Yungay, also known as Yungay Nuevo (Spanish for "New Yungay"), is a town in the Ancash Region in north central Peru, South America.
Yungay
Yungay Nuevo | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Cemetery in Yungay | |
 Flag  Seal | |
  Yungay Location of in Peru | |
| Coordinates: 09°08′22″S 77°44′42″W / 9.13944°S 77.74500°W | |
| Country |  Peru |
| Region | Ancash |
| Province | Yungay |
| District | Yungay |
| Founded | 4 August 1540 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Fernando Ciro Casio Consolación |
| Elevation | 2,458 m (8,064 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
| • Total | 20,070 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| Climate | BSk |
Geography
editYungay is located in the Callejón de Huaylas on Río Santa at an elevation of approximately 2,500 meters, 450 km north of Lima, the country's capital. East of the small town are the mountain ridges of snow-covered Cordillera Blanca, with Huascarán, Peru's highest mountain, no more than 15 km east of Yungay.
Yungay is the capital of Yungay Province, as well as the main town in the Yungay District. While the town counts approximately 10,000 inhabitants (2010 projection based on 2007 census data[1]), Yungay Province has a population of 60,000 (2000 estimate). The Province of Yungay occupies part of the Callejón de Huaylas, the Conchucos Valley (Yanama), the coast of Ancash (Quillo) and the Huascarán National Park.
History
editThe United Restoration Army, a Chilean-Peruvian army during the War of the Confederation, defeated the army of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation during the Battle of Yungay on 20 January 1839, marking the dissolution of the short-lived confederacy.
1962 avalanche
editOn 11 January 1962 an avalanche from Huascarán destroyed Ranrahirca and eight other villages in which an estimated 4,000 were killed. Yungay was saved.[2][3]
Ancash earthquake
editIn 1962, two American scientists, David Bernays and Charles Sawyer, had reported seeing a massive vertical slab of rock being undermined by a glacier on mount Huascarán Norte, which threatened to fall and cause the obliteration of Yungay. According to Sawyer, when this was reported in the Expreso newspaper (27 September 1962), the government ordered them to retract or face prison, and they fled the country. Citizens were forcibly prevented from speaking of an impending disaster. Eight years later, the prediction came true.[4][5]
On 31 May 1970, the Ancash earthquake caused a substantial part of the north side of a mountain, Nevado Huascarán, to collapse and an unstable mass of glacial ice about 800 meters across at the top of Nevado Huascarán to fall. This caused a debris avalanche, burying the town of Yungay and killing 20,000 people (400 survived).[6] More than 50 million cubic meters of debris slid approximately 15 kilometers downhill at an angle of about 14 degrees. Speeds between 340 mph to 620 mph were achieved.[7] Most of the survivors were in the cemetery and stadium at the time of the earthquake, as these zones were the highest in town.
The Peruvian government has forbidden excavation in the area where the old town of Yungay is buried, declaring it a national cemetery. The current town was rebuilt 2 km (1 mi) north of the destroyed city.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Yungay, elevation 2,527 m (8,291 ft), (1995–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.6 (76.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
8.0 (46.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46.1 (1.81) |
71.2 (2.80) |
82.4 (3.24) |
40.6 (1.60) |
6.1 (0.24) |
1.2 (0.05) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.6 (0.02) |
7.4 (0.29) |
17.4 (0.69) |
24.0 (0.94) |
26.6 (1.05) |
323.8 (12.74) |
| Source 1: Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Institut de recherche pour le développement (precipitation)[9] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Haller, Andreas (2010): Yungay: recent tendencies and spatial perceptions in an Andean risk zone. In Espacio y Desarrollo 22, pp. 65–75 ISSN 1016-9148
- ^ BBC on this day
- ^ National Geographic June 1962
- ^ "Political landslide", letter to New Scientist by Charles Sawyer, 17 Nov. 2012, p. 33.
- ^ "Tracing tropical Andean glaciers over space and time: Some lessons and transdisciplinary implications" Archived June 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine by Bryan Mark, Global and Planetary Change 60 (2008) pp. 101–14.
- ^ BBC on this day
- ^ H. Carlson, Diane; McGeary, David; C. Plummer, Charles (2007). Physical Geology, 11th ed. The McGraw Hill Company, Inc.
- ^ "EVOLUCIÓN DE LA COBERTURA GLACIAR Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA DISPONIBILIDAD HÍDRICA DE LA SUBCUENCA BLANCO – RÍO SANTA". Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "Glaciares y Recursos Hídricos en la Cuenca del río Santa" (PDF). Institut de recherche pour le développement. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
Further reading
edit- Oliver-Smith, Anthony (1986): The Martyred City: Death and Rebirth in the Andes. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press ISBN 0-8263-0864-3
- Murphy, Alan (1999): Peru Handbook. Bath: Footprint ISBN 0-8442-2187-2
External links
editCaves
- Guitarrero caves near Yungay (Peru). First agriculture evidence of Peru 10,000 years ago (maps and photographs)
Earthquake of 31 May 1970
- (in Spanish) Earthquake 31 May 1970 (chimboteonline)
- (in Spanish) Earthquake 31 May 1970 (yungayperu.com, with details and photos of the catastrophe)