徙

徙 U+5F99, 徙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F99 ← 徘 [U+5F98] CJK Unified Ideographs 徚 → [U+5F9A]

Translingual

Han character

徙 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人卜中人 (HOYLO), four-corner 2128₁, composition ⿰彳歨)

Derived characters

• 嘥 𢟎 𢳜 漇 𣘊 褷 縰 蹝 屣 㿅 蓰 簁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 368, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10142
• Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 827, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5F99

Chinese

simp. and trad.		徙
alternative forms		𨑭 𰺵 𨗬 𡲴 𢓊 𨑭 𰺵 𨗬 𡲴 𢓊 𢒲 𨖤 𨔀 𡕝 𨕄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 徙
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (徙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
簁	*sreːl, *srel, *srelʔ
徙	*selʔ
褷	*srel
屣	*srelʔ, *srels
縰	*srelʔ
蓰	*srelʔ

The erroneous variant form 𢓊 (left) and ancient form 𡲴 (right) in small seal script, as depicted within the Shuowen Jiezi.

During the Zhou dynasty, 徙 was represented with the phonetic borrowing 屎 (OC *hliʔ, *hri, “excrement”), with the components 辵 and 止 later being added to differentiate the character used to represent "migration". During the Warring States period, the earlier forms of 屎 consisting of 小 or 少 components (as seen in and ) had these portions transform into 米, however 徙 continued to retain the 少 form. The Chu script form of 屎 corrupted into a form with the 尸 ("body") component becoming 尾 ("tail"), while the Qin script form of 徙 omitted the 尸 component of 屎 and left only 少 remaining. Li Shoukui (2015) however argues that the Chu script ⿸尾少 may not actually be cognate to ⿸尸少 (and ergo 屎). The clerical script form inherited the Qin script form, however had the 少 component mutate into another 止, which coincidentally resulted in the clerical form matching the same character structure as 歨 (the Shang dynasty form of 步) with an additional 彳 component.

Shuowen Jiezi erroneously takes this mutated clerical script form of 徙 with two 止 components, and claims that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). It also omits one of the 止 components to create an alternative form 𢓊, however no such character exists in ancient writing (although coincidentally it has a similar shape to the Shang and Zhou 延). Hu Houxuan (1981) states that the "ancient script" form of 徙 in Shuowen, 𡲴, comes from a corruption of the variant form featuring 尾 in place of 尸, but with the tail portion misrepresented as 火. For this reason, the "ancient script" forms of 徙 provided in Shuowen are extremely corrupted.

Li Jiahao (2010) notes that the ancient form of 屎, namely ⿸尸少, may potentially suggest that 徙 is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + abbreviated phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xǐ (xi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saai²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sái

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sai³

• Eastern Min (BUC): sā̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sóa / sú / sí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sua²

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵shi / ³si / ¹si / ³shi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
    • Wade–Giles: hsi³
    • Yale: syǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saai²
    • Yale: sáai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sai²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːi̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sái
    • Hakka Romanization System: sai^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sai³
    • Sinological IPA: /sai̯³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sai³
    • Sinological IPA: /saɪ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sā̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóa
    • Tâi-lô: suá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soar
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sua⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sua⁵³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /sua⁴²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
    • Tâi-lô: sú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
    • Tâi-lô: sí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³/

Note:

• sú/sí - literary;
• sóa - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sua²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suá
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sua⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵shi
    • MiniDict: shi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³si
    • MiniDict: si^上
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /si⁵¹/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹si
    • MiniDict: si^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /si⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /si⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ³shi
    • MiniDict: shi^上
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕi⁵³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 徙
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕi²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ɕi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕi¹³/
	Jinan	/ɕi²¹³/
	Qingdao	/si⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/si⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ɕi²¹/
	Xining	/ɕji⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ɕi⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕi⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ɕi⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁴²/
	Kunming	/ɕi⁵³/
	Nanjing	/si²¹²/
	Hefei	/sz̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕi⁵³/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/ɕi⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/si⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕi⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/sz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/si³⁵/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/si⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/si⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/sai³¹/
	Taoyuan	/sɑi³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sai³⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬɐi³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/sai³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/su⁵³/ /sua⁵³/ ～動
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɛ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/si²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sua⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tua²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjeX

Rime
Character	徙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	斯氏切
Baxter	sjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siə̆X/
Li Rong	/sieX/
Wang Li	/sǐeX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ajʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*selʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	徙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ sjeX ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ajʔ/
English	move (to)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	徙
Reading #	1/1
No.	13400
Phonetic component	徙
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	徙
Old Chinese	/*selʔ/

Definitions

徙

1. to move one's abode; to shift; to migrate; to relocate
2. to substitute; to transplant; to swap
3. (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew) to move (an object)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 移 (“to move (an object)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		移, 挪, 移動, 挪動
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	移, 挪
	Singapore	移
Cantonese	Guangzhou	移, 喐, 褪
	Hong Kong	移, 喐, 褪
	Taishan	移
	Singapore (Guangfu)	移
Hakka	Meixian	徙, 移
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	徙
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	徙
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	徙
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	徙
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	徙
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	徙
Southern Min	Xiamen	徙
	Quanzhou	徙
	Zhangzhou	徙
	Tainan	徙
	Penang (Hokkien)	徙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	徙
	Manila (Hokkien)	徙
	Jieyang	徙
	Singapore (Teochew)	徙

Compounds

• 季節遷徙／季节迁徙
• 徙倚
• 徙宅忘妻
• 徙居 (xǐjū)
• 徙木之信
• 徙木立信
• 徙癰／徙痈
• 徙貫／徙贯
• 徙邊／徙边
• 曲突徙薪 (qūtūxǐxīn)
• 未焚徙薪
• 東徙西遷／东徙西迁
• 枉突徙薪
• 東遷西徙／东迁西徙
• 流徙 (liúxǐ)
• 移天徙日
• 移徙 (yíxǐ)
• 轉徙／转徙 (zhuǎnxǐ)
• 退徙三舍
• 遷徙／迁徙 (qiānxǐ)
• 遷徙自由／迁徙自由

 

References

• “徙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01292

Japanese

Kanji

徙

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: うつす (utsusu, 徙す)、うつる (utsuru, 徙る)

Korean

Hanja

徙 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

徙: Hán Nôm readings: si, tỉ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation