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Nutan

Nutan Samarth-Bahl (née Samarth; 4 June 1936 – 21 February 1991), known mononymously as Nutan was an Indian actress who worked primarily in Hindi films. In a career spanning nearly four decades, she appeared in more than 80 films, that ranged in genre from urban romances to socio-realist dramas. Regarded as one of the finest actors in the history of Indian Cinema, Nutan was noted for her naturalistic acting style in parts of conflicted women often deemed unconventional.[1][2] Her accolades include a record five Filmfare Awards for Best Actress. In 1974, Nutan received the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award.[3][4]

Nutan
Born
Nutan Samarth

(1936-06-04)4 June 1936
Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India (present-day Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)
Died21 February 1991(1991-02-21) (aged 54)
Bombay, Maharashtra, India
NationalityIndian
Years active1950–1991
Notable workHum Log (1951)
Seema (1955)
Anari (1959)
Sujata (1959)
Chhalia (1960)
Bandini (1963)
Milan (1967)
Saraswatichandra (1968)
Anuraag (1972)
Saudagar (1973)
Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978)
Spouse
Rajnish Bahl
​
(m. 1959)​
ChildrenMohnish Bahl
Parents
RelativesMukherjee-Samarth family
HonoursPadma Shri (1974)

Born in Bombay to filmmaker Kumarsen Samarth and film actress Shobhna Samarth, Nutan started her career at the age of 14 in the 1950 film Hamari Beti, directed by her mother. She subsequently starred in the films Nagina and Hum Log (both 1951). Her role in Seema (1955) garnered her wider recognition and her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She continued playing leading roles through the 1960s until the late 1970s and went onto win the award on four other occasions for her roles in Sujata (1959), Bandini (1963), Milan (1967) and Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978). Some of her other films of this period include Anari (1959), Chhalia (1960), Tere Ghar Ke Saamne (1963), Khandan (1965), Saraswatichandra (1968), Anuraag (1972) and Saudagar (1973).

In the 1980s, Nutan started playing character roles and continued working until shortly before her death. She portrayed mostly motherly roles in such films as Saajan Ki Saheli (1981), Meri Jung (1985) and Naam (1986). Her performance in Meri Jung earned her a sixth and final Filmfare Award, in the Best Supporting Actress category. Nutan was married to naval Lieutenant-Commander Rajnish Bahl from 1959 until her death from breast cancer in 1991. Their only child, son Mohnish Bahl is an actor.[5]

Early life and family

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Nutan Samarth-Bahl was born on 4 June 1936 in Bombay into a Marathi Hindu family as the eldest of four children to director-poet Kumarsen Samarth[6][7] and his actress wife and filmmaker Shobhna.[8] Kumarsen was one of the early developers of the Films Division of India.[9] Her maternal grandmother Rattan Bai and her aunt Nalini Jaywant were also actors.[10] She grew up with complexes as she was considered too skinny in her childhood.[7][11] She had two sisters: actress Tanuja and Chatura and a brother Jaideep.[12] Her parents separated before Jaideep's birth. Actresses Kajol and Tanishaa Mukerji are Nutan's nieces. Her niece Kajol later shared her record for most Filmfare Best Actress wins.[13][14]

As a child, Nutan went to Villa Theresa School and was later educated at the Baldwin Girls' High School in Bangalore.[6][15] While she was attracted to the performing arts since childhood and liked singing and dancing, she liked arithmetic and geography at school. She took lessons in classical music for four years under Jagannath Prasad.[6] In 1953, when her film career had already started, she headed to Switzerland for further studies at La Chatelaine, a finishing school.[16][17] She was sent there at the behest of her mother following Nutan's intensive work in films and major weight loss. She described the one year spent there as the happiest in her life and returned home a year later having gained 22 pounds.[16][18]

Career

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Film debut and early work (1945-1954)

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Nutan first appeared briefly in front of the camera as a child in her father's film Nal Damyanti in 1945.[6][7] She started her career at age 14 by playing the protagonist in Hamari Beti (1950), directed by her mother.[6] She was conflicted during the making of the film, unsure she could pull it off given how critical she was of her appearance and talents. She took part in Snehal Bhatkar's soundtrack for the film, singing the song "Tujhe Kaisa Dulha Bhaaye Re".[19] The film released to considerable attention for Nutan's work. The Motion Picture Magazine gave a scathing review of the film but took note of Nutan's "fine performance", which showed "great promise".[20] She recalled an instance where her relatives changed their mind about her after watching the film: "The relatives who called me ugly changed their opinions overnight. They said they were proud of me."[21]

Ravindra Dave's suspense thriller Nagina (1951) followed, and Nutan's performance in the film gained her greater recognition.[6] The film became her first commercial success.[7] Aged 15 at the time of its release, she was not allowed to attend its premiere as it was certified "A: (restricted for adults) and she was underage.[16] The social drama Hum Log, released the same year, was similarly popular with audiences.[22] Directed by Zia Sarhadi, the film dealt with the trials and tribulations of a middle-class family and starred Nutan as the daughter Paro, an aspiring writer who suffers from tuberculosis.[23] Nagina and Hum Log consolidated her position as a rising star.[6][24]

The following year, she participated at the 1952 Femina Miss India contest, where she was crowned Miss Mussoorie, before being sent to Switzerland for further studies due to her weight loss and frail appearance.[24][17][25]

Breakthrough, success and stardom (1955-1979)

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Her first big break was Seema (1955), for which she won her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress.[26][27] She followed her success with a romantic comedy, Paying Guest, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand. By the late 1950s she was an established star.[28] In 1959, she starred in two hit films, Anari (with Raj Kapoor) and Bimal Roy's Sujata (with Sunil Dutt), for which she won her second Filmfare Award for Best Actress.[29] In the 1960s and 1970s, she had many more successful films including Chhalia (1960), Saraswatichandra (1968), Devi (1970) and Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978).[30][31]

In 1960, she starred opposite Raj Kapoor once again in Manmohan Desai's Chhalia,[32] which earned her a Filmfare nomination for Best Actress. In a film review at the time, Filmfare wrote: "As the unfortunate girl disowned by her relatives for no fault of hers, Nutan puts over a superb and memorable portrayal."[33][34]

She formed a popular screen couple with co-star Dev Anand and the two acted in four films together – Paying Guest (1957), Baarish (1957), Manzil (1960) and Tere Ghar Ke Samne (1963).[35][36]

"Nutan’s masterful performance of a jilted young woman who murders her lover’s wife in Bimal Roy’s classic is arguably the best acting by a lead actress in Indian cinema. Nutan’s genius lay in portraying a whole range of emotions without resorting to over-the-top histrionics. The pièce de résistance is the scene in which her face conveys conflicting sentiments as she is about to commit the murder."

—Forbes India on Nutan's performance in Bandini (1963)[37]

Bimal Roy's socio-realist Bandini (1963) is based on Tamasi, a Bengali novel by Jarasandha, and stars Nutan as Kalyani, a young prisoner convicted for poisoning the wife of her lover (Ashok Kumar).[38] The story follows her life in prison and how she is later faced with a choice between her past love and a young prison doctor (Dharmendra) who falls in love with her.[39] Having quit acting after marriage, Nutan was persuaded to accept the part by Roy, who asserted that he would abandon the project if she refused.[40] She was pregnant during the making of the film.[41][39]

Bandini was a major critical success, and Nutan received career-best reviews for her portrayal, which is often cited as one of the finest performances of Indian cinema.[42][43] The film won six awards at the 11th Filmfare Awards, including Best Film and a third Best Actress for Nutan.[44] The Bengal Film Journalists' Association ranked Bandini as the third-best Indian film of the year and acknowledged Nutan with the Best Actress award in its Hindi section.[45] Author and critic Dinesh Raheja wrote: "Sans screaming hysteria-niks, Nutan puts across one of the finest performances seen on Hindi screen. She recognised and was perfectly in tandem with Kalyani's innate strength of character."[46] In 2010, Filmfare included her performance in its "80 Iconic Performances" list.[47] Anupama Chopra included the film in her list of "The 20 Best Hindi Films Ever Made", calling Kalyani "one of Hindi cinema's most complex and fully realized female characters", which was "the role of a lifetime" for Nutan, whose "face raged with a grand passion and a quiet grace".[48] In 2013, Forbes India listed Nutan's performance as one of the "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema", hailing her work as "the best acting by a lead actress in Indian cinema".[37]

Her fourth Filmfare win came for Milan (1967). She starred opposite Amitabh Bachchan in 1973's Saudagar (1973), for which she received a sixth Filmfare nomination and a third BFJA award. In 1978, she made an astonishing return to the screen as the righteous Sanjukta Chauhan in Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978).[49] For this performance, she received an eighth Filmfare nomination and won her fifth Filmfare Award for Best Actress, at the age of 42. She thus became a record holder in the category, having won five awards for Best Actress at Filmfare. At age 42, she is also the oldest winner of the award. Nutan was perhaps the only actress of her generation to command leading roles in her 40s, with tremendous success.

Final film roles (1980-1989)

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Following this, she starred in Saajan Ki Saheli (1981), as an ignorant, jealous wife to a husband who knowingly befriends the daughter she abandoned at childbirth.[50] In the 1980s, she played roles in blockbuster films such as Meri Jung (1985), Naam (1986) and Karma (1986).[51] Karma was notable for being the first time she was paired with actor Dilip Kumar.[52] For Meri Jung, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her last film released while she was alive was Kanoon Apna Apna in 1989. She died in 1991 of cancer.[53] Two of her films Naseebwala (1992) and Insaniyat (1994) were released after her death. She also gave a stellar performance as Kaliganj Ki Bahu in the TV serial Mujrim Hazir, her only role on the small screen.[54][55] Nutan also sang two songs, one in Paying Guest and the other in Chhabili.[56][57]

Personal life

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Nutan married Indian Navy's Lieutenant-Commander Rajnish Bahl on 11 October 1959.[58] Their only son Mohnish, was born on 14 August 1961, who is an established television and film actor. Her son is married to actress Ekta Sohini.[59] His daughter (Nutan's granddaughter) Pranutan Bahl, named after Nutan, is also a film actress. Nutan was fond of hunting.[60] Her husband died from a fire accident in his apartment in 2004.[61][62]

Illness and death

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Nutan was diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in 1990.[63] In February 1991, she was admitted to Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai after she fell ill. At that time, she was filming Garajna and Insaniyat. She died at 12:07 p.m. (IST) on 21 February 1991.[64][65]

Artistry and legacy

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Nutan is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema.[66] She was noted for her willingness to play unconventional roles and several of her roles were labelled "path-breaking". In 2011, Rediff.com listed her as the third-greatest actress of all-time after Nargis and Smita Patil.[67] In 2012, Nutan was placed 10th by NDTV in its "The Most Popular Actress of All Time" list.[68] In 2022, she was placed in Outlook India's 75 Best Bollywood Actresses list.[69] Times of India's placed her in their "50 Beautiful Faces" list.[70] In 2023, journalist Rajeev Masand named her one of Hindi cinema's best actresses of all time.[71]

"Bandini is perhaps Nutan's best role ever. Nutan goes through all the phases of a girl struck by love – the first flush when colour comes to her cheeks upon the mere mention of name, the happiness she feels while playing his pretend-wife. Nutan looks maddened with grief and hatred when she does the acts most foul. Her inner struggle as she reflects between choosing her first love and old is perhaps one the best scenes ever filmed."

—Filmfare on Nutan's performance in Bandini (1963)[47]

Filmfare termed her face "camera-friendly" and said, "Apart from a lissome figure Nutan was gifted with one of the most camera-friendly faces in the industry. One could film her from any angle and it came out perfect."[72] Actresses such as Sadhana and Smita Patil noted Nutan as their influence.[73] Sadhana was once quoted as saying: "If there was any actress I modeled myself in the lines of it was the versatile Nutan in Seema, Sujata and Bandini. Parakh was a film where I really followed Nutan."[74] Filmmaker Sanjay Leela Bhansali said, "They don't make actresses like her anymore."[75] Singer Lata Mangeshkar said that Nutan was an actress who did justice to her voice on screen.[76]

M.L. Dhawan of The Tribune noted, "Nutan fine-tuned her dialogue delivery with an evocative voice. A natural throw was the hallmark of Nutan's dialogue delivery. She was low key and mellow as she was peppery and sarcastic and yet made a strong impact. She either played the main part or at least shared equal footing with the male counterpart."[77][78] According to Encyclopædia Britannica, Nutan had "developed a natural acting style under Bimal Roy's direction."[79] Arushi Jain of The Indian Express stated, "The actor left an indelible mark on the minds of those who had the fortune of watching her on the silver screen." Shantanu Ray Chaudhuri of The Telegraph noted, "Nutan essayed a range of roles that measured up both critically and as a star."[80][81] Nutan was known for her nuanced portrayal and for her female characters that stood "shoulder-to-shoulder" with the male characters.[82] Nutan's performance in Bandini was list in "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema" by Forbes. Filmfare's "80 Iconic Performances" list placed her 49th for the same film.[37][47]

Filmography

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Year Title Role Notes Ref.
1950 Hamari Beti Beti [83]
1951 Nagina Mukta
Hum Log Paro
1952 Shisham
Parbat Parbat
1953 Laila Majnu Laila
Aaghosh Meera
Malkin
1954 Shabaab
1955 Seema Gauri Won - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [84]
1956 Heer Heer
1957 Baarish Chanda
Paying Guest Shanti [85]
Zindagi Ya Toofan
1958 Chandan
Dilli Ka Thug Asha
Kabhi Andhera Kabhi Ujala
Sone Ki Chidiya Laxmi
Aakhri Daao
Light House
1959 Anari Aarti Sohanlal [86]
Kanhaiya Shanno
Sujata Sujata Won - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [87]
1960 Basant Meenakshi Rai
Chhabili
Chhalia Shanti Nominated - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [32]
Manzil Pushpa
1962 Soorat Aur Seerat
1963 Bandini Kalyani Won - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [88]
Dil Hi To Hai Jameela [89]
Tere Ghar Ke Samne Sulekha
1964 Chandi Ki Deewar
1965 Khandan Radha
Rishte Naate Savitri
1966 Chhota Bhai Annapoorna
Dil Ne Phir Yaad Kiya Ashoo / Shabnam
1967 Dulhan Ek Raat Ki Nirmala
Laat Saheb Nikki
Milan Radha Won - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [90]
Mehrban Laxmi
Mera Munna Seema
1968 Gauri Gauri [91]
Saraswatichandra Kumud Sundari [92]
1969 Bhai Bahen Mala
1970 Maa Aur Mamta Maya
Devi Devi
Maharaja Kamla
Yaadgaar Bhavna
1971 Lagan Shanti
1972 Anuraag Anu Rai Nominated - Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress [93]
Grahan
Mangetar
1973 Saudagar Mahjubi Nominated - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [94]
1975 Jogidas Khuman
1976 Zid [95]
1977 Mandir Masjid
Jagriti
Duniyadari Sushila
Paradh Vidya Marathi film
1978 Ek Baap Chhe Bete Joyce Fernandes
Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki Sanjukta Chouhan Won - Filmfare Award for Best Actress [citation needed]
Saajan Bina Suhagan Asha Chopra
Hamara Sansar Geeta
1980 Kasturi Prameela [96]
Sanjh Ki Bela
1981 Saajan Ki Saheli Kunti Kumar
1982 Teri Maang Sitaron Se Bhar Doon Kamini 'Lalli'
Jeeo Aur Jeene Do Dr. Sita
1983 Rishta Kagaz Ka Suman [97]
1985 Yudh Savitri Devi
Paisa Yeh Paisa Laxmi
Meri Jung Mrs. Aarti Verma Won - Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress [98]
Yeh Kaisa Farz
Pyari Bhabhi
1986 Sajna Saath Nibhana Shobha Rana
Karma Mrs. Vishwanath Pratap Singh [99]
Naam Janki Kapoor [100]
Ricky Seeta
1987 Hifazat Laxmi
1988 Sone Pe Suhaaga Usha [101]
1989 Mujrim Yashoda Bose
Kanoon Apna Apna Laxmi Singh [102]
Guru Yashoda Shrivastav [103]
1990 Aulaad Ki Khatir
1991 Garajna Unreleased
1992 Naseebwala Sharda
Deewana Aashiq Seema
1994 Insaniyat Shanti Devi [104]

Accolades

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Civilian Award

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Year Award Work Result Ref.
1974 Padma Shri Contribution in the field of Arts Honoured [105]

Filmfare Awards

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Filmfare Award for Best Actress

Year Film Result Ref.
1957 Seema Won [106]
1960 Sujata Won
1961 Chhalia Nominated [107]
1964 Bandini Won [108]
1968 Milan Won
1974 Saudagar Nominated [109]
1979 Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki Won [110]

Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress

Year Film Result Ref.
1974 Anuraag Nominated [109]
Saudagar Nominated
1979 Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki Nominated [111]
1986 Meri Jung Won [112]

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

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BFJA Award for Best Actress (Hindi)

Year Film Result Ref.
1964 Bandini Won [45]
1968 Milan Won [113]
1974 Saudagar Won [114]

Tributes and honors

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Nutan on a 2011 stamp of India

Nutan's narrative is depicted in the book Nutan – Asen Mi Nasen Mi (meaning 'whether I will exist or not') written by famous Marathi author Lalita Tamhane.[115][116] Her biography was launched by actress Madhuri Dixit in 2016.[117] In February 2011, a postage stamp, bearing Nutan's photo, was released to honour her by the Government of India.[118] On Nutan's 81st birthday in 2017, Google commemorated her with a Doodle.[119][120]

Giving her a tribute, Singer Lata Mangeshkar said, "If one has to rank the actresses by their acting prowess, the name of Nutan will be at the top."[121] Actress Sonam Kapoor recreated the famous Nutan pose from Saraswatichandra and termed the actress her "favourite".[122] Actress Tara Sutaria termed Nutan "fascinating" and said that her generation misses out on Nutan's "adaa and nazaaqat".[123] Lalit Kumar noted that the actress performed "every role with a certain moral superiority and grace".[124] The Bimal Roy Film and Memorial Society organised a three-day retrospective to mark the 83rd birth anniversary of Nutan in 2019.[125]

References

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