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Peacehaven

Peacehaven is a town and civil parish in the Lewes district of East Sussex, England. It is located above the chalk cliffs of the South Downs approximately six miles (9.7 km) east of Brighton city centre, on the A259 road. Its site coincides with the point where the Greenwich meridian crosses the English south coast. Peacehaven is next to Telscombe Cliffs, a later western extension to Peacehaven, which lies within a separate parish and has a separate town council.

Peacehaven
The Meridian Monument
Peacehaven is located in East Sussex
Peacehaven
Peacehaven
Location within East Sussex
Area5.2 km2 (2.0 sq mi) [1]
Population14,067 (Parish-2011)[2]
• Density6,621/sq mi (2,556/km2)
OS grid referenceTQ407013
• London49 miles (79 km) N
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townPEACEHAVEN
Postcode districtBN10
Dialling code01273
PoliceSussex
FireEast Sussex
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
WebsiteTown Council website
List of places
UK
England
East Sussex
50°48′N 0°00′E / 50.80°N 0.00°E / 50.80; 0.00

History

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A Bronze Age barrow (burial mound) lies very close to the cliff top, which has been under investigation by local societies.[3] The barrow represents evidence of the occupation of Peacehaven at least 3,500 years ago. A 2007 excavation of the new Bovis Homes site to the west of Peacehaven Community School's playing fields unearthed a large range of evidence for a prehistoric settlement throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages.

Peacehaven was established in 1916 by entrepreneur Charles Neville, who had purchased land in the parish of Piddinghoe; he then set up a company to develop the site (he also eventually built nearby towns Saltdean and parts of Rottingdean).[4] He advertised it by setting up a competition in virtually every newspaper in England to name the development. The name of the winners who chose the name 'New Anzac-on-Sea' (to commemorate the ANZAC's involvement in the Battle of Gallipoli)[5] were Mr West of Ilford, Essex and Mr Kemp of Maidstone, Kent.

The Daily Express later sued Neville over the competition, holding that it was a scam, since he was offering "free" plots of land in the town as runner-up prizes but issuing them only on the payment of a conveyancing fee. The Express won the case, but the publicity brought the scheme to a large audience. The idea was then to sell plots of land cheaply for people to build on themselves.

Initially, the town was New Anzac-on-Sea, but less than a year later, on 12 February 1917, it was renamed Peacehaven.[6]

In 1927, the directors of Peacehaven Estates Ltd, of South Coast Road, Peacehaven, and 7, Pall Mall, Westminster, were Lord Teynham (Chairman), C. W. Neville (managing director), and G. Kay Green.[7]

Although it has been claimed that the town was originally formed for retiring World War I veterans in order for them to escape and recover from the effects of the war, this is not proven. Mr Neville's publicity promoted the town as being an idyllic setting; sea air and simple lifestyle were thought to have aided good health. The land was also cheap and, as a result, working-class families from the city started to purchase plots and gradually build makeshift homes for weekends and holidays. This movement of frontier-style buildings made with whatever materials were available at the time was termed as the plotlands movement. Inhabitants felt a sense of freedom in living off what they needed and enjoying a simpler life away from the busy, polluted city. The Plotlands provided the working class an opportunity that might not have been available otherwise.[8]

By 1924, there were 3,000 people living in Peacehaven. Original houses were often very temporary affairs (some were old railway carriages). Others were constructed from former army huts, brought from North Camp near Seaford, a few of these still survive, having been given an outer concrete block wall (they can be identified by their oblong shape that tends to be end-on to the road). Eventually the local council invested in water and electrical services and so people started to build more substantial houses. After World War II, the local council introduced a zoning scheme in order to distinguish areas for improvement along the coast road. In 1974 the Town Centre Map and Action Plan was formed to aid development.

There are two listed farmsteads in the town: Halcombe Farm House built in the 17th century, and Hoddern Farm House from the 18th century. Another old building is the Shepherds Cot, now part of a private residential property in The Compts in north Peacehaven. This tiny cabin dates from the 1880s when it was built on farmland to shelter shepherds during the lambing season.[citation needed]

The popular singer and comedian Gracie Fields bought a home in Peacehaven overlooking the sea.[citation needed]

Geography

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Peacehaven is located on fairly flat coastal land which is elevated around 40 to 50 m (131 to 164 ft) above sea level. The pebble beach below the cliffs can be reached by a stairs and concrete driveway and sea walk. There are a number of green spaces along the A259 and the cliffs, one of which is called The Dell. A cinema formerly stood on this site, and now it holds events such as car boot sales, fireworks, fairgrounds, motorhome exhibitions, the Donkey Derby and an annual carnival (though in 2005 the carnival was held on the Joff field located behind the Meridian shopping centre). In the 1950s, the carnival stalls were located on the then vacant land on the NW corner of the South Coast Road (A259) and Dorothy Avenue.

Neville was influenced by the American grid system of planning. There were originally no "Streets" in Peacehaven; only "Roads" and "Avenues". With very few exceptions, "Roads" ran east to west, and "Avenues" north to south, most forming crossroads where they intersected the South Coast Road (A259). Apart from this road, Roderick Avenue, running roughly up the centre, was the only surfaced road (except for the area of Local Authority housing around Friars Avenue (north) in Peacehaven until the late 1950s, when the process of making-up the roads began. This started in Telscombe Cliffs and worked eastwards. As part of this, many of the Avenues had their junction with the main road blocked off to reduce the number of junctions and crossroads. The town still retains its original "grid" layout (apart from the newer development to the west called Telscombe Cliffs and above Firle Road): rectangular plots of land on both sides of the main road. Aerial photographs from the 1930s[9] clearly show the "grid" pattern and, at that time, the scattered nature of the community.

 
The chalk cliffs at Peacehaven

The parish includes part of the Brighton to Newhaven Cliffs Site of Special Scientific Interest. The cliffs are mainly of geological interest, containing many Santonian and Campanian fossils. The SSSI listing includes flora and fauna biological interest too.[10]

The point where the Prime meridian of the world crosses the coast is marked by a 3.5 m (11 ft) tall obelisk, commissioned by Charles Neville. It was unveiled on 10 August 1936, and has been relocated twice due to erosion of the cliffs.[11]

Governance

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Peacehaven's lowest tier of government is the Peacehaven Town Council who are responsible for local planning, highways and other amenities. The council consists of 17 elected councillors from three wards, North, West and East Peacehaven.[12] The May 2007 election returned 17 Conservative Party councillors.[13]

The next level of government is Lewes District Council with responsibilities for the wider ranging areas such as council tax collection, environmental health and democratic services. Peacehaven provides six councillors to the district council, representing the same three wards as the parish council. Elections are held every four years, the May 2007 election returned six Conservative Party councillors;[14] the May 2023 local elections returned six Labour Party councillors for these six seats.

The county council for East Sussex has responsibility for education, libraries, social services, civil registration, trading standards and transport. Elections for the county council are held every four years. Peacehaven parish is combined with the neighbouring Telscombe parish forming the Peacehaven & Telscombe Towns electoral division which elects two councillors to the council. The May 2013 election returned two UKIP councillors.

Peacehaven is in the Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven constituency for the UK parliamentary elections. In the 2024 general election the seat was won by Chris Ward of the Labour Party.

Prior to Brexit in 2020, Peacehaven was represented by the South East region, in the European Parliament.

Economy and retail

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The A259 running through the town

Peacehaven is twinned with the French town of Épinay-sous-Sénart and the German town of Isernhagen.[15]

The Co-operative Meridian Shopping Centre is in the town. There is also a leisure centre, several pubs, coffee shops, cafés and restaurants located throughout the town.

Religious buildings

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See also: List of places of worship in Lewes (district)

There are four churches in Peacehaven and one in Telscombe Cliffs. The Church of the Ascension, build by L. Keir Hett to replace Peacehaven's Anglican church, replaced a temporary building which had been erected in 1922. The Roman Catholic Church, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, was also founded in a temporary building in the 1920s; this survives as the church hall of the present brick structure. A Jehovah's Witnesses' Kingdom Hall and an Evangelical church are also in use.[16][17][18][19] Telscombe Cliffs United Reformed Church serves the population of both communities.[18]

Education

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The town has one secondary school, Peacehaven Community School. There are also three primary schools: Peacehaven Heights Primary School, Meridian Primary School, and Telscombe Cliffs Primary School and Nursery. The library located in the Meridian Centre hosts various training talks for adults and educational activities for children, as well as hosting a regular citizens' advice bureau.[citation needed]

Media

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Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV Meridian. Television signals are received from the Whitehawk Hill TV transmitter[20] and the local relay transmitter situated in Newhaven.[21]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Sussex on 95.0 FM, Heart South on 96.9 FM, and Seahaven FM, a community based station which broadcasts to the town on 96.3 FM.[22]

The town is served by the local newspapers, Sussex Express[23] and The Argus (formerly South Coast Leader).[24]

Sport and leisure

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Peacehaven has a Non-League football club Peacehaven & Telscombe F.C. who play at the Sports Park. The club hosts a variety of football tournaments that range from age U10–U16 every summer. There is also a small leisure centre and a bowls club[25][26] and dance schools such as Harlequin and Studio 54, as well as football and martial arts clubs.

Several special interest groups operate. The Women's Institute meets regularly at the Meridian Centre along with various other community groups.[citation needed]

Delivered on 30 acres of land given over by Southern Water and funded by financial contributions from Southern Water and Bovis Homes a new community led recreation destination 'The Big Parks Project' was completed in 2015.[27] Designed by architects Kaner Olette and engineers HOP & Crofton Consulting, the project includes a central activity café, children’s playgrounds, new cycle paths, skate park, and sports facilities.[28][29][30] The project has received many accolades since it was completed, including Constructing Excellence Sustainability Award – Winner 2015;[31] Architects Journal Retrofit Award – Winner 2015;[32] RIBA South East Award – Winner 2016;[33] Sussex Heritage Trust Public & Community – Highly Commended 2016.[34]

Peacehaven in film and fiction

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The town plays a part in Graham Greene's 1938 novel Brighton Rock.[35]

The 1979 film Quadrophenia starring Phil Daniels in the leading role as a mod named Jimmy also ended up in Peacehaven. At the end of the film he finds out his idol, the suave mod "poster boy" Ace Face (played by Sting), is in reality a bellboy. He steals Ace's scooter and heads out to Peacehaven Cliffs and an uncertain fate.

Peacehaven was selected for the site at which a car is pushed over the cliff in the TV thriller series The Level, while earlier Tiffany Mitchell's ashes were portrayed to be cast over the cliffs, in the BBC soap EastEnders in 1999, with viewers having been told at her funeral that she had spent happy childhood holidays there.[36]

Miodrag Kojadinović has a short story about a search for an ancestor in Peacehaven that plays with the concept of a "haven of peace", which won a prize for stories with Jewish themes and appeared in Serbian[37] and Hungarian,[38] both out of Novi Sad.

Music

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Punk band Peter and the Test Tube Babies formed in Peacehaven in 1978 and recall calling themselves the banchood group for a short period of time.[39]

International relations

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Peacehaven is twinned with:

References

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  1. ^ "East Sussex in Figures". East Sussex County Council. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2008.
  2. ^ "Population: Peacehaven". East Sussex County Council Library and Information Services. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  3. ^ Peacehaven's Ancient Mound reveals hidden secrets of prehistoric past Archived 7 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Events Diary, Government Office for the South East, 12 May 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2009
  4. ^ "Beginning of Saltdean Today". Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  5. ^ Hopper, Justin (2017). The Old Weird Albion. London: Penned in the Margins. p. 46. ISBN 9781908058379.
  6. ^ Bernard, S. (2018) A True History of Two Nearly new Peacehaven & Telscombe, Derbyshire: Country Books
  7. ^ The Directory of Directors for 1927 (Thomas Skinner & Co, 1927), p. 625
  8. ^ Hardy, D., & Ward, C. (1984) Arcadia for All: The Legacy of Makeshift Landscape, London: Mansell Publishing Ltd
  9. ^ "Residential development, Peacehaven, from the south-east, 1937 – Britain from Above". Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  10. ^ "Natural England – SSSI". English Nature. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
  11. ^ Bridgewater, Peter (2007). An Eccentric Tour of Sussex. Sussex: Snake River Press. pp. 78–81. ISBN 978-1-906022-03-7.
  12. ^ Crawford, John (19 March 2007). "Notice of Election" (PDF). Lewes District Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
  13. ^ "Results – Town and Parish Council Elections" (PDF). Lewes District Council. 3 May 2007. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
  14. ^ "Results – District Council Elections" (PDF). Lewes District Council. 3 May 2007. pp. 10–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
  15. ^ "Twin towns". East Sussex County Council. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  16. ^ Salzman, L. F., ed. (1940). "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7. Parishes: Piddinghoe". Victoria County History of Sussex. British History Online. pp. 66–69. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  17. ^ Elleray, D. Robert (2004). Sussex Places of Worship. Worthing: Optimus Books. p. 44. ISBN 0-9533132-7-1.
  18. ^ a b "Schools & Churches". Peacehaven Town Council. 2009. Archived from the original on 20 February 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  19. ^ Harris, Roland B. (November 2004). "Peacehaven Historic Character Assessment" (PDF). Sussex Extensive Urban Survey (EUS). East Sussex County Council, West Sussex County Council, Brighton and Hove City Council and English Heritage. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  20. ^ "Full Freeview on the Whitehawk Hill (Brighton and Hove, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  21. ^ "Freeview Light on the Newhaven (East Sussex, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Seahaven FM". Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Sussex Express". British Papers. 18 January 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  24. ^ "South Coast Leader". British Papers. 27 January 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  25. ^ "Wave Leisure Centre". Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  26. ^ "Peacehaven & Telscombe Bowls Club". Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  27. ^ "Big Parks Project – Peacehaven". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  28. ^ "Peacehaven Big Parks by Kaner Olette Architects". kanerolette.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  29. ^ "Sustainable Design | Big Parks Peacehaven | Crofton Consulting". crofton.consulting. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  30. ^ "Big Parks Project, Peacehaven – HOP Consulting". Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  31. ^ "CE London and South East Awards 2015 Winners announced – Constructing Excellence". 3 July 2015. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  32. ^ "2015 AJ Retrofit Winners | AJ Retrofit Awards". retrofit.architectsjournal.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  33. ^ "Gateway Cafe, Peacehaven". www.ribaj.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  34. ^ "2016 Awards: Public and Community – Sussex Heritage Trust". Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  35. ^ see Brighton Rock,1938, Part 7, chapter 9
  36. ^ "Now for the Tiffany tour". The Argus. 6 February 1999. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
  37. ^ with Polja Archived 26 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ "in Híd". Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  39. ^ Glasper, Ian. Burning Britain. PM Press 2014, p357
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