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Russian battlecruiser Pyotr Velikiy

For other ships with the same name, see Russian ship Pyotr Veliky.
For the Russian monarch, see Peter the Great.

Pyotr Velikiy (Russian: Пётр Великий) is the fourth Kirov-class battlecruiser of the Russian Navy. She was initially named Yuri Andropov (Russian: Юрий Андропов) after Yuri Andropov, the former General Secretary of the Communist Party, but the ship's name was changed after the fall of the Soviet Union. The Russian designation for the type is "heavy nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser", but Western defense commentators have resurrected the term "battlecruiser" to describe them, as they are the largest surface "line of battle" warships in the world. Pyotr Velikiy is the flagship of the Northern Fleet.

History
Russia
NamePyotr Velikiy
NamesakePeter the Great
BuilderBaltic Shipyard, designer Severnoe PKB
Laid down1986
Launched1996
Commissioned18 April 1998
DecommissionedMay be retired when sister ship Admiral Nakhimov comes back into service
Statusin active service
NotesFlagship of the Russian Northern Fleet
General characteristics
Class and typeKirov-class battlecruiser
Displacement
  • 24,300 tons (standard)
  • 28,000 tons (full load)
Length
  • 252 m (827 ft)
  • 230 m (750 ft) (waterline)
Beam28.5 m (94 ft)
Draft9.1 m (30 ft)
Installed power140,000 shp (100,000 kW)
Propulsion2-shaft, nuclear propulsion with steam turbine boost
Speed32 knots (59 km/h)
Range
  • 1,000 nautical miles (1,850 km) at 30 knots (56 km/h) (combined propulsion),
  • Essentially unlimited with nuclear power at 20 knots (37 km/h)
Complement
  • 727
  • Aircrew: 18
  • Flag staff: 15
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Voskhod MR-800 (Top Pair) 3D search radar on foremast
  • Fregat MR-710 (Top Plate) 3D search radar on main mast
  • 2 × MR-320M Topaz-V/Strut Pair air/surface search radar on main mast
  • 3 × Palm Frond navigation radar on foremast
  • 1 × aft Top Dome for SA-N-6 fire control
  • 1 × forward Tomb Stone (Passive electronically scanned array)
  • 1 × MR-360 Podkat/Cross Sword SA-N-9 SAM control
  • 6 × 3P37/Hot Flash SA-N-11 SAM control
  • 1 × MR-184/Kite Screech for 130mm guns
  • Horse Jaw LF hull sonar
  • Horse Tail VDS (Variable Depth Sonar)
Armament
Armour76 mm plating around reactor compartment, light splinter protection
Aircraft carried3 × Kamov Ka-27 "Helix" or Ka-25 "Hormone" helicopters
Aviation facilitiesBelow-deck hangar

Construction of the ship was delayed by lack of funding due to the national economic problems before and after the fall of the Soviet Union. She was not completed and commissioned until 1998, twelve years after work had started. By then she had been renamed Pyotr Velikiy, Russian for Peter the Great. Pyotr Velikiy has been known to carry two pennant numbers during her service: "183" and currently "099".

Service history

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After completing her acceptance trials in November 1996, the vessel was transferred to the Northern Fleet at Severomorsk and was designated as the flagship of the Northern Fleet. In August 2000, Pyotr Velikiy was in the Barents Sea to oversee the largest naval training exercise in a decade, since the fall of the Soviet Union. The ship was to be the designated target of the Oscar-II class submarine K-141 Kursk, and was conducting evasive maneuvers when communication with Kursk was lost. The submarine was later found to have suffered catastrophic torpedo detonations, resulting in the loss of all 118 crew members. Pyotr Velikiy guarded the area where the submarine sank during the subsequent salvage operation in 2001.

In March 2004, Russian Navy Chief Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov declared Pyotr Velikiy unfit for service due to problems with the ship's engineering maintenance.[1] On 19 April 2004, the cruiser was docked in the floating drydock PD-50 for painting of the underside of the hull, repairs, and examination of the steering system. The repairs were completed later that year, and she was carrying out missions again by August.[citation needed] From September 21 to October 22, 2004 she sailed on her first long voyage. Accompanying the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, the destroyers Admiral Chabanenko and Admiral Ushakov, as well as several auxiliary ships, she went into the north-western Atlantic in what was the largest Russian naval exercise after the end of the Cold War.[2][3][circular reference]

2008–2009 cruise

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On 8 September 2008, it was announced that Pyotr Velikiy would sail to the Caribbean Sea to participate in naval exercises with the Venezuelan Navy, along with the destroyer Admiral Chabanenko and other support ships. This action would represent the first major Russian show of force in the Caribbean since the end of the Cold War.[4] On 22 September Pyotr Velikiy and Admiral Chabanenko left their homeport of Severomorsk.[5] On 22 October, Pyotr Velikiy made a port visit to Aksaz Karagac, Turkey[6] and on 6–9 November the cruiser and Admiral Chabanenko made a port visit to Toulon, France,[7] before departing the Mediterranean on 10 November, passing through the Strait of Gibraltar.[8] Pyotr Velikiy arrived in La Guaira, Venezuela on 25 November,[9] coinciding with a visit by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. A combined exercise, VENRUS-200, with the Venezuelan Navy took place on 1–2 December 2008.[10]

After finishing the exercises, Admiral Chabanenko made a short visit to Panama 5–10 December, then to Bluefields, Nicaragua from 13 to 15 December[11] and sailed into Havana, Cuba on 19 December.[12] Pyotr Velikiy continued alone to Cape Town, South Africa. On 11 January 2009, the chief of the Russian General Staff announced that Pyotr Velikiy and six other Russian warships would participate in a joint naval exercise with the Indian Navy later the same month.[citation needed] The Kirov-class cruiser paused for three days to visit Cape Town before continuing on to India.[citation needed] On 31 January Pyotr Velikiy left the port of Mormugao in the Indian state of Goa. After a two-day visit that included a naval exercise with the Indian guided-missile destroyer INS Delhi the cruiser left for African waters where the vessel joined other warships from the Russian navy and conduct the INDRA-2009 exercise.[citation needed] On 12 February, the ship captured ten pirates in three boats off the coast of Somalia.[13] On 10 March, Pyotr Velikiy returned to her homeport of Severomorsk, ending a six-month deployment.[14]

2010s

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On 30 March 2010, Pyotr Velikiy left the Northern Fleet for a new six-month deployment. During her six-month tour of duty, the warship passed through the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea before entering the Indian Ocean via the Suez Canal. In the Indian Ocean the cruiser conducted maneuvers with other Russian warships from the Black Sea Fleet.[citation needed] On 14 April the missile cruiser visited the Mediterranean port of Tartus in Syria. In early May, Pyotr Velikiy met up with the cruiser Moskva in the South China Sea. There they conducted joint exercises and held a traditional farewell ceremony on 5 May. The two vessels were due to arrive in Russia's Far Eastern port of Vladivostok to take part in the Vostok-2010 large-scale strategic exercise.[citation needed] On 29 September Pyotr Velikiy returned to her home base in the Northern Fleet after six months at sea. The flagship of the Northern Fleet had covered about 28,000 nautical miles (52,000 km; 32,000 mi) since the beginning of the mission on 30 March.[citation needed]

During early September 2013 Pyotr Velikiy led a flotilla of Russian Navy ships through the Russian portion of the Northern Sea Route in preparation for establishment of regular patrols.[15]

Operations in Syria

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Pyotr Velikiy (background) escorted by HMS Dragon (foreground) off the coast of the United Kingdom in May 2014
See also: Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)

In 2014, Pyotr Velikiy along with Admiral Kuznetsov and the tankers Sergey Osipov, Kama and Dubna; the tugboat Altay, and the Ropucha-class landing ship Minsk (122) entered the English Channel to sail north.[16] The British destroyer HMS Dragon monitored the Russian task group as it neared the United Kingdom. Once the ships spotted each other they sailed briefly close by as a standard 'meet and greet'. Pyotr Velikiy participated with the Chinese frigate Yancheng and western vessels in the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons.[17]

In May 2016 Pyotr Velikiy put to sea for the first time in two years for drills off the coast of Northern Russia.[18] On 15 October Pyotr Velikiy left Severomorsk to escort Admiral Kuznetsov to the Mediterranean along with supply ships and two Udaloy class destroyers, Severomorsk and Vice-Admiral Kulakov. They were heading to the Eastern Mediterranean to support Syrian government forces battling rebel troops in Aleppo. Pyotr Velikiy passed through the Norwegian Sea and the English Channel, along with the rest of the Russian Northern Fleet on 21 October, shadowed by the British destroyer HMS Dragon.[19]

2017–2019

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On July 17, 2017 Pyotr Velikiy left Severomorsk together with Dmitry Donskoy, a support vessel and a frigate to participate in the Russian Navy Day celebrations in Kronstadt. The convoy went through Storebælt, the only Danish strait deep enough for the Donskoy.[20]

On 6 April 2019, the ship entered Barents Sea with cruiser Marshal Ustinov and several nuclear submarines.[21] On 10 October, she went into Barents Sea with some 15 other warships, submarines, and auxiliary ships to conduct large-scale drills.[22]

2020s

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On 29 May 2020, she went to Barents Sea for exercise.[23] On 11 July, Pyotr Veliky along with cruiser Marshal Ustinov held an exercise in the Barents Sea, both shooting Granit and Vulkan missiles, respectively.[24]

On 24 May 2021 Pyotr Veliky went to sea along with some 10 other warships,[25] including Marshal Ustinov.[26] On 7 June, Pyotr Veliky was still reported at sea, taking part in a 20-ship strong exercise.[27] On 1 July 2021, she went to sea again.[28] On 15 September, the cruiser conducted an exercise in the Barents Sea along with the cruiser Marshal Ustinov, both shooting Granit and Vulkan missiles, respectively.[29]

On 29 January 2022, the cruiser conducted an air defence drill, without leaving the port.[30] On 15 February, Pyotr Veliky, frigate Admiral Gorshkov, diesel and nuclear submarines started an exercise in the Barents Sea.[31][32] Between 15 and 17 March, she and destroyer Severomorsk held an exercise between Norway and Iceland, during the large-scale NATO naval exercise.[33] On 18 April, Pyotr Veliky was at sea again, conducting an artillery exercise in the Barents Sea.[34] In June, the sailors started preparation for the Navy day parade in July.[35] Between 17 and 26 August, Pyotr Veliky was at sea during a large-scale exercise and shot a Granit missile on 24 August.[36][37] She was accompanied by destroyer Admiral Ushakov and an unknown number of submarines. At the same time, in the eastern part of the Barents Sea, destroyer Admiral Levchenko, LST Aleksandr Otrakovsky and tanker Sergey Osipov were active and embarked on a voyage eastwards along the Northern Sea Route.[38][39] During the exercise, destroyer Severomorsk and LST Ivan Gren also passed through the Barents Sea on a way from the main naval parade in St. Petersburg to Severomorsk.[40] On 27 October, she was underway in the Barents Sea.[41] The cruiser went to sea again on 1 November.[42]

On 20 April 2023, it was reported that Pyotr Veliky may be withdrawn from service once her sister ship Admiral Nakhimov returns to service. This decision is allegedly being considered due to the high cost of modernisation.[43][44] However, it was also reported that no decision had been made to withdraw the vessel from service.[45]

Accident and incidents

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A Swedish Air Force pilot flying in a Saab 37 Viggen fighter-reconnaissance plane was scouting the Pyotr Velikiy in the Baltic Sea on 16 October 1996, when he suddenly flew into the water and died while trying to avoid a nearby Russian aircraft during the fly-by reconnaissance of the Russian ship.[46][47]

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  •  
    Ship's crew
  •  
    Russian president Vladimir Putin visiting Pyotr Velikiy
  •  
    The cruiser in May 2010, performing an exercise on radiological, chemical and biological protection
  •  
    The cruiser during tactical exercises of the Baltic and Northern Fleets

References

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  1. ^ "Nuclear battle cruiser 'in danger of exploding'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Associated Press. 24 March 2004. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2008.
  2. ^ Felgenhauer, Pavel (2 November 2004). "A Foolhardy Naval Exercise". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 7 November 2004 – via CDI Russia Weekly.
  3. ^ ru:Маршал Устинов (ракетный крейсер)
  4. ^ Sweeney, Conor (8 September 2008). "Russia says to send battleship to Caribbean Sea". Reuters. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  5. ^ Moscow Interfax-AVN Online, 1102 GMT 10 March 2009 (in Russian)
  6. ^ Moscow Vesti TV, 2100 GMT 22 October 2008 (in Russian)
  7. ^ Moscow Zvezda Television, 1900 GMT 6 November 2008 (in Russian)
  8. ^ St Petersburg Rosbalt-Sever, 11 November 2008 (in Russian)
  9. ^ Moscow Zvezda TV, 1304 GMT 25 November 2008 (in Russian)
  10. ^ Moscow Kommersant Daily, 3 December 2008 (in Russian)
  11. ^ Moscow Vremya Novostei, 15 December 2008 (in Russian)
  12. ^ "Russian Destroyers Pull In To Havana". CBS News. 19 December 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  13. ^ Kilner, James (13 February 2009). "Russian warship seizes 3 pirate ships off Somalia". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  14. ^ Moscow Vesti TV, 1436 GMT 11 March 2009
  15. ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (14 September 2013). "Russia Preparing Patrols of Arctic Shipping Lanes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  16. ^ "Royal Navy sails to meet Russian Task Group". Royal Navy. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  17. ^ Notte, Hanna (2 January 2020). "The United States, Russia, and Syria's chemical weapons: a tale of cooperation and its unravelling". The Nonproliferation Review. 27 (1–3): 201–224. doi:10.1080/10736700.2020.1766226. S2CID 225770190.
  18. ^ "Russia's Northern Fleet flagship goes to sea first time in 2 years". TASS. 16 May 2016. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  19. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (21 October 2016). "Russian warships sailing through English Channel 'a smokescreen' for something else entirely". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  20. ^ "Now we set course for the Baltic Sea, says Northern Fleet". 18 July 2017.
  21. ^ Tsygankova, Svetlana (6 April 2019). "Атомный крейсер "Петр Великий" отстреляется в Баренцевом море" [Nuclear cruiser "Peter the Great" will shoot back in the Barents Sea]. Rossiyskaya Gazeta (in Russian). Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  22. ^ "Северный флот в ходе учения отрабатывает комплексное применение сил в Баренцевом море" [During exercises, the Northern Fleet trains in the complex use of forces in the Barents Sea]. Russian Ministry of Defence (in Russian). 10 October 2019.
  23. ^ "Флагман СФ "Петр Великий" выйдет на учения в Баренцево море". 29 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Атомный ракетный крейсер "Петр Великий" провел в Баренцевом море запуск крылатых ракет "Гранит" и "Вулкан" (ВИДЕО)". 11 July 2020.
  25. ^ "Russian Navy heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser holds drills in Barents Sea". TASS. 24 May 2021.
  26. ^ "Russian Navy guided missile ships deploy to Barents Sea for drills". TASS. 1 June 2021.
  27. ^ "В Баренцевом море начались учения Северного флота". ria (in Russian). 7 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  28. ^ "Атомный крейсер "Пётр Великий" вышел на учения в Баренцево море". militarynews (in Russian). 1 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  29. ^ "Крейсер "Маршал Устинов" разнес на куски условный вражеский десант в Баренцевом море". 15 September 2021.
  30. ^ "Крейсер "Петр Великий" отработал противовоздушную оборону Североморска". 29 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Северный флот начал учения в Баренцевом море". 15 February 2022.
  32. ^ "Северный флот начал учения в Баренцевом море с крейсером "Петр Великий"". 15 February 2022.
  33. ^ "Российский флот проведет стрельбы к западу от района арктических учений НАТО".
  34. ^ "Крейсер "Петр Великий" провел учебные стрельбы в Баренцевом море".
  35. ^ "Экипаж флагманского крейсера "Пётр Великий" начал подготовку ко Дню ВМФ".
  36. ^ "Боевые корабли основных классов ВМФ России на 01.09.2022". September 2022.
  37. ^ Тяжелый атомный ракетный крейсер "Петр Великий". "Крейсер "Петр Великий" поразил цель на дальности более 200 км". Flot.com. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  38. ^ https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12436192@egNews [bare URL]
  39. ^ "В Баренцевом море начались крупные учения Северного флота".
  40. ^ "Корабли Северного флота, участвовавшие в Главном военно-морском параде, возвращаются в базы". 12 August 2022.
  41. ^ "Крейсер "Петр Великий" отработал в Баренцевом море взаимодействие с авиацией".
  42. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. ^ "СМИ узнали о возможном выводе из состава ВМФ крейсера "Петр Великий"". flotprom.ru (in Russian). 20 April 2023.
  44. ^ "ТАСС: крейсер "Петр Великий" спишут после ввода в строй "Адмирала Нахимова"". flotprom.ru (in Russian). 14 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Источник опроверг данные о решении списать крейсер "Петр Великий"". flotprom.ru (in Russian). 18 July 2023.
  46. ^ "Swedish Military Jet Crashes Scouting Ship | The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  47. ^ Ranter, Harro. "Accident Saab AJSH 37 Viggen 908/O 81, 16 Oct 1996". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
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