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Translingual
editHan character
edit塗 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水木土 (EDG), four-corner 38104, composition ⿱涂土)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5338
- Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 474, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5857
Chinese
edit| trad. | 塗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 涂* | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
edit| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *l'aː) : phonetic 涂 (OC *l'aː, *l'a) + semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”).
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thù
- Eastern Min (BUC): dù / tù
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tou2 / dou2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6du
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tú
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2
- Yale: tú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tou4
- Yale: tòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou4
- Guangdong Romanization: tou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thù
- Hakka Romanization System: tuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tu2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dù / tù
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵³/, /tʰu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- dù - verb;
- tù - noun.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: tou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔu¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔu¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- tou2 - vernacular;
- dou2 - literary.
Note:
- thô͘ - vernacular (noun);
- tô͘ - literary (verb).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tou5 / tu5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thôu / thû
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou⁵⁵/, /tʰu⁵⁵/
Note:
- tou5 - vernacular (“mud, shoal, earth, ground”);
- tu5 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: du, drae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rlaː/, /*l'aː/
Definitions
edit塗
- mud; shoal
- to daub; to smear; to apply; to paint; to plaster
- to cross out; to blot out
- to scribble; to scrawl over
- Alternative form of 途 (tú, “road”)
- (Southern Min) earth; ground
- Alternative form: 土
- (alt. form 嵞, 峹) Used in 塗山／涂山 (Túshān).
- a surname
Usage notes
editThe surname 塗／涂 (Tú) is different from the surnames 涂 (Tú) and 凃 (Tú).
Synonyms
edit- (mud):
- (earth):
Compounds
edit- 一塌糊塗／一塌糊涂
- 一敗塗地／一败涂地 (yībàitúdì)
- 一時糊塗／一时糊涂
- 三塗／三涂
- 中塗／中涂
- 信筆塗鴉／信笔涂鸦
- 半塗而罷／半涂而罢
- 困處泥塗／困处泥涂
- 坦塗／坦涂
- 塗乙／涂乙
- 塗刷／涂刷
- 塗地／涂地
- 塗寫／涂写 (túxiě)
- 塗層／涂层 (túcéng)
- 塗山／涂山 (Túshān)
- 塗抹／涂抹 (túmǒ)
- 塗抹詩書／涂抹诗书
- 塗改／涂改 (túgǎi)
- 塗料／涂料 (túliào)
- 塗潦／涂潦
- 塗澤／涂泽
- 塗炭／涂炭 (tútàn)
- 塗炭生民／涂炭生民
- 塗炭生靈／涂炭生灵 (tútànshēnglíng)
- 塗粉／涂粉 (thô͘-hún) (Min Nan)
- 塗脂抹粉／涂脂抹粉
- 塗色／涂色 (túsè)
- 塗說／涂说
- 塗跤／涂跤 (thô͘-kha) (Min Nan)
- 塗金／涂金
- 塗附／涂附
- 塗飾／涂饰
- 塗鴉／涂鸦 (túyā)
- 塵飯塗羹／尘饭涂羹
- 孤塗／孤涂 (gūtú)
- 彈塗魚／弹涂鱼 (tántúyú)
- 彗氾畫塗／彗氾画涂
- 戒塗／戒涂 (jiètú)
- 披髮塗面／披发涂面
- 擿埴索塗／擿埴索涂
- 星點彈塗／星点弹涂
- 曳尾塗中／曳尾涂中
- 曳尾泥塗／曳尾泥涂
- 東塗西抹／东涂西抹
- 殊塗一致／殊涂一致
- 殊塗同會／殊涂同会
- 殊塗同歸／殊涂同归
- 殊塗同致／殊涂同致
- 民墜塗炭／民坠涂炭
- 民怨盈塗／民怨盈涂
- 民生塗炭／民生涂炭
- 泥塗／泥涂
- 海塗／海涂 (hǎitú)
- 湳塗／湳涂
- 烏塗／乌涂
- 烏塗水／乌涂水
- 生民塗炭／生民涂炭
- 生靈塗地／生灵涂地
- 生靈塗炭／生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn)
- 當塗／当涂 (Dāngtú)
- 糊塗／糊涂
- 糊塗帳／糊涂帐 (hútuzhàng)
- 糊塗蛋／糊涂蛋
- 糊塗蟲／糊涂虫
- 糊裡糊塗／糊里糊涂
- 糊里糊塗
- 老糊塗／老糊涂 (lǎohútú)
- 聰明一世，糊塗一時／聪明一世，糊涂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, hútú yīshí)
- 肝腦塗地／肝脑涂地 (gānnǎotúdì)
- 肝膽塗地／肝胆涂地
- 胡塗／胡涂
- 胡裡胡塗／胡里胡涂
- 脣如塗朱／唇如涂朱
- 脣若塗硃／唇若涂朱
- 脣若塗脂／唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
- 裝糊塗／装糊涂
- 豺狼當塗／豺狼当涂
- 道盡塗殫／道尽涂殚
- 道聽塗說／道听涂说 (dàotīngtúshuō)
- 隱形塗料／隐形涂料
- 雞屎落塗，也有三寸煙／鸡屎落涂，也有三寸烟 (ke sái lo̍h thô͘, iā ū saⁿ chhùn ian) (Min Nan)
- 難得糊塗／难得糊涂
- 霑體塗足／沾体涂足
Descendants
edit- → Thai: ทา (taa, “to smear; to paint”)
Japanese
editKanji
edit塗
Readings
editCompounds
editNoun
edit- Alternative spelling of 塗り
Korean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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