autism
English
Etymology
From German Autismus, coined by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, first usage dated to 1907 attributed by Carl Jung as an alternative of his for "auto-erotism",[1] although Bleuler himself differentiates the terms in his book Dementia Praecox, first published 1911.[2] From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + -ισμός (-ismós, “-ism”).[3]
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ôʹtĭzəm, IPA(key): /ˈɔːtɪzəm/
- (cot–caught merger) IPA(key): /ˈɑtɪzəm/ (note that the /t/ is never flapped)
Audio (US): (file) Audio (UK): (file) - Hyphenation: aut‧ism
Noun
autism (usually uncountable, plural autisms)
- (clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication, language development, eye contact, and sensory experiences.
- 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist[2], volume 407, number 8842, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-27, pages 72–3:
- Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.
- (broadly) Synonym of autism spectrum; a range of disorders.
- (clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.
- (Internet slang, offensive, derogatory or self-deprecatory) Abnormal and unhealthy focus or persistence, stereotypically coupled with low self-awareness and unhealthy hatred of opposition or criticism.
- weaponized autism
Synonyms
- (autism spectrum): autistic spectrum
Hypernyms
(the specific, instead of the generalized range):
- autism (the generalized range, instead of the specific)
- autism spectrum
- autistic spectrum
- autism spectrum disorder
- autistic spectrum disorder
- neurodivergence
- neurodiversity
Hyponyms
(autism spectrum):
- Asperger syndrome / Asperger's syndrome / Asperger's / Asperger
- autism (the specific, instead of the generalized form)
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Translations
neurological disorder
|
See also
- pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), PDD-NOS
- disability, handicap
- mutism, selective mutism
- special education
- schizothymia
- schizoid personality disorder
- schizotypal personality disorder
References
- ^ Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung (1974) Ralph Manheim, R.F.C. Hull, transl., William McGuire, editor, The Freud/Jung Letters, 1st edition, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, 24j, pages 44-5:
- Bleuler still misses a clear definition of autoerotism and its specifically psychological effects. He has, however, accepted the concept for his Dem. pr. contribution to Aschaffenburg’s Handbook. He doesn't want to say autoerotism (for reasons we all know), but prefers “autism” or “ipsism.” I have already got accustomed to “autoerotism.”
- ^ Paul Eugen Bleuler (1911) chapter 1, in Gustav Aschaffenburg, editor, Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien[1], Leipzig and Vienna: Franz Deuticke, archived from the original on 3 January 2022, B.α, page 52
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “autism”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
autism (genitive autismi, partitive autismi)
- autism
- Synonyms: autismispektri häired, ASH
Declension
| Declension of autism (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | autism | autismid | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | autismi | ||
| genitive | autismide | ||
| partitive | autismi | autisme autismisid | |
| illative | autismi autismisse |
autismidesse autismesse | |
| inessive | autismis | autismides autismes | |
| elative | autismist | autismidest autismest | |
| allative | autismile | autismidele autismele | |
| adessive | autismil | autismidel autismel | |
| ablative | autismilt | autismidelt autismelt | |
| translative | autismiks | autismideks autismeks | |
| terminative | autismini | autismideni | |
| essive | autismina | autismidena | |
| abessive | autismita | autismideta | |
| comitative | autismiga | autismidega | |
References
- “autism”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “autism”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “autism”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- autism in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Romanian
Etymology
Noun
autism n (uncountable)
Declension
declension of autism (singular only)
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
| nominative/accusative | (un) autism | autismul |
| genitive/dative | (unui) autism | autismului |
| vocative | autismule | |
Swedish
Noun
autism c
Declension
Declension of autism
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | autism | autisms |
| definite | autismen | autismens | |
| plural | indefinite | — | — |
| definite | — | — | |
Related terms
References
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Clinical psychology
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English internet slang
- English offensive terms
- English derogatory terms
- English self-deprecatory terms
- English terms with collocations
- English terms suffixed with -ism
- en:Autism
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Estonian/ism
- Rhymes:Estonian/ism/2 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian riik-type nominals
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns