Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Heh₃l-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*Heh₃l-

1. to bow, to bend; elbow

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Heh₃l- (17 c, 0 e)

• *Heh₃l-én-eh₂
  • >? Proto-Albanian: *alanā, *ulnā
    • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *bōrei ulnā
      • Albanian: bërryl
    • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *ulnā bōra
      • Albanian: ylber
    • Albanian: llanë, llërë
  • Proto-Celtic: *olīnā (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *alinō, *alīnō (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ōlenā
    • Ancient Greek: ὠλένη (ōlénē), ὠλήν (ōlḗn), ὠλλόν (ōllón)
      • Greek: ωλένη (oléni)
  • Proto-Italic: *olenā
    • Latin: ulna (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: ողն (ołn)
      • Armenian: ող (oġ)
    • Old Armenian: ուլն (uln)
      • Armenian: ուլ (ul)
    • Old Armenian: ուղուկ (ułuk)
    • Old Armenian: ամոլ (amol) (possibly)
      • Armenian: ամոլ (amol), ամոլ (amol) — Mush, Salmas, Van, յ̵ամոլ (hªamol) — Alashkert, համօլ (hamōl) — Erzurum, ամուլ (amul) — Moks, Vozm, ա՛մբօլ (ámbōl) — Ganja, Ararat, ա՛մբուլ (ámbul) — Karabakh
        • → Turkish: hamol
    • Old Armenian: իլ (il) (possibly)
      • Armenian: իլ (il)
      • → Chagatai: یلنك (ileng)
    • Old Armenian: ալի (ali) (possibly)
    • Old Armenian: աղեղն (ałełn) (possibly)
      • Armenian: աղեղ (aġeġ)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *alk-, *elk-
    • Latvian: olekts, elkonis
    • Lithuanian: úolektis, alkū́nė, elkū́nė
    • Old Prussian: arašnīs, woaltis, woltis, alkunis
    • Proto-Slavic: *olkъ
      • Proto-Slavic: *olkъtь (“elbow”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *olēnā
    • Proto-Brythonic:
      • Welsh: olwyn (“wheel”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haratníš (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *āläi
    • Tocharian A: āle
    • Tocharian B: alyiye

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “⁸el-, elē̆i-, lē̆i-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 307 of 307, 308
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὠλένη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1678–1679