Medzev (Hungarian: Mecenzéf, (German: Metzenseifen[4][5]) is a town and large municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia. It is one of several towns in Bodva Valley. Other towns in Bodva Valley include: Jasov, Lucia Bania, Vyšný Medzev (Upper Metzenseifen), and Stos. Historically, It belonged to one of the original mountain towns in the Lower Zips/Dolný Spis: Gelnica/Göllnitz, Smolník/Schmöllnitz, Nálepkovo/Wagendrüssel, Krompachy/Krompach, Mníšek nad Hnilcom/Einsiedel, Švedlár/Schwedler.
Medzev
Metzenseifen | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Medzev Location in Slovakia | |
| Coordinates: 48°41′59″N 20°53′36″E / 48.69972°N 20.89333°E | |
| Country | Slovakia |
| Region | Košice |
| District | Košice-okolie |
| First mentioned | 1359 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Valeria Flachbartová |
| Area | |
| • Total | 31.87 km2 (12.31 sq mi) |
| (2022) | |
| Elevation | 318[2] m (1,043[2] ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 4,099 |
| • Density | 130/km2 (330/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 044 25[2] |
| Area code | +421 55[2] |
| Car plate | KS |
| Website | www.medzev.sk |
History
editThe first settlement
editAny official documents regarding the founding of Metzenseifen have yet to be found and were likely destroyed in the Counter-Reformation. Much of the historical records obtained regarding the history of Medzev come from the monastery in Jasov. As shown in the timeline, the departure of the Mongols in 1241 prompted King Béla IV to rebuild Hungary as quickly as possible. It is known that he invited Germans as part of his recolonization effort. Whether he directly invited the particular settlers of Metzenseifen remains unknown, but possible. The first official document from the Bodva Valley is that of a legal document from 1272, which describes the litigation of forestry rights between Vyšný Medzev / Upper Metzenseifen and Jasov. It could be extrapolated that Metzenseifen was founded sometime between 1241 and 1272.[6]
The Little Village "Das Dörfl"
edit
Until now, any documents that would have been submitted to Vienna or Budapest regarding Medzev's specific date of establishment have not been found. Therefore, we must draw information from reliable sources in the timeline like demarcation, into which the colonists would have entered upon arriving in the area called Metzenseifen. The timeline, as well as official documents and historical data were wiped out by the end of the Counter-Reformation. The monastery in Jasov and the neighboring townships could help us via documents, in which the name "Metzenseifen" was mentioned.
The original settlers
editThe town was founded by ethnic Germans during the High Middle Ages. It is safe to assume that they had a good reason to leave home in present-day Germany and form this new settlement. The Feudal Age of the thirteenth century was less than satisfactory. It is known that certain privileges (e.g. freedom from servitude, etc.) were promised in order to persuade people to come to Slovakia (part of Upper Hungary).
Unfortunately, it is not yet known exactly where the origins of the German settlers originated. It was not common to register migrants in the 13th century. However, comparative research in dialectology may one day identify the origins.[7]
The Germans of Metzenseifen belong to the Zipser Germans or Zipsers (see Zipser German Party), the Zipsers being named so after the Zips Mountains, called Spiš in Slovak. The Zips are a smaller group of mountains that are included in the Carpathian mountain range, which is why they are also known as Karpatendeutsche(n) respectively Carpathian Germans in English (or Mantaken, alternatively, in German).
Timeline of earliest known events
edit
Summary
editIn historical records the town was first mentioned in 1359. It was founded and settled by ethnic Germans.
The modern town stems from the merging of Nižný Medzev (German: Untermetzenseifen/Nider Metzenseifen/Nider Metzenseiffen/Nieder Mäzenseuffen/Nieder Metzenseif/Unter Mäznsüffen/ Unnter Metzensyffen[8]) [9](Hungarian: Alsómeczenzéf) and Vyšný Medzev (German: Obermetzenseifen/Ober Metzenseuf; again independent since 1999) in 1960. The earliest known record of the town Metzenseifen comes from 1359 Mechenseuph. There were most likely German and Slovakian miners living together at that time, although Hungarian records show that the area was mostly uninhabited before King Bela IV invited Germans into the area. After the Mongolian invasion, there was a strong surge of German families. The ownership ratio between the two ethnic groups was assigned by the Jasov Monastery. Church and town records from as far back as the mid 1400s do not show any evidence of Slovak families in the town.
Mining in the mountain continued to increase throughout and after the 14th century, as well as handcraft. After the 15th century, Medzev/Meztenseifen split between /Nižný/Unter-/Lower and Vyšný/Ober/Upper Medzev/Metzenseifen. During the Reformation, the monastery was closed and its governance discontinued. The struggle for power continued throughout the Counter-Reformation and eventually resulted in the rebuilding of the monastery under the supervision of Maria Theresia, the Habsburg Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Croatia.
Over the course of the industrialization period, Medzev/Metzenseifen became an economic center (site of many well-paid blacksmiths [approximately 100], who created agricultural tools). This led to tension in the 1930s between German and Slovakian speakers in the workplace. Before 1920 when Hungary was partitioned due to pressure by the Czechs and Slovaks, after forcing Hungary to sign the Treaty of Trianon, German was the official language of the town, and ethnically 95% German. After 1920, some Slovaks moved into the town but the town was still predominately German. Until the end of World War II, the German population significantly outnumbered the Slovakian population. After World War II, teaching German in the town was forbidden, some Germans were killed, others expelled, and those who remained have assimilated. Germans were looked down upon, their children were forcibly educated in Slovak and a town which has been German for over 700 years has now been mostly obliterated. Although "official" records state that over 20% of the population speaks German, it's closer to 10% and the "Mantak" dialect of German the Merzenseifers spoke is only spoken now by a few dozen people. In the past ten years, the number of Germans has increased by approximately 0.75%.[citation needed]
Panorama of the Bodva Valley
edit
Geography
edit
The town lies at an elevation of 313 metres and covers an area of 31.861 km2. It has a population of about 3,800. It is located at the foothills of the Slovak Karst (south) and Volovec Mountains (north) on the Bodva River, around 35 km west of Košice.
People
edit
This village is primarily home to Slovaks, Germans, Hungarians, and Romani. Those people of Germanic origin refer to themselves as "Mantaks",[10] although are more commonly recognized as Zipser Germans or Carpathian Germans.
Notable people
edit- Theodor Kundtz was born on July 1, 1852, in Lower Metzenseifen. He traveled to the United States and became a millionaire in Cleveland, Ohio by making wooden furniture.[11]
- Rudolf Schuster was the second president of Slovakia and came from a Carpathian German family from Medzev.[12][13][14]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2,649 | — |
| 1980 | 3,026 | +14.2% |
| 1991 | 3,241 | +7.1% |
| 2001 | 3,667 | +13.1% |
| 2011 | 4,261 | +16.2% |
| 2021 | 4,107 | −3.6% |
| Source: Censuses[15][16] | ||
According to the 2001 census, the town had 3,667 inhabitants. 75.43% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 13.55% Germans, 6.65% Roma, 1.55% Hungarians and 0.44% Czechs.[17] The religious make-up was 77.58% Roman Catholics, 12.95% people with no religious affiliation, 2.18% Greek Catholics and 0.79% Lutherans.[17] According to the 2011 census, the town has 4261 inhabitants.
Nationalities
edit| Census of Nationality | ||
|---|---|---|
| Language | # of Registered Speakers | % of Residents |
| Slovak | 2,975 | 69.82% |
| Not Specified | 773 | 18.14% |
| German | 354 | 8.31% |
| Roma | 77 | 1.81% |
| Hungarian | 54 | 1.27% |
| Czech | 19 | 0.45% |
| Ruthenian | 2 | 0.05% |
| Polish | 2 | 0.05% |
| Moravian | 2 | 0.05% |
| Bulgarian | 2 | 0.05% |
| Jewish | 1 | 0.02% |
| Ukrainian | 0 | 0.00% |
| Croatian | 0 | 0.00% |
| Serbian | 0 | 0.00% |
| Russian | 0 | 0.00% |
| Others | 0 | 0.00% |
| Source: Census of Nationality and Language 2011[18] | ||
Languages
edit| Census of Mother Tongue | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nationality | # of Registered Residents | % of Residents |
| Slovak | 2,585 | 60.67% |
| Not Specified | 825 | 19.36% |
| German | 419 | 9.83% |
| Roma | 303 | 7.11% |
| Hungarian | 100 | 2.35% |
| Czech | 11 | 0.26% |
| Bulgarian | 9 | 0.21% |
| Croatian | 9 | 0.21% |
| Others | 5 | 0.12% |
| Ruthenian | 5 | 0.12% |
| Yiddish | 5 | 0.12% |
| Polish | 2 | 0.05% |
| Ukrainian | 1 | 0.02% |
| Source: Census of Nationality and Language 2011[18] | ||
Twin towns – sister cities
editMedzev is a member of the Charter of European Rural Communities, a town twinning association across the European Union.[19]
Bienvenida, Spain
Bièvre, Belgium
Bucine, Italy
Cashel, Ireland
Cissé, France
Desborough, England, United Kingdom
Esch, Netherlands
Hepstedt, Germany
Ibănești, Romania
Kandava, Latvia
Kannus, Finland
Kolindros, Greece
Lassee, Austria
Moravče, Slovenia
Næstved, Denmark
Nagycenk, Hungary
Nadur, Malta
Ockelbo, Sweden
Pano Lefkara, Cyprus
Põlva, Estonia
Samuel (Soure), Portugal
Slivo Pole, Bulgaria
Starý Poddvorov, Czech Republic
Strzyżów, Poland
Tisno, Croatia
Troisvierges, Luxembourg
Žagarė, Lithuania
- Other twin towns[20]
- Castel Giorgio, Italy
- Holice, Czech Republic
- Miroslav, Czech Republic
- Rátka, Hungary
Notes
edit- ^ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk). "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce". www.statistics.sk. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ a b c d "Základná charakteristika". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk). "Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne)". www.statistics.sk. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ "The Lakewood Historical Society".
- ^ "Kundtz, Theodor". 10 February 2020.
- ^ Kauer, J., Schürger, J. and Wagner, K. 1986, p. 16
- ^ Komar, Jonathan (2013). The Semantic Categorization of the Lexicon of the Mantak Language (Thesis). p. 5.
- ^ Wegera, herausgegeben von Jörg Meier, Ilpo Tapani Piirainen und Klaus-Peter (2009). Deutschsprachige Handschriften in slowakischen Archiven vom Mittelalter bis zur Frühen Neuzeit. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-021260-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Meier, Jörg, Ilpo Tapani Piirainen. LX Einleitung Deutschsprachige Handschriften in slowakischen Archiven Volume 2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Komar 2013, p. 1.
- ^ Eiben, Christopher J.
- ^ Tischler P.
- ^ Mayr W.
- ^ Hitz, H., Wohlschlägl H., p. 473
- ^ "Statistical lexikon of municipalities 1970-2011" (PDF) (in Slovak).
- ^ "Census 2021 - Population - Basic results". Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2021-01-01.
- ^ a b "Municipal Statistics". Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. Archived from the original on 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ a b http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=62943 [dead link]
- ^ "Charter members". europeancharter.eu. Charter of European Rural Communities. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
- ^ "Partnerské vztahy". medzev.info (in Slovak). Medzev. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
References
edit- Kauer, J., Schürger, J. and Wagner, K. (1986). "Unter- und Ober-Metzenseifen Stoß Unterzips—Ostslowakei," Hilfsbund Karpatendeutscher Katholiken e.V., Arbeitskreis Bodwatal.
- Eiben, Christopher J. (July 17, 1997). "Tori in Amerika (1994)". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
- Paul Tischler (October 24, 2001). "Politiker und Schriftsteller-Nach der Wahl Rudolf Schusters zum Präsidenten der Slowakei". Retrieved June 11, 2012.
- Walter Mayr (September 2, 2002). "Hamlet an der Donau". Spiegel. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
- Harald Hitz; Helmut Wohlschlägl (2009). Das östliche Österreich und benachbarte Regionen: Ein geographischer Exkursionsführer. Böhlau Verlag Wien. ISBN 978-3-205-78447-0. Retrieved 11 June 2012.