Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier often used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics. This synthetic compound is a viscous, water-soluble yellow liquid.
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.105.529 |
| E number | E433 (thickeners, ...) |
| KEGG | |
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C64H124O26 | |
| Molar mass | 1310 g/mol |
| Appearance | Amber colored oil |
| Density | 1.102 g/mL |
| Boiling point | > 100°C |
| 100 mL/L [2] | |
| Solubility in other solvents | soluble in ethanol, cottonseed oil, corn oil, ethyl acetate, methanol, toluene |
| Viscosity | 300–500 centistokes (@25°C) |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemistry
editPolysorbate 80 is derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. The hydrophilic groups in this compound are polyethers also known as polyoxyethylene groups, which are polymers of ethylene oxide. In the nomenclature of polysorbates, the numeric designation following polysorbate refers to the lipophilic group, in this case, the oleic acid (see polysorbate for more detail).
The full chemical names for polysorbate 80 are:
- Polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate
- (x)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
The critical micelle concentration of polysorbate 80 in pure water is reported as 0.012 mM.[3]
Other names
editE number: E433
Brand names:
Uses
editFood
editPolysorbate 80 is used as an emulsifier in foods, though research suggests it may "profoundly impact intestinal microbiota in a manner that promotes gut inflammation and associated disease states."[6]
For example, in ice cream, polysorbate is added up to 0.5% (v/v) concentration to make the ice cream smoother and easier to handle, as well as increasing its resistance to melting.[7] Adding polysorbate prevents milk proteins from completely coating the fat droplets. This allows them to join in chains and nets, which hold air in the mixture, and provide a firmer texture that holds its shape as the ice cream melts.
Health and beauty
editPolysorbate 80 is also used as a surfactant in soaps and cosmetics (including eyedrops), or a solubilizer, such as in a mouthwash. The cosmetic grade of polysorbate 80 may have more impurities than the food grade.[8]
Medical
editPolysorbate 80 is a surfactant and solubilizer used in a variety of oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Polysorbate 80 is also an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration, and used as an emulsifier in the making of the antiarrhythmic amiodarone.[9] It is also used as an excipient in some European and Canadian influenza vaccines.[10] Influenza vaccines contain 2.5 μg of polysorbate 80 per dose.[10] Polysorbate 80 is found in many vaccines used in the United States,[11] including the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.[12] It is used in the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Middlebrook 7H9 broth. It is also used as an emulsifier in the estrogen-regulating drug Estrasorb.[13]
Polysorbate 80 is also used in granulation for stabilization of drugs and excipients when IPA binding.[14]
Laboratory
editSome mycobacteria contain a type of lipase (enzyme that breaks up lipid molecules); when these species are added to a mixture of polysorbate 80 and phenol red, they cause the solution to change color, so this is used as a test to identify the phenotype of a strain or isolate. [15]
On RODAC agar plates used in microbiological control, polysorbate 80 counteracts disinfectants often found on sampled surfaces, thereby allowing the microbes found on these surfaces to grow. [16]
See also
edit- Polysorbate 20, used as a wetting agent in mouth drops
- Polysorbate 40
- Polysorbate 60, used as an emulsifier in powdered drink preparations such as hot cocoa mix
- Polysorbate 65
References
edit- ^ Merck Index, 13th Edition, 7664.
- ^ Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Product Information (PDF), Sigma, 1996-10-28, retrieved 2024-07-11
- ^ Chou DK, Krishnamurthy R, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF, Manning MC (June 2005). "Effects of Tween 20 and Tween 80 on the stability of Albutropin during agitation". J Pharm Sci. 94 (6): 1368–81. doi:10.1002/jps.20365. PMID 15858848.
- ^ "Polysorbates and Sorbitan Esters for Pharmaceutical Applications". BASF Pharma. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
- ^ "Trademark Status & Document Retrieval". tsdr.uspto.gov.
- ^ Naimi, S, Viennois, E, Gewirtz, A T, Chassaing, B (2021). "Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota". Microbiome. 9 (1): 66. doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00996-6. PMC 7986288. PMID 33752754.
- ^ Goff, H. Douglas (1997). "Colloidal aspects of ice cream—A review". International Dairy Journal. 7 (6–7): 363–373. doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(97)00040-X. ISSN 0958-6946.
- ^ "What is Polysorbate 80?". The Honest Company Blog. The Honest Company. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Gautier & Bellamy. "Pharmaceutical amiodarone composition for parenteral delivery". Archived from the original on 2009-06-20. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ a b Pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) Influenza Vaccine Quick Reference Guide Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Winnipeg Regional Health Authority 2009
- ^ "Vaccine Excipient & Media Summary" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 2018.
- ^ "Janssen Standing Orders for Covid-19". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 15, 2021.
- ^ Estrasorb Prescribing Information (PDF), Novavax, Inc.
- ^ "Polysorbate 80". Ataman Checmicals. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
- ^ "Laboratory Use of Polysorbate 80". Cape Crystal Brands. November 26, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
- ^ "Application of Polysorbate 80 in Laboratory Settings". Cape Crystal Brands. November 26, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
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