Okushiri Island (奥尻島, Okushiri-tō) is an island in Hokkaidō, Japan. It has an area of 142.97 square kilometres (55.20 sq mi). The town of Okushiri and the Hiyama Prefectural Natural Park encompass the entire island. It has many pastures, beech tree forests, and a rocky coastline. There are two elementary schools, one junior high school, and one senior high school. Okushiri currently has no colleges or universities.
Native name: 奥尻島, Okushiri-tō | |
|---|---|
 Relief Map | |
 Location of Okushiri off Hokkaido | |
| Geography | |
| Location | East Asia |
| Coordinates | 42°08′57″N 139°28′02″E / 42.14917°N 139.46722°E |
| Archipelago | Japanese archipelago |
| Area | 142.97 km2 (55.20 sq mi) |
| Length | 27 km (16.8 mi) |
| Width | 11 km (6.8 mi) |
| Coastline | 84 km (52.2 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 584 m (1916 ft) |
| Highest point | Mount Kamui |
| Administration | |
| Prefecture | Hokkaido |
| Subprefecture | Hiyama Subprefecture |
| District | Okushiri District |
| Town | Okushiri |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 3343 (2009-03-31) |
| Pop. density | 23.4/km2 (60.6/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Japanese |
Etymology
editThe name Okushiri comes from the Ainu name I-kus-un-sir (イクㇱウンシㇼ). The phonetic word ikus(un) means other side and sir means island.[1][2] However, the Japanese meaning of the two kanji used for the name mean "deep inside/innermost" and "buttocks/hips".
Geography
editOkushiri Island is located roughly 20 kilometers (12 miles) west of mainland Hokkaido. It is oval in shape with a coastline of 84 kilometers (52.2 miles). The island spans 27 kilometers (16.8 miles) from north to south, and 11 kilometers (6.8 miles) from east to west. Mount Kamui is the island's highest peak, and reaches 584 meters (1,916 feet).
Climate
edit| Climate data for Okushiri, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1976–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.4 (79.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.3 (41.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.5 (54.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.2 (32.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.6 (1.17) |
34.1 (1.34) |
42.4 (1.67) |
64.2 (2.53) |
83.8 (3.30) |
76.3 (3.00) |
113.3 (4.46) |
127.1 (5.00) |
122.7 (4.83) |
90.4 (3.56) |
84.2 (3.31) |
61.9 (2.44) |
920.1 (36.22) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.3 | 5.4 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 9.2 | 98.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 45.2 | 71.3 | 158.2 | 207.9 | 196.2 | 178.4 | 154.3 | 199.1 | 189.1 | 160.6 | 87.0 | 46.3 | 1,698.2 |
| Source 1: JMA[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: JMA[4] | |||||||||||||
Communities
editTwo main towns, Aonae at the southern tip and Okushiri in the central-eastern portion, contain the majority of the island's population and infrastructure. Additional small communities and individual households are found near the coast, and are connected by a road that circumnavigates the island.
History
editOkushiri has been struck by several natural disasters, including the 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake on 26 May 1983 which killed two,[5] and the more deadly 1993 Hokkaidō earthquake and tsunami on 12 July 1993.[6] The 1993 earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a major tsunami that caused deaths on Hokkaidō and in southeastern Russia, with a total of 230 fatalities recorded. Okushiri Island was the hardest hit, with 198 casualties from the earthquake, tsunami and a large landslide.[7] The tsunami inundated large parts of Okushiri, despite its tsunami defenses.[8] The island subsided by 5–80 centimetres (2.0–31.5 in).[7] After the tsunami, the number of residents slowly declined, and continues to do so.
Transportation
editOkushiri Airport serves the island with daily flights to and from Hakodate Airport. Regular ferry services to and from Esashi (2 hours and 20 minutes) and Setana (1 hour and 40 minutes) are provided by Heartland Ferry, and time timetable changes seasonally.[9]
A local bus service operates year-round.
Tourist activities
editOkushiri Island is known for Nabetsuru Rock, which translates to "pot-handle rock," a small rock arch sitting offshore of Okushiri Town. Okushiri Island has one operating hot spring, and opportunities for fishing and swimming. The Okushiri Moonlight Marathon was started in 2013, and is the largest attraction on Okushiri Island for visitors, attracting runners from around Japan and some foreign countries. The race starts at 3 pm and often finishes as it is getting dark. Local villagers turn out in large numbers to cheer on the runners. At the finish line, the race concludes with a seafood banquet and awards ceremony.[10]
References
edit- ^ "アイヌ語地名リスト" (PDF) (in Japanese). Hokkaido Prefecture. p. 24. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ "About location and geography of Okushiri-cho". Official Home Page of Okushiri Town. Okushiri Town. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ Murata, Susumu (2010). Tsunami: To Survive from Tsunami. World Scientific. pp. 71–73. ISBN 978-981-4277-47-1. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ Hirata, Yuzuki; Masakazu Murakami (November 16, 2006). "Island hit by 1993 killer tsunami remains vigilant". The Japan Times. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
- ^ a b NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 6 November 2010.
- ^ NGDC. "Comments for the Tsunami Event". Retrieved 6 November 2010.
- ^ "江差 時刻表 | ハートランドフェリー". 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Okushiri Moonlight Marathon". 27 June 2016.