[go: up one dir, main page]
Wikipedia

Southam

This article is about the town in Warwickshire. For the village in Gloucestershire, see Southam, Gloucestershire. For other uses, see Southam (disambiguation).

Southam (/ˈsaʊðəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district of Warwickshire, England, located about 6+1⁄2 miles (10 km) east-southeast of Leamington Spa. In the 2021 census, the population of Southam was 8,114.[1]

Southam
Market Hill, at the centre of Southam
Southam is located in Warwickshire
Southam
Southam
Location within Warwickshire
Population8,114 (2021 census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP4161
Civil parish
  • Southam
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSOUTHAM
Postcode districtCV47
Dialling code01926
PoliceWarwickshire
FireWarwickshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Warwickshire
52°15′07″N 1°23′24″W / 52.252°N 1.39°W / 52.252; -1.39

History

edit

Southam was a Royal manor until AD 998, when Ethelred the Unready granted it to Earl Leofwine.[2] When Coventry Priory was founded in 1043, Leofwine's son Leofric, Earl of Mercia granted Southam to it.[2] The Domesday Book records the manor as "Sucham".[3] The Priory, which in the 12th century became the first Coventry Cathedral, kept Southam until the 16th century when it surrendered all its estates to the Crown in the Dissolution of the Monasteries.[3]

Southam developed at the intersection of several roads: the main road between Coventry and Oxford (now the A423 road), the main road from Warwick to Northampton via Daventry, and the ancient drovers' road known as Welsh Road.[4] In 1227, the monks of Coventry Priory were granted a market charter for their manor at Southam, causing it to develop into a market town. Southam later received charters to hold three yearly fairs: Medieval fairs were special markets, held only a few times a year, which attracted buyers and sellers from longer distances than the normal weekly market.[5]

 
Southam's Holy Well

Southam's Holy Well, in the picturesque Stowe river valley, is Grade II listed and a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and was first recorded in the year 998.[6] The Well was used in medieval times by local monks and for hundreds of years as the town's principal water supply. Water from a natural mineral spring feeds the semi-circular Well and pours through the mouths of carved stone gargoyles into the river. The water from the Well was said to cure eye complaints.[7] The Holy Well and paths were renovated during 2005–2007 using a National Lottery grant.[8]

 
Old Manor House, Southam, dating from the 16th century. King Charles I is said to have stayed here

Southam's manor house in the centre of town is Grade II listed and dates from the 16th century.[9] The present parish church of St James was built in the 14th century.[2][10][11] In the 15th century the spire was added[10] and the chancel was rebuilt.[11] The nave's clerestory and present roof were added in the 16th century, along with the present west door.[11] St James' is a Grade I listed building.[11]

In the 1540s John Leland visited the town and described it as "a modest market town of a single street".[3] William Shakespeare mentions Southam in Henry VI, part 3, Act V, Scene I, Lines 10–16:

WARWICK
Say, Somerville, what says my loving son?
And, by thy guess, how nigh is Clarence now?

SOMERSET
At Southam I did leave him with his forces,
And do expect him here some two hours hence.

WARWICK
Then Clarence is at hand, I hear his drum.

SOMERSET
It is not his, my lord; here Southam lies:
The drum your honour hears marcheth from Warwick.

 
The Olde Mint public house, also 16th century

In the English Civil War, King Charles I used Southam's mint to make new coins to pay his troops.[12] The grade II listed mint building dates from the early 16th century.[13] It is now the Old Mint public house.[10]

Charles I passed through Southam just before the outbreak of the Civil War and apparently was not made welcome by the townsfolk, who refused to ring the parish church bells.[3] On 23 August 1642, the day after the King formally declared war on Parliament, a skirmish was fought outside the town between Parliamentary forces led by Lord Brooke and Royalist forces commanded by the Earl of Northampton. The Battle of Southam is claimed by locals to have been the first battle of the English Civil Wars. Later that year, Charles stayed at the Manor House in Southam before the Battle of Edgehill on 23 October 1642.[3] In 1645 Oliver Cromwell and 7,000 Parliamentary troops stayed in the town.[14]

In the stagecoach era Southam became an important stop on the coach road between Coventry and Oxford. Many old coaching inns remain in the town.[15][3] However, few buildings in Southam date from before 1741, when a large fire devastated the town.[3]

RAF Southam, about 0.6 miles (1 km) east of the town, was a World War II airfield. It was opened in 1940 and closed at the end of 1944. It was a training base and a relief landing ground.

Southam's history is commemorated in Southam's Cardall Collection.

Historic population

edit
Year Population
1801 935[16]
1911 1,804[2]
1961 2,212[16]
2001 6,509[1]
2021 8,114[1]

Geography

edit

Southam is about 9+1⁄2 miles (15.3 km) south-west of Rugby and 9+1⁄2 miles (15.3 km) west of Daventry, 13 miles (21 km) south-southeast of Coventry and 14 miles (23 km) north of Banbury.[17][18]

Southam is situated on the River Stowe, a tributary of the River Itchen, which flows from Napton-on-the-Hill and joins the Itchen at Stoneythorpe, just outside the town.[18]

Economy

edit
 
The former Southam cement works, demolished in 2011

The dominant rock type for the area is Blue Lias limestone. For many years there was a cement factory and associated limestone quarry 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the town. The works was served at one time by both rail and canal transport — the latter being a short arm from the Grand Union Canal. The cement operations at Southam were owned by the Rugby Cement company. In 2000 cement production was relocated to Rugby, and Southam cement works was closed, but quarrying at the site still continues. The former cement works was demolished in 2011.[19][20]

Southam is part of the area known as Silicon Spa: the area around Leamington Spa which is known for its concentration of companies involved in the video game industry: The computer games company, Codemasters, is based in Southam, and was founded by two locals.[21][22] It was Europe's largest privately owned computer games company, until its purchase by Electronic Arts in February 2021.

The railway rolling stock company Vivarail was based in Southam between 2019 and 2023 when it was dissolved.[23]

South of the town is an industrial estate that is a significant source of local employment.

Southam has become a commuter town due to its road links and location. Taxi and minicab firms operate in the area and frequent bus services serve Southam and local villages.

Politics

edit

The principal local authorities administering Southam are Warwickshire County Council and Stratford-on-Avon District Council, each responsible for different aspects of local government. In addition to this, as a civil parish Southam has its own Town Council, which is represented by ten councillors from four wards.[24]

Southam was the seat of the Southam Rural District from 1894 until 1974, when under the Local Government Act 1972 it was made part of Stratford-on-Avon District.

Southam was in the parliamentary constituency of Stratford-on-Avon until the boundary changes approved by Parliament in June 2007 when it became part of the new constituency of Kenilworth and Southam. The constituency was first contested in the 2010 United Kingdom general election.

Facilities

edit

Education

edit

Southam has three primary schools and a secondary school (Southam College) with 1,643 students on roll from Southam and local villages. There is a leisure centre with swimming pool and gym next to the College on Welsh Road West.

Shopping

edit
 
Southam High Street

The main shopping area is based around High Street and Market Hill in the town centre. A French street market has run in High Street since the 1990s, it was restarted again in 2022 after being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[25]

Religion

edit
 
St James' parish church

There are four churches in Southam. St James's parish church is behind Market Hill. Both Our Lady and St Wulstan's Catholic church and the Congregational chapel are on Wood Street, and the Community Church is on Coventry Street. There is also a small but active Bahá´í group in the town.[26] The footpath from St James church along the protected Stowe valley to the historic Holy Well and on to Stoneythorpe Hall is a popular route for local people, ornithologists and other naturalists.

Sport and recreation

edit

Southam Rugby Club was formed in 1962. In 1969 the club purchased pitches at Kineton Road and started playing home games. Over three years' money was raised to build the club house which was constructed mainly by the players and was opened in 1972. Today the club plays in the Midland League and has three senior teams and a colts team.

Southam United F.C. is the town's association football club, and Southam also has a bowling club, a cricket club and the six pitch Dallas Burston Polo Club which includes conference and events facilities and the Millstone Hare pub and restaurant.

Southam is home to 2028 (Southam) Squadron Air Training Corps, a Royal Air Force-sponsored youth organisation for 13- to 20-year-olds. The squadron is based in Millar House, Wattons Lane.

There is a web of footpaths across fields and through woodland, with minimal need to use roads, giving foot access to surrounding villages.

Parks

edit

Southam's recreational ground, locally known simply as 'the Rec', is located on Park Lane; the land adjoins St James' churchyard which itself extends to Park Lane, the lower part of Market Hill and the upper part of Warwick Street. The bottom of the park is a bare field used mainly for ball games and the upper part contains various kinds of play equipment, with a separate area for very young children. The second largest park is at Tollgate Road, locally referred to as 'Tollgate'. A small Zoo existed in the town between 1966 and 1985.[27]

Media

edit

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals can be received from the Sutton Coldfield TV transmitter. [28] Local radio stations are BBC CWR, Heart West Midlands, Capital Mid-Counties, Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire, Fresh (Coventry & Warwickshire) and Greatest Hits Radio Midlands. The town is served by the local newspaper, The Leamington Observer. [29]

Transport

edit

Road

edit

Southam lies between Leamington Spa and Daventry on the A425 road and between Coventry and Banbury on the A423 road. The A426 road connects it to Rugby. About 7.5 miles (12.1 km) south of Southam is the M40 motorway, though the town is surprisingly not indicated on the Junction 12 signage, despite being the main population centre in the immediate area.

Stagecoach Midlands run regular bus services connecting Southam with Leamington, Rugby and some of the local villages: like Napton and Long Itchington [30]

Railway

edit

The nearest railway stations are Leamington Spa, Rugby and Banbury.

Southam has never been directly served by its own railway station, although there were two within a few miles of the town: The Great Western Railway opened its line to Birmingham in 1852, and Southam had a station 3 miles (5 km) to the south-west, named Southam Road and Harbury. The station was closed to goods in 1963 and passengers in 1964 by British Railways (BR). The line is now part of the London Marylebone to Birmingham Chiltern Main Line.[31]

The London and North Western Railway completed its Weedon to Marton Junction Line in 1895 and opened Southam and Long Itchington station on it 2 miles (3 km) north of Southam. British Railways closed the station to passengers in 1958 and goods in 1965, although the line remained open to goods trains serving the cement works until 1985.[32]

The new High Speed 2 line will pass immediately south of Southam, but will have no stations between London and Birmingham.[33]

Notable people

edit

Twin towns

edit

Southam has been twinned with Marolles-en-Hurepoix in France since 1992.[38]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d "SOUTHAM Parish in West Midlands". City Population. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e Salzman 1951, pp. 219–226.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Allen 2000, p. not cited.
  4. ^ "Parishes: Southam". British History Online. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  5. ^ "Southam Fairs". Southam Heritage Collection. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  6. ^ Patchell, P.M.; Patchell, E.M. (Winter 1986). Jordan, Kathy (ed.). "The Wells of Old Warwickshire". Living Spring Journal. 6. University of Bath. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  7. ^ "HOLY WELL 800M W OF SOUTHAM CHURCH". Our Warwickshire. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  8. ^ "The most ancient holy well in England? Southam's Holy Well, Warwickshire". Holyandhealingwells. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  9. ^ "Landmark 500-year-old Grade II-listed Manor House in Southam up for sale - here's your chance to own a piece of history". Warwickshire World. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  10. ^ a b c Pevsner & Wedgwood 1966, p. 403.
  11. ^ a b c d Historic England. "Church of St James (1185823)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  12. ^ "THE OLD MINT, SOUTHAM". Our Warwickshire. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  13. ^ Historic England. "The Old Mint Public House, Coventry Road (1035589)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  14. ^ Warwickshire Federation of Women's Institutes (2000). The Warwickshire Village Book. Newbury: Countryside Books. ISBN 1-85306-652-4.
  15. ^ "Southam in the coaching era". Southam Heritage Collection. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Southam CP/AP Parish-level Unit: Key Findings". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  17. ^ OS Landranger Map 140 : Leicester, Coventry & Rugby: (1:50 000) ISBN 0319262383
  18. ^ a b OS Landranger Map 151 : Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwick & Banbury: (1:50 000) ISBN 9780319262498
  19. ^ "Southam Cement Industry – a brief history". Southam Heritage Collection. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  20. ^ "cementkilns.co.uk". Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Ten reasons why the West Midlands is lighting the way to a digital revolution". Birmingham Mail. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  22. ^ "International debut for Warwickshire's digital gaming industry". Coventry and Warwickshire Local Enterprise Partnership. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  23. ^ "Vivarail Moving to Southam". Focus Transport. 18 November 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  24. ^ "Southam Town Councillors". Southam Town Council. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  25. ^ "French street market to take place in Southam for the first time since lockdown". Warwickshire World. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  26. ^ https://southambahais.org.uk/ [bare URL]
  27. ^ "Looking back in time at Southam Zoo". leamingtonobserver.co.uk.
  28. ^ "Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  29. ^ "The Leamington Observer". British Papers. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Bus routes, stops and maps". Stagecoach. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  31. ^ "Southam Road & Harbury Station". Warwickshire Railways. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  32. ^ "Southam & Long Itchington Station". Warwickshire Railways. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  33. ^ "The route of Phase 1 of the HS2 using an Ordnance Survey map". TheHS2. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  34. ^ Live, Coventry (25 April 2013). "Southam's Steve Beaton faces showdown with Kevin McDine in Grand Slam of Darts". Coventrylive. Coventry Telegraph. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Golden Girl hits bullseye". ThisIsSomerset.co.uk. 15 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  36. ^ Premier Christian Media. "Welcome Welby". Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  37. ^ "30 celebrities you probably didn't know were from Warwickshire". Coventry Telegraph. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  38. ^ "Southam Twinning Association". Retrieved 23 October 2024.

Sources

edit
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southam.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southam&oldid=1255152740"