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See also: [U+2010 HYPHEN], [U+2013 EN DASH], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], [U+2014 EM DASH], [U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK], [U+31D0 CJK STROKE H], [U+4E28 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28], [U+3127 BOPOMOFO LETTER I], [U+31AA BOPOMOFO LETTER INN], [U+3161 HANGUL LETTER EU], and [U+4EA0 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA0]

U+4E00, 一
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00
䷿
[U+4DFF]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E01]

𝍲 U+1D372, 𝍲
IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK ONE
𝍱
[U+1D371]
Counting Rod Numerals 𝍳
[U+1D373]
U+2F00, ⼀
KANGXI RADICAL ONE
[unassigned: U+2EF4–U+2EFF]

[U+2EF3]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F01]
U+3220, ㈠
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ONE
[unassigned: U+321F]

[U+321E]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3221]
U+3280, ㊀
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ONE

[U+327F]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3281]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual

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Stroke order (Sans-serif)
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms

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Han character

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Stroke order
 

(Kangxi radical 1, +0, 1 stroke, cangjie input (M), four-corner 10000)

  1. Kangxi radical #1, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №1

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 75, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
  • Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 1, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E00

Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/一畫#一|一部/一畫]]

Wikisource

Chinese

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Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Classical)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Tang Stone Classics Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Regular script Ming typeface
                                 



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事) : a horizontal stroke, indicating the number one.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms financial
ancient
𠤪
𭍶

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Subject to retrograde tone sandhi (see Wikipedia for details):
    • before fourth tone, pronounced with second tone;
    • before any other tone, pronounced with fourth tone;
    • when final (or at the end of a multi-syllable word), pronounced with the original tone (first tone);
    • when used in a series of numbers, as a part of a number, in dates, or in addresses, pronounced with the original tone (first tone).
  • When used between two reduplicated words, it may be pronounced with neutral tone.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /i⁵⁵/
Harbin /i⁴⁴/
Tianjin
Jinan /i²¹³/
Qingdao /i⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /i²⁴/
Xi'an /i²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /i¹³/
Lanzhou /i¹³/
Ürümqi /i²¹³/
Wuhan /i²¹³/
Chengdu /i²¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i⁴²/
Nanjing /iʔ⁵/
Hefei /ieʔ⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ieʔ²/
Pingyao
Hohhot /iəʔ³⁴/
Wu Shanghai /iɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /iɪʔ⁴/
Hangzhou /iɪʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /iai³²³/
/i³²³/
Hui Shexian /i³³/
Tunxi /iʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang Changsha /i²⁴/
Xiangtan /i²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /it̚⁵/
Hakka Meixian /it̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /iət̚⁵/
Hong Kong /iɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /it̚³²/
/tsit̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /eiʔ²³/
/suɔʔ⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /i²⁴/
/tsi⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /ik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese)

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'jit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔit̚/
Li
Rong
/ʔiĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/ĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jat1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔi[t]/
English one

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14833
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qliɡ/

Definitions

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  1. one
      ―  cháng duǎn  ―  one short and one long
      ―  shāng  ―  one dead, one injured
      ―  gāo   ―  one high and one low
      ―  tiān   ―  one day and one night
    [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 jat6 jat1 je6 [Jyutping]  ―  one day and one night
      ―  zuǒ yòu  ―  one left, one right
  2. each; every
    蘋果 [MSC, trad.]
    苹果 [MSC, simp.]
    Gěi tā men rén yī kē píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
    Give them an apple each.
  3. single; alone
    獨自独自  ―  dúzì rén  ―  a solitary person, one person
      ―  zhuān  ―  single-minded, monogamous
  4. whole; entire; all: throughout
    他們海灘下午 [MSC, trad.]
    他们海滩下午 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen zài hǎitān shàng wán le xiàwǔ. [Pinyin]
    They played the whole afternoon on the beach.
    垃圾 [Cantonese, trad.]
    垃圾 [Cantonese, simp.]
    laap6 saap3 jat1 dei6 dou1 hai6. [Jyutping]
    There's rubbish throughout the floor.
  5. same; identical
    大小  ―  dàxiǎo bù  ―  not having the same size
    大細大细 [Cantonese]  ―  daai6 sai3 bat1 jat1 [Jyutping]  ―  not having the same size
  6. (Classical) another; alternative
    蟋蟀促織 [MSC, trad.]
    蟋蟀促织 [MSC, simp.]
    Xīshuài, míng cùzhī. [Pinyin]
    Crickets, also called rushing weavers [lit. another name [being] rushing weavers].
  7. (formal) certain aforementioned
    旋律 [MSC, trad.]
    旋律 [MSC, simp.]
    “xuánlǜ” cí zhōng de “xuán” zì [Pinyin]
    the character within the word 旋律 (xuánlǜ)
  8. With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb:
    1. Indicating that the action has occurred only once
        ―  kàn kàn  ―  to have a look
      [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 jat1 mong6 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a look
    2. Indicating the intention to try
        ―  suàn suàn  ―  to try to calculate it
      [Cantonese]  ―  gai3 jat1 gai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to try to calculate it
  9. once; as soon as; upon
    講曹操,曹操就到 [Cantonese, trad.]
    讲曹操,曹操就到 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jat1 gong2 cou4 cou1 ,cou4 cou1 zau6 dou3 [Jyutping]
    speak of the devil and he shall appear
    OP  ―  dào OP jiù kǎ.  ―  It slows down once I get to the opening.
    照片立即成為眾人矚目焦點 [MSC, trad.]
    照片立即成为众人瞩目焦点 [MSC, simp.]
    pāi le zhàopiàn, tā jiù lìjí chéngwéi zhòngrén zhǔmù de jiāodiǎn. [Pinyin]
    As soon as I took a picture, she ran towards the limelight.
  10. for the first time; at the beginning
    見如故见如故  ―  jiànrúgù  ―  to hit it off
  11. surprisingly; unexpectedly
    至於此至于此  ―  zhìyúcǐ  ―  How did things ever get so far?
  12. (gay slang) top
      ―  hào  ―  a top
  13. (Cantonese, cant, euphemistic) to die
  14. (Xiamen Hokkien) extremely; very; highly
Usage notes
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Synonyms
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  • (extremely):
Alternative forms
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  • (top): 1
See also
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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫小写)
, , , , ,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
百萬百万,
(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines)
亿 (Taiwan)
萬億万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫大写)

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:一.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (いち) (ichi); (いつ) (itsu)
  • Okinawan: (いち) (ichi)
  • Korean: 일(一) (il)
  • Jeju: (il)
  • Vietnamese: nhất ()

Others:

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note low ti (7̣).
Synonyms
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  • (Cantonese opera) ()

Derived terms

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Form used as the colloquial reading for “one” in most Min varieties: Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ8, Fuqing θyo8, Gutian syøʔ8, Ningde søʔ8, Zhouning sɔʔ8, Putian ɬoʔ8, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚8, Leizhou/Haikou ziak8, Longyan tse4, Youxi ɕie7, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi5, Jianyang tsi8. Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from (shǔ) (cf. (, single, alone); often written when read with the colloquial reading), (zhī) (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or (zhí). Some Fujian dialects use and (guǎ) for “one”.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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(Min)

  1. one
  2. each; every
  3. whole; entire; all

Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.

Contraction of 一個一个 (yīgè) (Zhou, 1998).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Beijing Mandarin) one
Usage notes
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  • This is pronounced as regardless of the succeeding tone (Tao, 2002). It is grammatically different from other tone sandhis of ; it is used directly with a nominal without a classifier.

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. one (number)[1]
  2. the first, the best
  3. unify, all
  4. a certain one
  5. slight
  6. only, nothing but

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal :
Kanji in this term
いち
Grade: 1
goon

/itɨ//it͡sɨ//it͡ɕɨ/

From Middle Chinese (ʔiɪt̚).

Compare modern Hokkien reading it.

Alternative forms

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  • (financial/formal form) ,
  • (ancient form) 𪩩

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) [ìchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [it͡ɕi]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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(いち) (ichi

  1. one, 1
Usage notes
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Noun

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(いち) (ichi

  1. one, 1
  2. term relating to the number one:
    1. the first in order, foremost
    2. the beginning
    3. the best
    4. a kind of; one of something
    5. (card games) an ace
  3. unity
  4. the bottom string of a shamisen or other Japanese musical instrument
Idioms
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Suffix

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(いち) (-ichi

  1. the best in …; the most in …
    ()(きゅう)()(らく)()(ちゅう)(いち)
    Chikyū no goraku wa uchū-ichi!
    The entertainments on the earth are the best in the universe!
    ()(かい)(いち)かわいい
    Sekai-ichi kawaii yo.
    It's the cutest in the world.

Affix

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(いち) (ichi

  1. one, 1
  2. first, foremost
  3. once
  4. best, number one
  5. bunch, bundle
  6. entirely, wholly
  7. certain one
  8. merely, only

Proper noun

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(いち) (Ichi

  1. a surname

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Okinawan: (ichi)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
いつ
Grade: 1
kan'on

/itʉ//it͡sʉ//it͡su/

From Middle Chinese (ʔiɪt̚).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いつ) (itsu

  1. one
  2. the same

Affix

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(いつ) (itsu

  1. one, 1
  2. first, foremost
  3. group
  4. entirely, wholly
  5. other
  6. merely, only

Proper noun

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(いつ) (Itsu

  1. a female given name

Derived terms

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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ひと
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
  • /pʲitə/⟨pi1to2/ɸito//hito/

From Old Japanese (pi1to2), from earlier Proto-Japonic *pitə. Cognate with Okinawan ()

Related to (futa, two), which is its double.[4] Compare (mi, three) and (mu, six), (yo, four) and (ya, eight).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(ひと) (hito

  1. one, 1

Prefix

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(ひと) (hito-

  1. one, single
  2. all
  3. a bit
  4. a certain time

Derived terms

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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Shortening of hito above.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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() (hi

  1. one, 1

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
ひい
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Long-pronounced form of hi above.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(ひい) (

  1. one, 1

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
いい
Grade: 1
tōon

Borrowing from Mandarin () in the Qing Dynasty.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(イー) (ī

  1. one, 1
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
はじめ
Grade: 1
nanori

From 始め (hajime, beginning, first), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 始める (hajimeru, to begin something).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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(はじめ) (Hajime

  1. a unisex given name
  2. a surname
Coordinate terms
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Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular (れい) (rei)
(ゼロ) (zero)
(いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (よん) (yon)
() (shi)
() (go) (ろく) (roku) (なな) (nana)
(しち) (shichi)
(はち) (hachi) (きゅう) (kyū)
() (ku)
(じゅう) ()
Formal (いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (じゅう) ()
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular (きゅう)(じゅう) (kyūjū) (ひゃく) (hyaku)
(いっ)(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)
(さん)(びゃく) (sanbyaku) (ろっ)(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) (はっ)(ぴゃく) (happyaku) (せん) (sen)
(いっ)(せん) (issen)
(さん)(ぜん) (sanzen) (はっ)(せん) (hassen) (いち)(まん) (ichiman) (いち)(おく) (ichioku)
Formal (いち)(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
(いっ)(ちょう) (itchō) (はっ)(ちょう) (hatchō) (じゅっ)(ちょう) (jutchō) (いっ)(けい) (ikkei) (ろっ)(けい) (rokkei) (はっ)(けい) (hakkei) (じゅっ)(けい) (jukkei) (ひゃっ)(けい) (hyakkei)

References

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  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
10
[a], [b] ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Native isol.: 하나 (hana)
    Native attr.: (han)
    Sino-Korean: (il)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 첫째 (cheotjjae)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (ʔiɪt̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅙᅵᇙ〮 (Yale: qílq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄒᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: hón) 일〮 (Yale: íl)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (han il))

  1. hanja form? of (one)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *pite, from earlier Proto-Japonic *pitə. Cognate with Japanese (hito). Related to (), which is its double.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(てぃー) (

  1. one, 1 (used only when counting)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Likely borrowed from Japanese (ichi).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(いち) (ichi

  1. one, 1
Derived terms
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Noun

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(いち) (ichi

  1. one
  2. first, number one
  3. great, big
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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(ちゅ) (chu-

  1. one
  2. full
Derived terms
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References

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  • Mitsugu Sakihara (2006 June) Stewart Curry, Leon Angelo Serafim, Shigehisa Karimata, Moriyo Shimabukuro, editors, Okinawan-English Wordbook, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN
  • ” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
  • Wayne Lawrence (2015) “7. Lexicon”, in Patrick Heinrich, Shinsho Miyara, Michinori Shimoji, editors, Handbook of the Ryukyuan Languages, volume 11, Berlin/Boston/Munich: Walter de Gruyter, Inc., →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 168-171

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: nhất[1][2][3][4], nhứt[3][5][4]
: Nôm readings: nhất[1][2][3], nhắt[1][6], nhứt[2][3]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhất (one).
  2. chữ Hán form of nhất (first; most).
  3. Nôm form of nhắt (teeny; tiny).

Compounds

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References

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