Zamani Project

Zamani Project
Formation	2004
Founder	Prof. Heinz Ruther
Purpose	Spatial digital documentation of cultural heritage sites and Landscape
Products	3D Models, Plans, Section, Elevations, 360 degrees Panorama Tours, Geographic Information Systems
Methods	Laser scanning, digital modeling, GIS
Website	zamaniproject.org

The Zamani Project is part of the African Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes Database. Zamani is a research group at the University of Cape Town, which acquires, models, presents and manages spatial and other data from cultural heritage sites. The present focus of the Zamani project is Africa, with the principal objective of developing “The African Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes Database”. Zamani comes from the Swahili phrase “Hapo zamani za kale” which means “Once upon a time”, and can be used to mean 'the past'. The word is derived from Arabic root for temporal vocabulary, ‘Zaman,’ and appears in several languages around the world.

History

The Zamani initiative was conceptualised in the Geomatics Division of the University of Cape Town by Professor Heinz Rüther in 2001 in collaboration with ITHAKA and Aluka [now an initiative of JSTOR] as the “African Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes Database” in 2004 with a number of sequential grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The project developed out of a long history of heritage documentation in the Geomatics division reaching from conventional mapping of archaeological sites in the early stages of the project to advanced digital modeling of complex sites in its present phase.

Motivation

The documentation project aims to capture spatial information to create a permanent record of important heritage sites for restoration and conservation purposes and as a record for future generations. The project seeks to provide material for education, research and site management and increase international awareness of African heritage on a not-for-profit basis.

Data

Spatial data of architectural structures and historical landscapes are acquired by means of laser scanning, conventional surveys, GPS surveys and photogrammetric imaging with calibrated cameras. Satellite images, aerial photography and full-dome panorama photography are also employed as are contextual photography and videos. The data are captured by the project team during field campaigns. The acquired data are processed to produce Geographic Information Systems (GIS), 3D computer models, maps, architectural sections and building plans and interactive panorama tours of the heritage sites. Sites are seen in the context of their physical environment and therefore landscapes surrounding sites are modelled in 3D using satellite and aerial imagery wherever possible.

Sites

The following is a list of sites which have been documented:

Algeria

Djémila
M'Zien (Lemzyen)

Cameroon

Mandara Hills: DGB I & II

Ethiopia

Lalibela: 13 rock-hewn churches
Axum: Stele-field
Gondar: Fasil Ghebbi

Ghana

Elmina: Elmina Castle
Besease/Kumasi: Ashanti Shrine

Jordan

Petra: Siq
Petra: Treasury (Al-Khazneh)
Petra: Monastery (Ad Deir)
Petra: Urn Tomb
Petra: Tomb of the Roman Soldier
Petra: Palace Tomb
Petra: Corinthian Tomb
Petra: Silk Tomb
Petra: Theater
Petra: Qasr al-Bint
Petra: Great Temple
Petra: Facade Tombs
Petra: Temple of the Winged Lions
Petra: Turkmeniyeh Tomb
Petra: Soldier Tomb (Wadi Farasa)
Petra: Garden Tomb (Wadi Farasa)
Petra: Renaissance Tomb (Wadi Farasa)
Petra: Triclinium (Wadi Farasa)
Petra: Djinn Blocks (before Siq entrance)
Petra: Obelisk Tomb (before Siq entrance)
Petra: landscape of Wadi Musa and the landscape of Wadi Farasa

Kenya

Lamu: Fortress, Swahili Building and historical street scene
Shela: Shiathna-Asheri Mosque
Gede: Palace, Mosque and buildings
Namoratung'a: Stelae field
Turkana Village: village huts
Tot Village: village huts

Mali

Djenne: Great Mosque
Timbuktu: Friday Mosque

Mozambique

Mozambique Island: Fortress and Chapel

Myanmar

Bagan (Several Temple & Pagodas)

Sri Lanka

Medirigiriya Watadageya
Polonnaruwa

South Africa

Mapungubwe: Iron Age site of Mapungubwe Hill, plus rock art site
Pretoria: Union Buildings
Cape Town: Good Hope Castle
Wonderwerk Cave: cave with early human occupation
Cederberg: 6 rock art sites
Saldhana: Stone age site
Langebaan: Paleontological site
Drakensberg: 2 rock art sites

Sudan

Musawwarat es-Sufra: Great Enclosure temple complex and Temple of Apedemak

Tanzania

Kilwa Kisiwani: Fortress, Mosque, Palace
Songo Mnara: Palace, Mosque, Buildings, Graveyard
Engaruka: Drystone structures
Stone Town in Zanzibar: 2 Persian baths and Beit Al-Amani

Uganda

Nyero: 5 rock art sites
Mukongolo: 3 rock art sites
Kampiri: rock art site
Lolui Island: rock art site
Kokoro: 3 rock art sites

Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe: Great Enclosure and Hill complex

Undocumented sites

These sites have been documented by the project team but not included in the database 1. Algeria, Tassili: Engravings (TARA)
2. Egypt, Luxor: Valley of the Queens (Getty Conservation Institute, L.A.)
3. Jordan, Petra: SIQ canyon and tombs in co-operation with UNESCO
4. Tanzania, Laetoli: Hominid Trackway (Getty Conservation Institute, L.A.)
5. United Arab Emirates, Al Ain: Archaeological site (ADACH, Abu Dhabi)

Access to data

The database is conceptualised as a holistic system and therefore spatial data acquired by the Zamani group are augmented by contextual non-spatial data contributed to JSTOR by various additional partners and organizations. This entire set of materials is made available to the scholarly community via JSTOR's Aluka initiative. Access to this collection is free to all institutions and organizations in Africa and portions of the developing world. Libraries and academic institutions outside of Africa can license access to these collections via JSTOR. The Zamani Project website provides a showcase for the data it produces. Subsets of the 3D data, such as panorama tours and flythrough animations can be viewed on the site as well as examples of plans, sections and photographs.

Funding

The African Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes Database exclusively funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New York. Administrative support, office space and other academic services are provided by the University of Cape Town and the Geomatics Division at UCT. Additional funds are generated through documentation work for the Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles and the World Monuments Fund, New York. In the early stages of the project UNESCO provided financial support for documentation in Lalibela.

Zamani team

The Zamani team members comprises four Chief Scientific Officers (Ralph Schroeder, Roshan Bhurtha, Stephen Wessels and Bruce McDonald) under the leadership of the Principal Investigator, Prof. Heinz Rüther. Interns from UCT and international universities also occasionally join the team. Occasionally Christoph Held (former team member, currently works with laser scanning manufacturer Zoller and Fröhlich (Z+F)) and Professor Werner Stempfhuber (from the Beuth University in Berlin) accompany the Zamani team on field campaigns.

References

Rajan, Rahim S.; Rüther, Heinz (2007). "Building a Digital Library of Scholarly Resources from the Developing World: An Introduction to Aluka". African Arts. 40 (2): 1–7. doi:10.1162/afar.2007.40.2.1.
Documenting African Sites: The Aluka Project, Heinz Rüther, Rahim S. Rajan. JSAH Volume 66, Number 4, December 2007. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians.^{[dead link‍]}
Rüther, Heinz; Chazan, Michael; Schroeder, Ralph; Neeser, Rudy; Held, Christoph; Walker, Steven James; Matmon, Ari; Horwitz, Liora Kolska (September 2009). "Laser scanning for conservation and research of African cultural heritage sites: The case study of Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". Journal of Archaeological Science. 36 (9): 1847–1856. Bibcode:2009JArSc..36.1847R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.04.012.