. Used to order actions temporally: then; and
    Musa à bá nakàn yínna, Gàná ci à gí eci yínna ― Musa will cut meat today, and Gana will eat yam today

Usage notes

edit
  • ci is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which tò is used. Additionally, when ci is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

See also

edit

Old French

edit

Etymology

edit

From Late Latin ecce hīc.

Adverb

edit

ci

  1. here (in this place)

Descendants

edit
  • French: ici, ci

Old Irish

edit

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. Alternative form of cía

Conjunction

edit

ci

  1. Alternative form of cía

Polish

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕi/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ci

Etymology 1

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology 2

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ti.

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. short dative singular of ty.

Etymology 3

edit

Pronoun

edit

ci m

  1. virile nominative plural of ten

Romanian

edit

Etymology

edit

From ce.

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

ci

  1. (adversative) but; so that; on the contrary, opposite
    Nici eu, ci el. ― Not I, but he.

See also

edit

Sicilian

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Akin to Italian ci; see there for more.

Adverb

edit

ci

  1. here, there

Etymology 2

edit

Pronoun

edit

ci

  1. dative of iddu (“he”); to him
  2. dative of idda (“she”); to her
  3. dative of iddi (“they”); to them
Usage notes
edit
  • Unlike in Italian, the Sicilian pronoun ci is not used for the first-person plural ('us'). The Sicilian equivalent is ni.
Inflection
edit
3rd person m f pl
nominative iddu idda iddi
prepositional iddu idda iddi
accusative lu la li
dative ci ci ci
reflexive si si si

Tarantino

edit

Etymology

edit

Palatalization of an earlier *chi (/ki/), from the same continuum of Sicilian cui~cu'. Cognate with Italian chi.

Pronoun

edit

ci (relative)

  1. who

Tedim Chin

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsji.

Noun

edit

ci

  1. salt

References

edit
  • Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Venetan

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin quis (compare Italian chi).

Pronoun

edit

ci (interrogative)

  1. who?

Usage notes

edit
  • Redoubled for reinforcement.
    Ci èlo ci?
    Who on earth is he?

Walloon

edit

Etymology

edit

From Old French cist, from Latin ecce istum (< iste).

Pronunciation

edit

Determiner

edit

ci (after an open syllabe : ç', feminine : cisse, masculine form before vowel : cist, feminine form before vowel : ciste, plural : ces)

  1. this
    Ci rotch
    This rock
    C' est ç' rotch-ci
    It's this rock
    Cist ome
    This man
    Cisse gayole
    This box
    Ciste afwaire
    This affair
    Ces måjhons
    These houses

Pronoun

edit

ci (before a vowel : c', alternative form : çou)

  1. it, this
    Ci m' fwait må
    It hurts me
    C' est on ome
    It a man

Welsh

edit
 
ci

Etymology

edit

From Middle Welsh ci, from Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

ci m (plural cŵn)

  1. dog

Coordinate terms

edit
  • gast (“bitch (all senses)”)

Derived terms

edit

Mutation

edit
Mutated forms of ci
radical soft nasal aspirate
ci gi nghi chi

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

White Hmong

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

ci

  1. to cook, to roast, to toast
  2. to glow, to shine

Zhuang

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).

Noun

edit

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. vehicle

Classifier

edit

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. carload of; cartload of; truckload of

Verb

edit

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. to sew with a sewing machine
  2. to machine on a lathe

Etymology 2

edit

From Chinese 吹 (MC tsyhwe).

Verb

edit

ci (Sawndip form 𫩝, 1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. (intransitive, of wind) to blow
    Synonyms: (dialectal) baed, (dialectal) daet, (dialectal) boq, (dialectal) coi
  2. (transitive) to blow
    Synonym: (dialectal) baed
  3. (transitive) to play (a wind instrument)
  4. (transitive) to pump (a bellows)
    Synonyms: (dialectal) daz, (dialectal) boz

Etymology 3

edit

From Chinese 催 (MC tshwoj).

Verb

edit

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. to urge
    Synonyms: (dialectal) cui, (dialectal) dok

Etymology 4

edit

From Chinese 支 (MC tsye).

Classifier

edit

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. Used for stick-like objects.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ci&oldid=82742810"