Sultan Muhammad Awan,[a] known popularly as Sultān Bāhū[b] (also spelled as Bahoo; Punjabi: [sʊltaːn baːɦuː]; 17 January 1630 – 1 March 1691), was a Punjabi Muslim poet, Sufi, scholar, and historian of the 17th century.[1] Renowned for his mystical poetry, he was active during the reigns of Mughal emperors Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.[2][3]
Sultan Bahu | |
|---|---|
| سُلطان باہوُ | |
 Shrine of Sultan Bahu | |
| Born | 17 January 1630 |
| Died | 1 March 1691 (aged 61) Jhang, Subah of Lahore, Mughal Empire |
| Resting place | Darbar Sultan Bahu, Garh Maharaja |
| Nationality | Punjabi |
| Citizenship | Mughal Empire |
| Known for | Sufi poetry |
| Successor | Syed Mohammad Abdullah Shah Madni Jilani |
| Parents |
|
Little is known about Bahu's life, other than what is written in a hagiography called Manaqib-i Sultani, which was written by one of Bahu's descendants seven generations after Bahu's own time.[4] According to these records, he was born in Shorkot into the Awan tribe.[5][6] He was son of Bayazid Muhammad, an officer in the Mughal Army, and Rasti.[7] He belonged to Qadiri Sufi order,[6] and started the mystic tradition known as Sarwari Qadiri.[3]
More than forty books on Sufism are attributed to him (mostly written in Persian), largely dealing with specialised aspects of Islam and Islamic mysticism. However, it was his Punjabi poetry which had popular appeal and earned him lasting fame.[4]: 14 His verses are sung in many genres of Sufi music, including qawwali and kafi, and tradition has established a unique style of singing his couplets.[4]: 14
Education
editSultan Bahu's first teacher was his mother, Mai Rasti. She pushed him to seek spiritual guidance from Shah Habib Gilani.[3]
Around 1668, Sultan Bahu moved to Delhi for further training under the guidance of Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi, a notable Sufi saint of the Qadiriyya order, and thereafter returned to Punjab where he spent the rest of his life.[3]
Literary works
editThe exact number of books written by Sultan Bahu is not known, but it is assumed to be at least one hundred. Forty of them are on Sufism and Islamic mysticism. Most of his writings are in the Persian language except Abyat-e-Bahu which is in Punjabi verse.[8]
Only the following books written by Sultan Bahu can be found today:
- Abyat e Bahu[9]
- Risala e Ruhi
- Sultan ul Waham
- Nur ul Khuda
- Aql e Baidar
- Mahq ul Faqr
- Aurang e Shahi
- Jami ul Israr
- Taufiq e Hidayat
- Kalid Tauheed
- Ain ul Faqr[10]
- Israr e Qadri[10]
- Kaleed e Jannat
- Muhqam ul Faqr
- Majlis un Nabi
- Muftah ul Arifeen
- Hujjat ul Israr
- Kashf ul Israar
- Mahabat ul Israr
- Ganj ul Israr
- Fazl ul Liqa
- Dewaan e Bahu[10]
Spiritual lineage
editMian Taj Muhammad was successor of Sultan Bahu as his spiritual master, however Mian Taj Muhammad was born long after the death of Sultan bahu.[11] Bahu was follower of Abdul Qadir Jilani's Qadiriyya tradition, Sultan Bahu initiated an offshoot of his own which he named Sarwari Qadiri.
According to tradition, the lineage reaches Mian Taj Muhammad as follows:[12]
- Muhammad
- Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Hasan al Basri
- Habib al Ajami
- Dawud Tai
- Maruf Karkhi
- Sirri Saqti
- Junaid Baghdadi
- Abu Bakr Shibli
- Abdul Aziz bin Hars bin Asad Yemeni Tamimi
- Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi
- Mohammad Yousaf Abu al-Farah Tartusi
- Abu-al-Hassan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari
- Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
- Abdul Qadir Jilani
- Abdul Razzaq Jilani
- Abdul Jabbar Jilani
- Syed Mohammad Sadiq Yahya
- Najm-ud-Din Burhan Puri
- Abdul Fattah
- Abdul Sattar
- Abdul Baqqa
- Abdul Jaleel
- Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi
- Sultan Bahu
- Mian Taj Muhammad
The Sultan Bahu's tradition is still practised to this day by Mian Taj's successors.
Shrine
editThe shrine of Sultan Bahu is located in Garh Maharaja, Punjab.[13] It was originally built on Bahu's grave site until the Chenab River changed its course causing the need to relocate twice and as witnessed by those present at the time of relocation, claims that his body was still intact at the time.[13] It is a popular Sufi shrine, and the annual Urs festival commemorating his death is celebrated there with great fervour on the first Thursday of Jumada al-Thani month. People come from far-off places to join the celebrations.[14][12]
Sultan Bahu also used to hold an annual Urs to commemorate the martyrs of Karbala from the 1st to the 10th day of the month of Muharram. This tradition continues to this day and every year, thousands of pilgrims visit the shrine during the first ten days of Muharram.[12]
Notes
editSee also
edit
References
edit- ^ Kamal Aziz, Khursheed (1993). The Pakistani Historian. Original from the University of Michigan. Vanguard.
- ^ Syed Ahmad Saeed Hamadani. Sultan Bahu Life & Work.
- ^ a b c d Parvez, Amjad (30 October 2019). "Metaphysics of Sultan Bahu dedicated to those with clear concepts of philosophy". Daily Times (newspaper). Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b c Sult̤ān Bāhū (1998). Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-92046-0.
- ^ Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. p. 187. ISBN 9788178356648. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
- ^ a b Frembgen, Jürgen Wasim (2006). The Friends of God: Sufi Saints in Islam, Popular Poster Art from Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780195470062.
- ^ Sultan Bahu (29 March 2015). Ganj ul Asrar. Translated by Hafiz Hamad Ur Rahman. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 12. ISBN 9789699795213.
- ^ Sultan Hamid Ali,"Manaqib-i Sultani" Malik Chanan Din Publishers (Regd) Lahore Pakistan 1956
- ^ Muhammad Sharif Sabir. "Complete Book of Poems by Sultan Bahu". Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA). Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b c Sultan Bahu books on Rekhta.org website Retrieved 18 May 2020
- ^ S. Padam, Piara (1984) [1st. Pub. 1984]. Dohrhe Sultan Bahu. s. n.
- ^ a b c "Urs of Sultan Bahu begins" The News International (newspaper), Published 2 September 2019, Retrieved 18 May 2020
- ^ a b Sadia Dehlvi (1 December 2013). Sufism: Heart of Islam. HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-93-5029-448-2.
- ^ Book Name: Tareekh-e-Jhang, Author: Iqbal Zuberi, Publisher: Jhang Adibi Academy, Jhang Sadar, Pakistan, First Edition, Date: 2002