傲

傲 U+50B2, 傲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B2 ← 傱 [U+50B1] CJK Unified Ideographs 傳 → [U+50B3]

Translingual

Han character

傲 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人土尸大 (OGSK) or 人手尸大 (OQSK), four-corner 2824₀, composition ⿰亻敖)

1. proud, haughty, overbearing

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1015
• Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 199, character 6
• Unihan data for U+50B2

Chinese

trad.		傲
simp. #		傲
alternative forms		敖 奡 慠 㜜 驁／骜 敖 奡 慠 㜜 驁／骜 謷 㥿 嫯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 傲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s05711 Transcribed ancient scripts L23576 L23575
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (敖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
熬	*ŋaːw, *qaːw
敖	*ŋaːw
嗷	*ŋaːw
螯	*ŋaːw
聱	*ŋaːw, *ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw
驁	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
鰲	*ŋaːw
遨	*ŋaːw
獒	*ŋaːw
滶	*ŋaːw
蔜	*ŋaːw
鷔	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
鼇	*ŋaːw
謷	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws, *ŋraːw
嶅	*ŋaːw
嗸	*ŋaːw
摮	*ŋaːw
嫯	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
鏊	*ŋaːw, *ŋaːws
傲	*ŋaːws
磝	*ŋraːw

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːws) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ào (ao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): ngau⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngau

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngau⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ngō͘ / gō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ào
    • Zhuyin: ㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ào
    • Wade–Giles: ao⁴
    • Yale: àu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aw
    • Palladius: ао (ao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngou⁶
    • Yale: ngouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou̯²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ngau⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngau
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋau⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngō͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō
    • Tâi-lô: gō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡo²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngau
    • MiniDict: ngau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋɔ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngawH

Rime
Character	傲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五到切
Baxter	ngawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋawH/
Li Rong	/ŋɑuH/
Wang Li	/ŋɑuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngou6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːws/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傲
Reading #	1/1
No.	58
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	傲
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːws/

Definitions

傲

1. arrogant; proud; haughty; disdainful; supercilious

   驕傲／骄傲  ―  jiāo'ào  ―  arrogant; conceited; proud

   傲慢  ―  àomàn  ―  arrogant; haughty; supercilious

   • 人不可有傲氣，但不可無傲骨。 [MSC, trad.]
     人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: a saying of Xu Beihong

     Rén bùkě yǒu àoqì, dàn bùkě wú àogǔ. [Pinyin]

     One should not be arrogant, but should not lack pride in oneself.

2. ^† to despise; to look down on

   • 數加嚴令而不致其刑，則民傲罪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     数加严令而不致其刑，则民傲罪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3^rd century BCE

     Shù jiā yán lìng ér bù zhì qí xíng, zé mín ào zuì. [Pinyin]

     ...and if he issues one severe order after another, but does not apply the penalties, people will despise the death-penalty. (translation by J.J.L. Duyvendak)

3. ^† impetuous

   • 不問而告謂之傲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不问而告谓之傲。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Bù wèn ér gào wèi zhī ào. [Pinyin]

     Informing where no question has been posed is called "forwardness". (translation by John Knoblock)

4. ^† stubborn
5. ^† to bend (one's body)
6. a surname

Compounds

• 倨傲 (jù'ào)
• 傲人 (àorén)
• 傲嬌／傲娇 (àojiāo)
• 傲岸 (ào'àn)
• 傲岸不群 (ào'ànbùqún)
• 傲慢 (àomàn)
• 傲氣／傲气 (àoqì)
• 傲然 (àorán)
• 傲睨 (àonì)
• 傲視／傲视 (àoshì)
• 傲立
• 傲自
• 傲遊／傲游
• 傲骨 (àogǔ)
• 兀傲 (wù'ào)
• 冷傲
• 嘯傲／啸傲
• 執傲／执傲
• 孤傲 (gū'ào)
• 居功自傲 (jūgōngzì'ào)
• 引以為傲／引以为傲 (yǐnyǐwéi'ào)
• 心高氣傲／心高气傲 (xīngāoqì'ào)
• 恃才傲物
• 狂傲
• 秋菊傲霜
• 自傲 (zì'ào)
• 輕世傲物／轻世傲物
• 違傲／违傲
• 驕傲／骄傲 (jiāo'ào)
• 驕傲自大／骄傲自大
• 驕傲自滿／骄傲自满 (jiāo'ào zìmǎn)
• 高傲 (gāo'ào)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): áo (ao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄠˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: áo
    • Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: áo
    • Wade–Giles: ao²
    • Yale: áu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
    • Palladius: ао (ao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

Definitions

傲

1. ^† Alternative form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to stroll”)
2. ^† Alternative form of 熬 (“to endure; to get through”)

Japanese

Kanji

傲

(Jōyō kanji)

1. be proud

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)^{←がう (gau, historical)}
• Kun: あなどる (anadoru, 傲る)、おごり (ogori, 傲り)、おごる (ogoru, 傲る)

Compounds

• 傲(ごう)岸(がん) (gōgan)
• 傲(ごう)倨(きょ), 傲(ごう)踞(きょ) (gōkyo)
• 傲(ごう)睨(げい) (gōgei)
• 傲(ごう)語(ご) (gōgo)
• 傲(ごう)傲(ごう) (gōgō)
• 傲(ごう)骨(こつ) (gōkotsu)
• 傲(ごう)兀(こつ) (gōkotsu)
• 傲(ごう)嘯(しゅう) (gōshū)
• 傲(ごう)笑(しょう) (gōshō)
• 傲(ごう)世(せい) (gōsei)
• 傲(ごう)然(ぜん) (gōzen)
• 傲(ごう)霜(そう) (gōsō)
• 傲(ごう)愎(ふく) (gōfuku) (驁(ごう)愎(ふく))
• 傲(ごう)放(ほう) (gōhō) (驁(ごう)放(ほう))
• 傲(ごう)慢(まん) (gōman) (敖(ごう)慢(まん), 慠(ごう)慢(まん))
• 傲(ごう)遊(ゆう) (gōyū)
• 簡(かん)傲(ごう) (kangō)
• 寄(き)傲(ごう) (kigō)
• 驕(きょう)傲(ごう) (kyōgō) (驕(きょう)敖(ごう), 驕(きょう)慠(ごう))
• 倨(きょ)傲(ごう) (kyogō) (倨(きょ)敖(ごう))
• 踞(きょ)傲(ごう) (kyogō) (踞(きょ)敖(ごう))
• 亢(こう)傲(ごう) (kōgō)
• 兀(こつ)傲(ごう) (kotsugō)
• 侈(し)傲(ごう) (shigō)
• 嘯(しょう)傲(ごう) (shōgō)
• 笑(しょう)傲(ごう) (shōgō) (笑(しょう)敖(ごう))
• 怠(たい)傲(ごう) (taigō) (怠(たい)敖(ごう), 怠(たい)慠(ごう))
• 陵(りょう)傲(ごう), 凌(りょう)傲(ごう) (ryōgō)

 

Korean

Hanja

傲 (eum 오 (o))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

傲: Hán Nôm readings: ngạo, nghệu, ngáo, ngão

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.